Understanding the cultural habits of another ...

Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.

A. the one　　 B. that

C. one　　 D. such

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Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，especially ________containing as many different cultures as America，is a difficult thing.

A．the one　         B．one　         C．it　         D．either

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Understanding________ cultural habits of another nation isdifficult thing．

A．a; the   B．the ; the    C．the; a   D．/; a

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Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.

In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on January 1st. People may go to parties, dress in formal clothes -- like tuxedos (小礼服) and evening gowns, and drink champagne at midnight. During the first minutes of the New Year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the New Year with the first light of the sunrise.

It is also a common Western custom to make a New Year’s promise, called a resolution. New Year’s resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the new year.

Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh (again). Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.

Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas (豇豆) for good luck -- but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!

1.Which culture celebrates New Year in the morning?

A．The United States.   B．Spain.

C．France.      D．The passage doesn’t say.

2.What is a resolution?

A．Something you burn. B．Something you eat.

C．Something you say.   D．Something you wear.

3.What is the topic of the fourth paragraph?

A．Bringing good luck. B．Keeping away bad luck.

C．Planning for the next year. D．Remembering the past.

4.Which is probably true about eating black-eyed peas on New Year?

A．Black-eyed peas taste bad.

B．One pea brings one day of luck.

C．The peas are very difficult to cook.

D．It is bad luck to eat a lot of black-eyed peas.

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This ______ of culture between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking action against them, even banning Romany groups from entering.

A. collision　　　　　　 B. switch

C. surplus　　　　　　　　 D. dimension

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Another man-made wonder of the United States was built long before the nation was established. About 900 years ago, the Ancestral Puebloan people built villages high in the walls of canyons in Colorado, where 600 cliff dwellings are now part of the Mesa Verde National Park.

Visitors can stand at the top of the mesas and look into the dwellings almost hidden in openings of the rock walls. The Puebloan people cut small steps into the rock, which connected buildings containing hundreds of rooms.

The rock walls have protected the buildings from severe weather in the area; therefore, they remain mostly unchanged in the hundreds of years since they were built.

Our final man-made wonder is in the northwestern city of Seattle, Washington. The Space Needle was built as the central structure for the 1962 World's Fair.

The 184-meter-tall structure was designed by Edward Carlson, which has a wide base on the ground, with its middle narrow and a large ring-like structure on top. The structure was meant to look like a "flying saucer," a vehicle that was popular in science fiction space travel stories.  The saucer includes an observation area and eating place. The restaurant slowly turns to provide visitors with a 360 degree view of Seattle.

The Space Needle, only costing about $4,500,000, was not very costly, and was designed and completed in about a year and opened on the first day of the World's Fair.

Today, the Space Needle is the most popular place for visitors to Seattle. And it remains the internationally known symbol of the city.

1.What the passage before this one can be about?

A. Some natural wonders in the world.

B. Sightseeing in the US.

C. Some other artificial wonders in the US.

D. American geography.

2.What does the underlined word “dwelling” mean?

A. village                    B. house                     C. canyon                   D. step

3. Which of the following descriptions about the Space Needle is TRUE?

A. It is a man-made wonder in Washington, D.C..

B. Edward Carlson built the structure.

C. It has a ring-like structure on top.

D. It remains the internationally known symbol of the US.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Visiting the US                        B. Man-made wonders in the US

C. Wonders in the world           D. Famous places in the US

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Understanding Chinese Culture: The Challenge to the West

Late last year, a New Zealand newspaper reported that China was sending 120 doctors to a Pacific island to assist with their community health. A positive action, one might think, but the focus of the story was to ask what China was doing in the Pacific, and how we have failed to the extent that we have allowed this to happen. What are the Chinese doing on “our patch”?

In fact, the rise of China is to a certain degree promoted as a threat. The challenge to the West, then, is to improve an appreciation of what China is. How does China’s cultural heritage present a positive advantage to the world?

To understand this, it is important to consider the foundations of Chinese culture and society. China has more than 5,000 years of uninterrupted cultural development. We at least need to go back 2,500 years to study Taoism, for its cultural and philosophical roots, and Confucius for his social philosophy and influence on society.

Taoism provides us with many aspects of the special nature of Chinese culture and philosophy. The concept of yin and yang in Taoism, which brings us balance through the integration of opposites, is well-known but not fully understood in the West. Chinese medicine, which tends to take a longer time to take effect, with a focus to work in harmony with the body, is to restore imbalance causing diseases rather than targeting only the specific symptom or problem area.

Confucius’ contribution　 to　 Chinese　 society　 also　 provides　 a　 difference　 to　 Western　 society. Eastern society places the community as the most important component of society. In Western society, it is the individual that is considered to be the unit of society, compatible with an objective analysis of issues.

Considering a monkey, cow and banana, which is the odd one out? The vast majority of Chinese will choose the cow because the monkey eats the banana, which gives food to the monkey. Western people invariably choose the banana because they see the objective classification of the monkey and cow. The consideration of these two responses, and extension into deeper philosophical understanding, presents a major difference between Chinese and Western thought.

