Children who are spanked (挨打) have lower IQs ...

Children who are spanked (挨打) have lower IQs worldwide, including in the United States. All parents want smart children. Avoiding spanking and correcting misbehavior in other ways can help that happen.

A new research by Professor Murray Straus found that children in the United States who were spanked had lower IQs four years later than those who weren’t spanked. Straus and Mallie Paschall, a senior research scientist, studied nationally examples of 806 children aged 2 to 4, and 704 aged 5 to 9. Both groups were retested four years later.

The IQs of children IQs aged 2 to 4 who weren’t spanked were 5 points higher four year later than the IQs of those who were spanked. The IQs of children aged 5 to 9 who weren’t spanked were 2.8 points higher four years later than the IQs of children at the same age who were spanked. How often parents spanked made a difference. The more spanking, the slower the development of children’s mental ability. But even small amounts of spanking made a difference.

Straus also found a lower national average IQ in nations in which spanking was more popular. His analysis shows the strongest link between physical punishment and IQ is for those whose parents continue to use physical punishment even when they are teenagers.

Straus also found a lower national average IQ in nations in which spanking was more popular. His analysis shows the strongest link between physical punishment and IQ is for those whose parents continue to use physical punishment even when they are teenagers.

Straus and colleagues in 32 nations used data on physical punishment experienced by 17,404 university students when they were children. According to Straus, there’re two explanations for the relation of physical punishment to lower IQ.

First, physical punishment is extremely stressful and can become a long-lasting stressor for young children, who typically experience punishment three or more times a week. For many it continues for years. The stress of physical punishment often leads to being fearful that terrible things are about to happen and being easily shocked. They’re associated with lower IQ. Second, a higher national level of economic development leads to both fewer parents using physical punishment and a higher national IQ.

The good news is that the use of physical punishment has been decreasing worldwide, which may signal future gains in IQ across the globe. The United Nations has called on all member nations to forbid physical punishment by parents. Nevertheless, there’s evidence that attitude favoring physical punishment and actual use of physical punishment have been declining even in nations which haven’t forbidden physical punishment.

1. From the passage we can know that physical punishment will make______.

A. no scientist

B. a well-behaved child

C. a bad parent-child relationship

D. a child feel nervous continuously

2.It can be concluded from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 that______.

A. long-term spanking will cause children’s mental disorder.

B. low national average IQ limits the mental development of children

C. young children have more chances to suffer from physical punishment.

D. high frequency of spanking results in slow development of children’s intelligence

3. According to Straus’s research, children’s being spanked is probably related to parents’______.

A. low income

B. little education

C. long-lasting pressure

D. passive personalities

4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that______.

A. the improvement of global average IQ is out of the question

B. physical punishment becomes less popular in the world

C. most countries have realized the negative consequence of punishing in its member nations.

D. the UN has succeeded in banning physical punishment in its member nations

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted, new research suggests.

In the study, researchers looked at about 1,900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover, among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study, the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors.

The researchers selected six schools and required the children, whose average age was 7 at the start of the study, to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school, especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children, from another six schools, continued their usual activity patterns. After three years, 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention(干预) group had become nearsighted, compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group.

It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit children’s eyesight, the researchers said. However, some research has suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine(多巴胺) of the eye. In turn, dopamine is known to restrain（抑制） the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness.

Based on the new results, the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However, it’s important to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light, which can be damaging.

1.What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day?

A. Attend an extra class of outdoor activities.

B. Continue to do their usual activities.

C. Spend one hour in doing eye exercises.

D. Participate in outdoor activities with parents.

2.What can be inferred about the chemical dopamine?

A. It can contribute to poor sight.

B. It can damage people’s brain.

C. It is beneficial to eyesight.

D. It means low levels of light intensity.

3.What may be discussed in the following paragraph?

A. How to design outdoor activities for kids.

B. How to prevent kids becoming nearsighted.

C. How to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light.

D. How to encourage kids to join in outdoor activities.

4.Which can serve as the best title for the passage?

A. The More Time Outdoors, the Better

B. Kids May See Better if They Play Outside

C. It’s Time to Engage Kids in Outdoor Activities

D. Researchers Found a Cure for Nearsightedness

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Friends are important to children．Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life．Friendship provides children with more than just fun．In making friends，children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems．Having friends even does good to children for they can help each other during class.

If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends，what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends．Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships．First of all，be a friend to your child．Good friendships start at home．Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents. Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him．Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people.

Teach children how to solve conflicts(争端)．Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others．If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own．Only step in if it is really necessary，for example，an argument is getting physical.

Give children chances to practice staying together．Have children play games that require cooperation. For example，races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork．“In what ways didn’t you work well together? What might you do differently next time?” For these ideas，see books such as Games Book by Telly Orlick and Team—Building by Alanna Jones.

