Europe’s deadly outbreak of a rare form of E. coli bacteria (大肠杆菌) has brought new attention to food safety issues. One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick?
Of course, one way to avoid these medical mysteries is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This is easier said than done, but scientists keep looking for new ways.
Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. These can be sources of E. coli. E. coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E. coli are harmless but some can make people sick.
The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.
Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research center in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.
MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to detect contamination in produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”
The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit.
Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.
MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”
The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.
1.What is the main topic of the text?
A.Bacteria. B.A high-tech scanner. C.A camera D.Food safety.
2.E. coli bacteria ______.
A.broke out all over the world B.comes from soil or animal waste
C.is extremely harmful to health D.does not cause illness
3.The high-tech scanner ______.
A.can help to sort out different fruits
B.make the produce appeal to shoppers
C.can only capture images of the whole apple
D.can identify the presence of contaminants
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A.The scanner needs to be improved.
B.The scanner will be available in the next several years.
C.Moon Kim is unwilling to develop the scanner.
D.The scanner is connected to a sorting machine.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
Europe’s deadly outbreak of a rare form of E. coli bacteria (大肠杆菌) has brought new attention to food safety issues. One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick?
Of course, one way to avoid these medical mysteries is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This is easier said than done, but scientists keep looking for new ways.
Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. These can be sources of E. coli. E. coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E. coli are harmless but some can make people sick.
The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.
Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research center in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.
MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to detect contamination in produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”
The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit.
Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.
MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”
The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.
1.What is the main topic of the text?
A.Bacteria. B.A high-tech scanner. C.A camera D.Food safety.
2.E. coli bacteria ______.
A.broke out all over the world B.comes from soil or animal waste
C.is extremely harmful to health D.does not cause illness
3.The high-tech scanner ______.
A.can help to sort out different fruits
B.make the produce appeal to shoppers
C.can only capture images of the whole apple
D.can identify the presence of contaminants
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A.The scanner needs to be improved.
B.The scanner will be available in the next several years.
C.Moon Kim is unwilling to develop the scanner.
D.The scanner is connected to a sorting machine.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
If the machine makes a mistake -- ____ rarely happens -- it gives a warning in the form of a red light.
A.that B.which C.as D.what
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
In 2016, a team of Japanese scientists found bacteria capable of breaking down and “eating” one of the world’s most popular plastics-polyethylene terephthalate(PET). It was valued as a potential breakthrough at the time. But a new discovery came as a team of British scientists examined an enzyme(酶) produced by the Japanese bacteria to find out more about its structure. While operating the structure to better understand how it worked, they accidentally created the changed enzyme that’s even more efficient at breaking down plastic bottles.
The researchers are now working to further improve the enzyme so it can be used on an industrial scale. It’s possible that within the next few years there could be an industrially possible process for turning PET into other substances so it can be recycled.
The ability to scale up the process will be important. Plastic pollution is fast becoming one of the biggest environmental issues of our time. More than 1 million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute. Most of these bottles are made from PET,which can take up to00 years to biodegrade(生物降解), and many are left in the oceans. Over half of global PET waste is not collected for recycling and only 7 percent of bottles are recycled into new bottles.
Some scientists say the breakthrough, though promising, is nowhere near enough to solve our pollution crisis. These enzymes are not abundantly present in nature. So you would need to produce the enzyme first, then add it to the PET plastic to degrade it.”This is likely to be a slow process. If you have gone through the trouble of collecting the PET waste, then there are clearly far better ways to recycle it or burn it for energy,” said Wim, head of the Industrial Biotechnology Center. He suggested the use of commercially available biodegradable bioplastics would still be a better bet.
1.What unexpected discovery did the British scientists make?
A. An effective way to deal with plastic waste.
B. A potential solution in collecting PET waste.
C. The way to understand the structure of enzyme better.
D. The real value of the discovery by Japanese scientists.
2.What does the underlined phrase “the process” in Paragraph 3 actually refer to?
A. The process to find the enzyme.
B. The process to make more plastics.
C. The process to reduce the PET waste.
D. The process to produce kind of new PET.
3.What is the problem about recycling the PET waste?
A. Large quantities of plastic bottles are used.
B. Ocean plastic waste is harder to biodegrade
C. Most of the PET waste is left without treatment.
D. Most of the plastic products are made from PET.
4.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. The enzyme does not exist in nature.
