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In recent years some extreme weather events have arisen from global warming because of human activities, with studies indicating an increasing threat from extreme weather in the future. Scientists were certain that global warming is being caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other humanactivities.
Its effects include warming global temperatur
e, rising sea levels and expansion of deserts in the subtropics(亚热带). Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing loss of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall with floods, heavy snowfall and species extinction due to great change of temperature. Bad effects on humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the loss of populated(住人的) areas because of rising sea levels.
Possible responses to global warming are reduction of emissions(排放), adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC), whose objective is to prevent dangerous climate change. It has adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. It is agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.
On 12 November 2015, NASA scientists reported that human-made carbon dioxide continues to increase above levels that have not been seen in hundreds of thousands of years: currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.
1.What does the underlined word “resilient” mean?
A. be easily damaged B. be able to recover easily
C. can be bent easily D. be difficult to change
2.Which of following is NOT mentioned as an effect of global warming?
A. rising sea levelsand expansion of deserts
B. more frequent extreme weather events
C. species extinction
D. increasing crop yields
3.Which of the following can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is likely for us to deal with global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to its effects and climate engineering.
B. There is no solution to too much carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.
C. It is common that human-made carbon dioxide keeps on increasing greatly in the previous several centuries.
D. Future global warming should be limited to below 3.6 °C.
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In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience. Those programs, ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows 1.(receive) both commercial success and public attention.
Their popularity is 2.(main) based on simple facts. First, they care 3.social concerns. Second, without exception, they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.
Despite apparent highlights, much room 4. (leave) for improvement. Above all, commercial interests often outweigh 5.（education） purposes, causing many complaints about the 6.(bearable) advertisements. In addition, some sharp remarks, 7.they are eye-catching, may have misleading effects on the youth.
In my opinion, such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8.(entertain) the public. 9. is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions. Meanwhile, the 10. (medium) should also safeguard the values of our society.
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years many TV shows have become 1. (extreme) popular among Chinese audience. Those programs, ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows 2. (receive) both commercial success and public attention.
Their popularity is mainly based 3. simple facts. First, they care about social concerns. Second, without exception, they explore 4. perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.
Despite apparent highlights, much room 5. (leave) for improvement. Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational purposes, causing many 6. (complain) about the 7. (bearable) advertisements. In addition, some sharp remarks, although they are eye-catching, may have 8. (mislead) effects on the youth.
9. far as I am concerned, such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely entertaining the public. 10. is expected that these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions. Meanwhile, the media should also safeguard the values of our society.
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语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience. Those programs, ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows 1 (receive) both commercial success and public attention.
Their popularity is 2 (main) based on simple facts. First, they care 3 social concerns. Second, without exception, they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.
Despite apparent highlights, much room 4 (leave) for improvement. Above all, commercial interests often outweigh 5 （education） purposes, causing many complaints about the 6 (bearable) advertisements. In addition, some sharp remarks, 7 they are eye-catching, may have misleading effects on the youth.
In my opinion, such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8 (entertain) the public. 9 is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions. Meanwhile, the 10 (medium) should also safeguard the values of our society.
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A natural disaster is a major harmful event resulting from natural processes of the Earth. In recent years, owing to either cyclical (循环的) changes or human activities, there has been a rise in natural disasters. Earthquakes, typhoons, floods and hurricanes have caused a lot of deaths around the world. On the one hand, natural disasters always bring great sadness to people, but on the other hand, natural disasters make people fully aware of the mistakes of themselves and begin to rethink what they have done. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leave some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which depends on the stricken population’s ability to recover.
Take the typhoon which hit Japan this summer as an example. This September Super Typhoon Chebi (飞燕) visited Japan, causing dozens of deaths, more than 600 injuries and losses worth countless dollars. Bridges and roads were washed away, houses and buildings damaged, leaving many people homeless. Furthermore, tens of thousands of visitors were forced to stay in the airport. Although the government of Japan had taken some precautions, the typhoon did bring much trouble to people there.
（写作内容）
1. 以约30个单词概括上文内容；
2. 以约120个单词就“作为学生应该做些什么来减少自然灾害造成的损失”的话题写篇作文，并包括以下要点：
（1）保护环境从自身做起，并提高公众的环保意识；
（2）掌握有关自然灾害的更多知识；
（3）建议政府提供更多的资金进行相关的研究。
（写作要求）
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
（评分标准）
内容完整、语言规范、语篇连贯、词数适当。
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The summer of 2012 was full of reports of extreme weather: one of the warmest years on record in the US, the wettest summer in the UK, and the worst drought (旱灾) in East Africa. In short, extreme weather seems to be becoming the new normal. Weather extremes are not that extreme any more. Heatwaves, droughts and wildfires are the new reality of a warming world.