Encourage children to show thanks to others．The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them．

56．According to the article，if one child has no friend，he will________.

A．have some trouble in the future           B．worry about everything in the future

C. not know the importance of making friends   D．not find anybody to help him

57．Friendship can be helpful to the children EXCEPT_________.

A．providing a lot of fun      B．getting in touch with others

C. solving the problems        D．helping to cheat in the exams

58．When the children disagree with each other，the parents should_______.

A．1et them fight with each other until they find who is the winner

B．do nothing to the children and believe in their abilities

C．1et them work it out by themselves and help if necessary

D. talk with them and try to find good ways to stay together

59．From the text．we can know a good friend should know how to________.

A．fall in love with each other      B．show thanks to others

C. exchange their presents          D．ignore their differences

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

When people who are nature lovers worldwide wish all humans to realize the importance of their natural surroundings, many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life.

Julie, an Australian housewife in Brisbane is one such example. Even though autumn is approaching Australia's Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming (盛开的) flowers in Julie's little garden, as she tells that in her community,“Each of us has a beautiful yard. The whole community, from children to elderly people, takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden.”

“Gardening is the most popular club in our community,” she says. “A lot of retired people don't just regularly organize gardening lectures, but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training. So you can see that flowers continue to blossom(开花) in our gardens throughout the year.”

Talking about her people's sense of caring for the environment, Julie says when people in the community take along their dog, they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog's waste. “In our community, you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass,” says Julie with a smile. “Taking care of the dog's waste can also help to develop children's sense of responsibility!”

As to protecting water resources, the Australian government has made strict rules for families. Julie says, “We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!” She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater, which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use, including car washing and watering the garden. This year, they also asked people to connect the water tank with their toilets.

1.From the first three paragraphs we learn that_______.

A. gardening is popular in most parts of Australia

B. April is a great time for people to enjoy flowers

C. Julie's community has a deep sense of caring for nature

D. it's not easy to keep a garden without proper training

2.Why can flowers be seen all year round in Julie's community?

A. Families are taught how to take care of their gardens.

B. Gardening lessons are often given by professors.

C. The local government provides free gardening training.

D. There is enough rainwater to water the flowers regularly.

3.What do we know about Julie from the passage?

A. She finds it embarrassing to walk on the grass.

B. She once stepped on a dog's waste.

C. She is quite in favor of raising a dog.

D. She takes pride in her community.

4.From what Julie says in the last paragraph, we know_______.

A. rainwater is not the best resource

B. her community makes full use of resources

C. her community owns a public tank

D. it is not necessary to water flowers very often

5.What would be the best title for the text?

A. How Australians save resources

B. Love nature, the Australian way

C. How Australians lead their life

D. Protect nature, a must of life

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Intelligent people are more likely to trust others, while those who score lower on measures of intelligence are less likely to do so. Oxford university researchers based their findings on an analysis of the General Social Survey.

The authors say one explanation could be that more intelligent individuals are better at judging characters and may spend more time building relationships with people they can trust. Another reason could be that smarter people are better at weighing up situations and assessing whether or not the other person will keep his or her side of a bargain.

“Intelligence is shown to be linked with trusting others,”said the study’s lead author, Noah Carl of Oxford University. “This finding supports what other researchers have argued, namely that being a good judge of characters is a distinct part of human intelligence.”

In addition, the study shows that individuals who are more trusting are also happier with their lives and have higher levels of physical health. The Oxford researchers found, however, that the links between trust and health, and between trust and happiness, are not explained by intelligence. The findings confirmed that trust is a valuable resource for an individual, and is not simply a measure of intelligence.

The authors say the research is significant because the study of social trust could have far-reaching implications for public welfare, as social trust contributes to the success of important social institutions, such as welfare systems and financial markets.

According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, trust is in increasingly short supply in the current generation. This decline threatens world leaders’ability to handle some of today’s key challenges like global warming, and the political systems. There are good reasons to think that governments should try to develop more trust in society.

“Distrust usually causes friction in personal relationships, careers and politics among people,” says Stephen Covey. Although the majority of people say that trust can never be restored once it’s broken, Stephen feels it can be brought back. “It’s not easy, and it takes time, but you do it through your behavior, not just things you say.”

1.It can be concluded from the analysis of the General Social Survey that ______.

A.intelligent individuals spend less time on interpersonal relationships

B.judgment of characters determines the level of intelligence

C.intelligence accounts for the connection between trust and health

D.intelligent people tend to show more trust in others

2.What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.make the best of a situation.

B.stick to one’s promise as agreed.

C.figure out the true value of a bargain.