B. The enzyme has helped to solve the plastic problems.
C. Burning plastic waste for energy is now the best way to rid it.
D. We have a long way to go to use the enzyme to recycle PET waste.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The operation room in every hospital has to ______ bacteria of any kind.
A.keep free from | B.make it free from | C.be made free from | D.be kept free from |
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
In 2004,the World Health Organization,WHO,warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease which may be even more deadly than SARS.The WHO believes that it is likely that bird flu will spread to human beings in the next few years.If it does,up to seven millions people could die from the disease.
Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses,that is,tiny things which change and become more dangerous over time.When a new type of a common virus changes,it may be able to get past the body’s immune(免疫的)system.If that happens,humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available.
There have always been viruses and people always get sick,of course,but as we saw with SARS,the situation is more difficult today.People travel more than ever before,which means that disease can spread quickly and across large areas——in fact the whole world.
Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus,but the process takes time.It is just as important to make sure that countries,especially poor countries,are prepared to deal with the disease. New disease usually affect poor areas the most,so we must help develop health care in all countries.
1.The situation is more serious today because ________.
A.people travel more B.people don’t eat healthy food
C.there aren’t enough hospitals D.scientists can’t find a cure
2.From this passage we know ________.
A.bird flu will surely spread to human beings in the next few years.
B.a virus changes and become less dangerous over time.
C.SARS is 1ikely to come again in some years.
D.poor areas usually suffers more from new diseases than rich areas.
3.The possible title of this passage is
A.The Work of WHO
B.Scientists Are Working Hard on Drugs for Diseases
C.What Is a Virus
D.Virus Changes and Causes New Diseases Over Time
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
The coronavirus outbreak has sparked panic buying of toilet paper and cleaning products in countries across the world, but one UK businessman is determined to spread some happiness among the anxiety and confusion.
Rob Braddick, 48, who owns Braddick’s Holiday Park in Westward Ho, Devon, in the southwest of England, has filled the toy grabber machines in his amusement park with two of the country’s most sought-after cleaning products.
Customers could previously try their hand at grabbing “Frozen 2” or “Peter Rabbit” toys from the machines, but no more. “They got removed this morning,” Braddick said of the toys, replacing them with toilet roll and hand sanitizer (洗手液). Visitors can now pay 50p for three goes on the toilet roll grabber, or a go for Carex, which Braddick described as the “Rolls- Royce of hand sanitizers.”
Braddick said that his decision was born of a desire to make people feel less stressed in uncertain times. “It’s a bit of light relief with everything that’s going on,” he said. “Hopefully it will raise a smile, which I think everybody needs.”
Around the world, travel plans have been severely affected, and tens of millions of people remain at home as part of global efforts to fight against coronavirus. Supermarkets have seen shortages of toilet paper and hand sanitizer as anxious consumers stockpile the products.
Braddick said the family business, which has been running since 1932, has received more than a dozen calls from potential customers who say they don’t want to travel abroad for their holidays and would rather stay in the UK. As for his own measures against coronavirus, Braddick said staff have been told to wash their hands every half hour, which is particularly important for those handling money.
1.What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A.New practice of the game. B.Prizes of the game.
C.Price for a try. D.People’s love for grabbing toys.
2.What’s the purpose of Braddick’s new idea?
A.To make higher profits. B.To attract more people to play the game.
C.To support his family business. D.To ease people’s anxiety.
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Cleaning products will be in shortage for a long time.
B.Braddick’s business is experiencing a hard time.
C.Tourism may fall into a decline.
D.Everyone in the park is told to wash their hands every half hour.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The incident _____ a chain of events which resulted in the outbreak of the World War I.
A. set out | B. set off |
C .set about | D. set in |
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.
Soon after the epidemic started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列)the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.
Due to this openness, pharmaceutical (制药的) companies across the globe are now able to work simultaneously (同时地)to develop a vaccine. “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazeera. “The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more resilient (有适应力的) we’ll be against coronavirus outbreaks in the future.”
Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.
This openness in science is going to be even more critical in the future. “With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent,” Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.
He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a coordinated (合作的) approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and therapeutics (疗法) very rapidly.”
Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming (补偿的) factor of the COVID-19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.
1.What does the article mainly talk about?
A.Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic.
B.Something positive we’ve learned from the epidemic.
C.The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge.
D.What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics.