And this should not come as a surprise. Scientists have been warning for years that as the planet heats up, we will have to deal with more dreadful weather. Although not every extreme weather event is the result of climate change, scientists are now much more confident about connecting weather events with climate change. In 2011, the UK had a warm November. Researchers say that it was at least 60 times more likely to happen because of climate change than because of natural changes in the earth’s weather systems.
All the news shows that climate breakdown is occurring faster than most climate scientists had expected. But isn’t it too expensive to stop the climate from changing? Well, yes it costs. So everything is just as usual. It would be wrong to believe that to let things continue as they always do is the cheap choice. Instead, it is very expensive. Just one example: droughts in the US, Russia and the Ukraine sent food prices to a record high. According to the World Bank, the price for corn increased by 113% in some markets in Mozambique and in Sudan. This is the kind of cost that often gets ignored.
I believe intelligent climate action can help create new opportunities for jobs in Europe, for encouraging creativity and competitiveness, for spending less money on energy.
1.According to the passage, in 2012 _____.
A．the UK had a warm November B．the US had many wildfires
C．the UK had a dry summer D．East Africa had little rain
2.The author mentions the increase of food prices in Paragraph 3 to _____.
A．show a lot of people are hungry
B．prove food prices are very changeable
C．prove we’re paying for extreme weather
D．show it’s expensive to stop the climate from changing
3.Which of the following statements does the author probably agree with?
A．Proper climate action will be useful.
B．Europe is providing limited job opportunities.
C．It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
D．Everyone needs time to get used to extreme weather.
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Weather experts said this year could be one of the strongest EL Nino events in recorded history. El Nino means severe weather conditions in parts of the world. In eastern Africa, for example, Kenya and Uganda are preparing for possible flooding. Yet South Africa and Malawi are already dealing with extremely dry weather.
El Nino is Spanish for “the child”. It usually begins in December, near the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. In fact, the weather event was named in his honor. El Nino develops when winds off the west coast of South America weaken. This permits warm water in the western Pacific to expand toward the east and the Americas. At the same time, clouds and rain over the warm water move east, too. El Nio conditions normally appear only about twice every 10 years. Usually, El Nino conditions continue for about 12 to 18 months. They bring warm weather to some areas. These areas become wetter than normal, while others become drier.
The United Nations Children’s Fund warns that many people are at risk from hunger, disease and water shortages resulting from El Nino. In the east and southern Africa up to 11 million children could be affected. East African countries usually experience heavy rainfall during the El Nino. Southern Africa usually has little rainfall which may lead to wildfires or drought(干旱).
Weather changes caused by El Nino depend on the strength of the condition. In the early 1980s, strong El Nino was linked to dry weather in Australia and Asia, rain and flooding in South America and high temperatures in many parts of the U.S. The years later, smaller El Nino caused trouble in parts of the U.S. It caused severe floods in the Southeast and the Middle West. Tom Di Leberto is a meteorologist(气象学家) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Washington, D.C. He said this year could be the third strongest El Nino on record. But we will not know for sure until all the weather records are examined.
1.The author writes the text to tell us_________.
A. many countries are preparing for the coming floods
B. Africa will probably suffer a lot form this year’s El Nino
C. this year could be one of the strongest El Nino on record
D. 11 million children could be affected by this year’s El Nino
2.The second paragraph is mainly about ____________.
A. what El Nino actually means
B. how El Nino comes into being
C. when El Nino will occur next time
D. why El Nino causes weather changes
3.Which of the following countries often suffers from flooding caused by El Nino?
A. Kenya B. Malawi
C. Australia D. South Africa
4.The author mentioned the 1980s’ El Nino and the 1990s’ El Nino to ______ .
A. explain why so many countries were affected by El Nino
B. prove weather changes caused by El Nino depend on its strength
C. argue that El Nino conditions usually appear about twice every 10 years
D. show scientists doubt whether this year will have the strongest El Nino
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Recently,people in US education have gotten extremely worried because a new report has shown that American students have a math problem.
The 2015 Program for International Student Assessment（评估）(PISA) shows math scores in the US getting lower and no improvement in science or reading.PISA tests 15-year-olds from different countries and regions in their math,science and reading skills.About 540,000 students from 72 countries and regions took part in the assessment in 2015.