D.make an assessment of a deal

3.According to the research, higher level of social trust is _______.

A.a contributing factor to successful public institutions

B.a basic step to deal with global warming

C.a decisive basis for stable political systems

D.a complete solution to interpersonal conflicts

4.When it comes to rebuilding trust, Stephen is most likely to agree that _____.

A.behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image

B.actions always speak louder than words

C.behavior is largely determined by mind

D.action is the proper fruit of knowledge

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Guide dogs are going to be available for the children who are unable to see normally in the UK for the first time, as the age limit is to be removed. The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association is to begin training dogs to help blind people under the age of 16.

The association says too many youngsters with impaired eyesight are lacking in independence. They have only a limited social life because of their disability. Giving some of them guide dogs at a younger age is intended to help them to widen their range of activities and to improve their sense of self-confidence and independence. Guide dogs for these teenagers will begin to be provided from next year. There has been an experimental project to test the use of guide dogs with younger people.

Charlotte, aged 14, was among the youngest guide dog owners. She had been gradually losing her eyesight since the age of eight, and lost her eyesight completely this year. She has been assisted by a two-year-old guide dog. Charlotte used to have a long stick to help her move around, but having a guide dog allows her much more freedom and makes her feel safer.

However, the association says there is a worryingly patchy supply of services for the young blind people across the UK, and it calls for a sharp increase in the number of guide dogs all over the country. As with adult blind people, only a small number of them are likely to be considered suitable for a guide dog. Most will continue to rely on extra help and training from education and social services.

1.What can we learn about guide dogs from the text?

A. They have been provided for teenagers in the UK.

B. They are beneficial to blind children’s development.

C. They became possible in the UK recently.

D. They are quite popular in the UK.

2.What does Charlotte’s example tell us?

A. It is necessary to carry out the experimental project.

B. Guide dogs can get along well with disabled people.

C. The association’s opinion is not quite right.

D. Youngsters need companions and friends.

3.What does the underlined word “patchy” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. Endless. B. Perfect. C. Inadequate. D. Diverse.

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A. Blind people need guide dogs’ assistance in their daily life.

B. Age limit for the blind to have guide dogs is to be removed.

C. More guide dogs will be trained in the UK.

D. The project of using guide dogs is to begin.

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Guide dogs are going to be available for the children who are unable to see normally in the UK for the first time, as the age limit is to be removed. The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association is to begin training dogs to help blind people under the age of 16.

The association says too many youngsters with impaired eyesight are lacking in independence. They have only a limited social life because of their disability. Giving some of them guide dogs at a younger age is intended to help them to widen their range of activities and to improve their sense of self-confidence and independence. Guide dogs for these teenagers will begin to be provided from next year. There has been an experimental project to test the use of guide dogs with younger people.

Charlotte, aged 14, was among the youngest guide dog owners. She had been gradually losing her eyesight since the age of eight, and lost her eyesight completely this year. She has been assisted by a two-year-old guide dog. Charlotte used to have a long stick to help her move around, but having a guide dog allows her much more freedom and makes her feel safer.

However, the association says there is a worryingly patchy supply of services for the young blind people across the UK, and it calls for national standards to be introduced. As with adult blind people, only a small number of them are likely to be considered suitable for a guide dog. Most will continue to rely on extra help and training from education and social services.

1. We can learn from the text that owning guide dogs 　　　 .

A. may meet with difficulties sometimes

B. is beneficial to blind children’s development

C. became possible in the UK recently

D. is quite universal in the UK

2.According to the text, Charlotte’s example proves that　　　　 .

A. it is necessary to carry out the experimental project

B. guide dogs can get along well with disabled people

C. the association’s opinion is not quite right

D. youngsters need companions and friends

3.What does the underlined word “patchy” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. Endless.　　 　　 B. Perfect.

C. Inadequate. 　　 D. Diverse.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A. Blind people need guide dogs’ assistance in their daily life.

B. Age limit for the blind to have guide dogs is to be removed.

C. More guide dogs will be trained in the UK.

D. The project of using guide dogs is to begin.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Kids who receive special education are, without doubt, the hardest working children in any school. When they are having difficulty learning basic literacy and number concepts, when they break rules, when they need more services, support and adult attention than their peers, then they are struggling the hardest. In psychology, we are trained to think that if we are feeling angry or confused when sitting with a patient, then we are probably feeling just what our patient is feeling. The same is true for students with disabilities. Whatever we feel when we work with them, they are probably feeling as they work with us.

If you have a disability that affects your education, then you have a brain disorder. Because education, even in mathematics, is largely verbal（用言辞）, most brain disorders responsible for educational disabilities affect language, and how you process words and ideas in written and oral form. To imagine how much effort a child with a language disability spends each school day, imagine yourself attending a school today taught in a language you had a basic understanding of. Imagine though, that while you seem fluent to others, you have trouble when people talk too fast, use idioms or expressions.