2.What is the positive effect of the research team from Fudan University placing the genetic sequence of the virus onto GenBank?
A.They alerted the world to the danger of the virus.
B.They helped remove people’s fear of the virus.
C.They showed the world how to produce a vaccine.
D.They invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine.
3.What is the author’s purpose of mentioning remdesivir in the text?
A.To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic.
B.To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus.
C.To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries.
D.To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained.
4.What does the underlined word “critical” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.expressing disapproval.
B.extremely important.
C.serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous.
D.making fair, careful judgments.
5.Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with?
A.Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to scientific development.
B.The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics.
C.No single group can fight against the epidemics independently.
D.The increase in globalization may worsen future epidemics.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this "open science” is already making a difference.
Soon after the epidemic started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列)the DNA of the virus. But they didn't keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.
Due to this openness, pharmaceutical companies across the globe arc now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine (疫苗)."There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US, told Al Jazccra. "The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more resilient (有 适应 力的)we'll be against coronavirus outbreaks in the future."
Major drug companies around the world arc also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavinis. Currently, two trials of the drug arc already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.
This openness in science is going to be even more important in the future. “With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent,” Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.
He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a coordinated approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and therapeutics (疗法)very rapidly.”
Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming (补偿的)factor of the COVID-19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.
1.What does the article mainly talk about?
A.Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic.
B.Something positive we've learned from the epidemic.
C.The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge.
D.What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics.
2.What is the positive effect of the research team from Fudan University placing the genetic sequence of the virus onto GenBank?
A.They alerted the world to the danger of the virus.
B.They helped remove people's fear of the virus.
C.They showed the world how to produce a vaccine.
D.They invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine.
3.What is the author's purpose of mentioning Remdesivir in the text?
A.To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic.
B.To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus.
C.To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries-
D.To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained.
4.Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with?
A.Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to scientific development.
B.The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics.
C.No single group can fight against the epidemics independently.
D.The increase in globalization may worsen future epidemics.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks to reduce the risk of infection. It's a very simple but incredibly effective method to protect oneself from a variety of harmful things. In fact, masks have been helping mankind for centuries. Let's take a look at some mask-related history.
1st century
In that era, many people in Roman Empire worked underground in mines to support their families. But most of them suffered from and even eventually died of respiratory (呼吸的) illnesses. To address this problem, Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD), a Roman philosopher and naturalist, recommended the use of animal bladder (膀胱)skins to stop dust from being breathed in. Although primitive, his idea was considered the very first recorded mask invention.
16th century
Early inventions did not stop with Pliny. Many centuries later, Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), proposed using a woven cloth dipped in water over the face to protect against the poisonous chemicals.
19th century
The design of the mask look a big step forward in the 19th century. In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the first person to patent (注册专利)a protective mask for miners, which was a milestone in face mask history. Masks at this stage were similar to gas masks. Later, in 1897, Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz-Radccki designed a simple mask composed of one layer of gauze (纱中1), recommending medical workers to wear it to prevent infection. That was the first recorded use of a surgical mask.
20th century
In 1910. an epidemic broke out in Northeast China. Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a cheap face mask called "Wu's mask". Made of two layers of surgical gauze, it could be wrapped around the back of the head and tied in a knot. This mask was praised by experts around the world, as it was simple to manufacture (制作)and had a low production cost. Modem exploration
With several outbreaks of infectious diseases and the flu. and the rise of pollution caused by industrial waste, the materials in masks have continued to evolve to better protect its wearer. For example, in 2012 when China suffered from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN90. which can filter out this fine particulate (微 粒)mailer, became highly popular. In the future. masks will continue to improve, hopefully so will the habits of humans.
1.According to the text, why were masks invented?
A.To reduce the risk of infection.
B.To protect miners from dust.
C.To indicate patients with respiratory illnesses.
D.To protect workers from harmful chemicals.
2.What was considered a milestone in face mask history?
A.Using a woven cloth instead of animal skins.
B.Getting a patent on protective masks for miners.
C.The invention of surgical masks in 1897.
D.Using more than one layer of surgical gauze.
3."Wu's mask" grew popular around the world because.
A.it could be used multiple times B.it was simple for people to wear
C.it was cheap and easy to manufacture D.it could better protect people from smog
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The evolution of masks. B.The benefits of using masks.
C.A comparison of different masks. D.The roles masks played at different times.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析