US scores in reading and science were about the same as three years ago,leaving Americans near the middle of the bigger group.But the situation in math is much more worrying.The US average score was 470,be;ow the OECD（经合组织）test average of 490,meaning the US was No.40 among the 72 countries and areas.It was 12 points lower than in 2012 and 18 points lower than in 2009.So,what is going on with American students' math skills?
One reason may be that the US does not teach math in enough depth."Students are often good at answering the first part of a problem in the United States,"said Andreas Schleicher,director of education and skills at OECD."But as soon as students have to go deeper and answer the more complicated part of a problem,they have difficulties."In comparison,many high-performing countries and regions in math teach a lot less but focus in much greater depth, especially when you look at East Asia,Japan and Singapore,according to Schleicher.
Another reason may be the fact that many people in the US are unwilling to travel to foreign countries to learn better teaching practices."One of our biggest challenges in the US is that the teachers are not going out and seeing what high-performing countries do differently,"said Wendy Kopp,who started Teach for America,in a news program.
1.When it comes to the 2015 PISA results,people in US education are more concerned about .
A. the US average score
B. the differences from the previous PISA
C. American students' performance in math
D. American students' situation in science and reading skills
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A. American students are not interested in simple math problems.
B. American students are unwilling to go abroad for further study.
C. American math teachers envy high-performing countries better teaching skills.
D. American math teachers seldom teach students how to solve complicated problems.
3.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To inform people of American students' 2015 PISA results.
B. To analyze the causes of American students' problems with math.
C. To stress the importance of learning math well to America students.
D. To give American math teachers some advice on how to teach math.
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An 11-year-old girl from Belthangady, India, recently made news headlines for having around 60 dead ants pulled from her eyes. As for how the insects got there, some doctors thought they entered her body through the ears.
Last week, the girl, known only as Ashwini, started complaining of severe pain in her eyes. She told her parents that she felt there was something stuck in her eyes, and when they checked, they did find a small ant in one of her eyes. They didn’t pay much importance to it, as they assumed the insect had gotten there by accident, but it wasn’t long before the girl again started reporting pain in her eyes. They discovered more dead ants, and this time, they took her to hospital.
A local doctor told Ashwini’s parents that the insects must have first entered her body through the ears and then somehow made their way to her eyes. He gave her some eye-drops to help with the irritation（刺激）, but the girl still has 5 to 6 ants pulled from her eyes daily. A week ago, the Daily Mail reported that Ashwini’s eyes produced around 60 dead ants in a period of 10 days.
As doctors in Belthangady were left scratching their heads about how the ants reached Ashwini’s eyes or what they could do to stop the unusual phenomenon, she was taken to an eye hospital in Moodabidri, where her family hope to get some answers.
IB Times reports that Ashwini’s parents feared she had been affected by some evil spirit, so they also took her to an astrologer（占星家） who told them that the ants in the eyes were caused by something called Naga Dosha. But who knows?
1.Why did Ashwini recently make news headlines?
A. Because of her love for insects. B. Because of her extraordinary skills.
C. Because of her strange experience. D. Because of her abilities to control ants.
2.How did Ashwini’s parents react when finding an ant in her eye?
A. They didn’t take it seriously. B. They tried their best to comfort her.
C. They sent her to hospital immediately. D. They didn’t think it was just an accident.
3.The underlined part in paragraph 4 most probably means “ ”.
A. feeling angry about B. showing disagreement about
C. being optimistic about D. feeling puzzled about
4.What can be inferred about Ashwini from the text?
A. Her eyes no longer produce dead ants.
B. Eye-drops are of little help to her eyes.
C. The dead ants cause no harm to her eyes.
D. Only the astrologer has found out the truth.
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Online shopping is increasing popular among people in recent years．Some people liked to buy goods online．And I don’ t like it, because online shopping is less reliable than the traditional sale．Firstly, some dishonest merchant offer consumers to false information online．Secondly, consumers can’t feel the items that is usually presented by means of pictures．This means the items delivering may differ from which consumers expect．As a result, they may risk returning the items at our own expense．Thirdly, the items might be damaged during delivery．In word, online shopping isn’t reliable at all．
e, rising sea levels and expansion of deserts in the subtropics(亚热带). Warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing loss of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall with floods, heavy snowfall and species extinction due to great change of temperature. Bad effects on humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the loss of populated(住人的) areas because of rising sea levels.