When adults and classmates blame, or criticize kids who receive special education, they are struggling with their own confusion. It is difficult to imagine the world as it is lived by someone with an educational disability. It is difficult to understand how someone who can be so "normal" can have so many problems. It is so easy to imagine that if they just tried harder... without understanding that just to do the ordinary, kids with disabilities are making an extraordinary effort.

1.What is the purpose of the author by writing the passage?

A. to introduce how hard to be a special education teacher.

B. to think highly of the children with disabilities.

C. to show the disabled have much trouble in understanding.

D. to call on the society to care for the disabled.

2. If a disabled kid learns number concepts, he __________.

A. won’t work as hard as a normal.

B. will work double as hard as a normal.

C. will be as patient as the normal.

D. will think of his disability first.

3.If a kid has a disability affecting his education, he will ________.

A. have a hard time using the language.

B. be too foolish to learn maths .

C. not understand what others are saying.

D. have a lot of trouble in remembering words.

4.Before you intend to blame a kid receiving special education, __________.

A. you should try to understand what he is saying.

B. you should imagine the world he lives in.

C. you should imagine yourself in his shoes.

D. you should think of the education he has received.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Children who spend more time reading with their parents have a greater chance of becoming better readers than those who don’t. With the help from their parents, children can learn techniques to improve their reading skills.

“A lot of parents think after their child learns to read, they should stop reading to them,” Donna George said. “They are sadly mistaken.”

George offers her services to parents at the Title I Learning Centers. She said reading aloud to children may be the most valuable thing parents can do. “It is better for children to hear things at a higher level than where they are,” George said. “Parents are their child’s first teacher.” Parents help their children build listening, phonics, comprehension and vocabulary skills when they read aloud to them.

Before parents can identify reading problems, they should escape the enemy —television and limit the time their children spend watching television. George suggested not allowing kids to have a TV in their bedrooms, setting a schedule of when kids can watch or keeping a list of how many programs children watch. Louise Joines said while her 14-year-old daughter and 10-year-old son enjoy reading, the television sometimes becomes a distraction. So she tries to build the situation by suggesting books the entire family will enjoy reading together, like the Harry Potter series.

Parents who do not read themselves should not count on their children being interested in it. If parents would read to their children at least 15 minutes every day, children would not have so many problems in school. It is the parents’ job to help build that desire in their children, and of course to know what kind of books to read is also important.

1.According to George, reading aloud to children_______________.

A. helps them correct mistakes

B. is helpful to their reading

C. is parents’ first duty to their children

D. can get children out of television’s attraction

2.The underlined word “distraction”(in Paragraph 4) means something that_________

A. can improve children’s reading

B. can help children’s right way of reading

C. can make children interested in reading

D. stop children from concentrating on reading

3.Which of the following is important according to the fourth paragraph?

A. Reading skills.

B. Reading speed.

C. Reading materials.

D. Reading environment.

4.If the passage is not completed, which of the following can follow the fifth paragraph?

A. Parents choose reading materials for their children.

B. Advice is given to control their children.

C. What TV programs children can watch during reading.

D. How children improve their reading by themselves.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing, Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a US­based pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.

Since the Safe Kids Worldwide was set up in 1987 by Johnson & Johnson in the US, it has contributed to a nearly 40 percent decline in the child death rate from accidental injuries there.Learning from the successful experience, SJJP began the Safe Kids Program in China in 1999.

A recent survey conducted by SJJP and Safe Kids Worldwide China indicates that more than half of the responding parents didn't know how to help their children keep safe and that half of the parents didn't know about their children's motor skill development at different ages.The survey covered 3,359 Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou's parents with children between infancy (幼年) and 14.

Additionally, more than 40 percent of the parents didn't know how to help their children to prepare well for sports activities.For instance, they don't know how to have their children warm up or realize the importance of a playground­check before sports activities.

To help correct the problems, SJJP and Safe Kids Worldwide China have been translating and editing safety education materials, sending them to parents free of charge, and delivering free lectures in kindergartens, schools and residential communities for the last 10 years.

Currently, a special team has been set up and traveling around 12 key cities of China to popularize child sports safety knowledge and offer free training for young parents.

Though SJJP refuses to say how much it has spent on the program, it says the number in terms of money, staff and technology, is large.

SJJP was founded by Johnson & Johnson in 1995 and specializes in manufacturing and development of non­prescription medicines (非处方药) and health care foods and products.So far，its investment has exceeded $41 million.

Title: Safe Kids Program

高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析