Therefore, the challenge to the West is to embrace an alternative perspective on issues. It is time　 for Western media to seek a balance in reporting affairs, and critiqu（e It is time for a Chinese voice to be heard in the West. 评判）the Western perspective.

1.The news report in the first paragraph 　　 _.

A. tells a story of Chinese doctors

B. demonstrates the concern of the West

C. stresses the decline of Western culture

D. shows the medical development of China

2.Why is Chinese medicine mentioned in the passage?

A. To help better understand Taoism.

B. To define the concept of yin and yang.

C. To emphasize the contributions of Taoism.

D. To express the author’s pride in Chinese culture.

3.We can learn from the passage that 　　　　　　　　 .

A. Taoism has a greater influence than Confucianism

B. Confucianism finds balance in integrating opposites

C. the West takes China’s cultural heritage as an advantage

D. Eastern society considers community the essential unit of society

4.The author’s purpose of writing the passage is to 　　　　　　　　 .

A. warn the West of the threat of China

B. introduce to the West what China really is

C. recommend the West to accept the rise of China

D. appeal to the West to have an objective attitude to China

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Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.

The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw “. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not. But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing.

“We found that the dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw,” the researchers write. The unrewarded dogs eventually stopped cooperating.

Scientists have long known that humans pay close attention to inequity. But researchers always assumed that animals didn’t share the trait. “The argument was that this is a uniquely human phenomenon,” says Frans de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta.

That changed in 2003 when he and a colleague did a study on monkeys. The monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber in return. They were happy to do this. But if they saw that another monkey was getting a more delicious reward, a grape, for doing the same job, they would throw away the food and rock, and at some point just stopped performing.

In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment. But when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got dark bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that as long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, the animals would play along.

1.How did the dogs in Range’s study react to the order of “giving the paw”?

2. The research by Frans De Waal in 2003 ___________.

3. Some monkeys in the research become angry because they found another monkey _______.

4. Range found that, compared with monkeys, dogs ____________.

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

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People of different countries and regions, different nationalities and cultures have formed with solidarity an Olympic family, ______they have deepened understanding and enhanced friendship.

A. when       B. which      C. that      D. in which

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The National Civil Rights Museum

The National Civil Rights Museum is a word-renowned cultural attraction that draws thousands of visitors each year. This institution examines the civil rights struggles faced by both our city and our nation throughout the history.

The Lorraine Motel:

Today the National civil rights Museum is partially housed in the Lorraine Motel’s history, however is a short and sad one. It opened in 1925 and was originally a “white” establishment. By the end of World War II, however, the motel had become minority-owned. It was for this reason that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. stayed at the Lorraine when he visited Memphis in 1968.Dr.King was assassinated on the balcony of his hotel room on April 4th of that year. Following his death, the motel struggled to remain in business. By 1982,the Lorraine Motel went into foreclosure(抵押品赎回权).

Saving the Lorraine:

With the future of the Lorraine Motel uncertain, a group of local citizens formed the Martin Luther King Memorial Foundation for the only purpose of saving the motel. The group raised money, solicited donations, took out a loan, and partnered Lucky Heart Cosmetics to purchase the motel for $144, 000 when it was up for auction. With the help of the city of Memphis, Shelby County, and the state of Tennessee, enough money was then raised to plan, design, and build what would eventually become the National Civil Rights Museum.

The Birth of the National Civil Rights Museum:

In 1987, construction began in a civil rights center housed within the Lorraine Motel. The center was intended to help its visitors better understand the events of the American Civil Rights Movement. In 1991,the museum opened its doors to the public. Ten years later, the ground was broken again for a multi-million-dollar expansion that would add 12,800 square feet space. The expansion would also connect the museum to the Young and Morrow Building and the Main Street Rooming House where James Earl Ray purportedly fired the shot that killed Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Exhibits: The exhibits at the National Civil Rights Museum illustrate chapters of the fight for civil rights in our country in order to promote better understanding of the struggles involved. Included in the exhibits are photographs, newspaper accounts, and three-dimensional scenes depicting civil rights events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the March on Washington, and the Lunch Counter Sit-Ins.

1.The underlined word “assassinated” (in Paragraph 2) probably means　　　 .

A. arrested.　　 B. murdered.

C. assisted.　　 D. accompanied.

2.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that　　　 .

A. Lucky Hearts Cosmetics tried to build the museum

B. the government was against the plan of the motel

C. the motel was sold in order to raise more money

D. the local people found a memorial foundation to save the motel

3.What probably happened to the National Civil Rights Museum in 2001?

A. An extension was added to the museum.

B. Many visitors traveled to the Lorraine Motel.

C. The civil rights center was built.

D. James Earl Ray killed Dr.Martin Luther King,

4.Which of the following can help visitors to know more about the National Civil Rights Museum?

A. The treasures.　　 B. The souvenirs.

C. The items on display.　　 D. The magazines.

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