Cloning humans has been _____ in the science ...

Cloning humans has been _____ in the science world for many years and it is likely to continue .

A. ridiculous　　 　 B. contemporary

C. controversial　　 D. contradictory

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The world's first-known nursery for baby giant manta rays(蝠鲼) has been discovered hidden away in the Gulf of Mexico, the place of 70 miles off the coast of Texas, after studying decades of giant manta ray data from the area by the scientists.

Where the baby manta rays grow up has long troubled scientists, as they are rarely spotted in the four to five years it takes them to become adults, when they can often grow to more than 20ft wide.

In the study Mr Stewart and colleagues describe a reef (暗礁)---filled with mantas of all ages---where the sea floor runs down into deeper water. He said "We think they may be feeding on specific types of zooplankton(浮游生物) there, then migrating up toward the surface, where we saw them. They might be hanging around the banks because it could be a little safer than open water. We’ve seen them so rarely that we know very little about these baby manta rays. We don‘t know how far they move, or exactly what they feed on, or all of the habitats these access.”

Giant manta rays are listed as species dying out by protectors, although actual population numbers of the mysterious "gentle giant" are hard to calculate. Sightings of the closely-related reef manta, however, have dropped by 90 percent in regions of southeast Asia in the past decade, according to a study.

Fishing is considered the biggest threat to giant manta numbers, both intentional and accidental. Their gill plates(腮下肉)- the parts through which they filter(过滤) their food from seawater-are sold in China for medical purposes, while they often end up as something caught by mistake due to their huge wings.

1.Where do the baby manta rays probably grow up according to the study?

A. In the deep water area.

B. On the surface of the sea water.

C. Around the banks of channel.

D. In the reef of the Gulf of Mexico.

2.What can we learn from Paragraph3?

A. Manta rays can be seen on the sea surface.

B. Manta rays prefer the open water to the banks.

C. The scientists have known much about manta rays.

D. Manta rays are fond of eating on the sea surface.

3.What is the main reason for the decrease of giant manta rays?

A. The habitat environment becomes worse.

B. They are overfished by people

C. They are not very difficult to catch.

D. People can see the reef manta much less than before.

4.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.

B. Warn people of their wrong behaviors.

C. Introduce some knowledge of the fish.

D. Give examples to support his point.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Feeling blue about world? “Cheer up.” Says science writer Matt Ridley．”The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature．”

Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good．And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book．The Rational Optimist．He views mankind as grand enterprise that on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years．He backs his finding with hard facts gathered through years of research．

Here’s how he explains his views．

1) Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone．Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better ears, and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us．This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be．

2）Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper．Take one example．In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work．In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for．In 1950 it was eight seconds．Today it’s half second．

3）Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating（减轻）climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself．A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel（化石燃料）electricity is forbidden by well - meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change．If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose - bleed by putting a tourniquet（止血带）around our necks．

1.What is the theme of Ridley’s most recent book?

A．Weakness of human nature．

B．Concern about climate change．

C．Importance of practical thinking．

D．Optimism about human progress．

2.How does Ridley look at shopping?

A．It encourages the creation of things．

B．It results in shortage of goods．

C．It demands more fossil fuels．

D．It causes a poverty problem．

3.The candle and lamp example is used to show that________．

A．oil lamps give off more light than candles

B．shortening working time brings about a happier life．

C．advanced technology helps to produce better candles．

D．increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods．

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Though great progress has been made in science these years, there are still many people lived in poor conditions. They make their lives by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school because they have not enough money to send their children to there. Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? The answer lies on the population explosion. A　 president of a developing country once said; “It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to ‘produce’ child without limit.” Although this few words sound simple enough, they have clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion.

高二英语短文改错中等难度题查看答案及解析

There are many stories about the Mid-Autumn Festival, 1. has been celebrated in China for centuries. But the most 2.(move) one is the story of Chang’e. It tells after Hou Yi shot down the 3.(nine) suns, a goddess gave him magic medicine to thank him. Hou Yi planned share it 4. his wife, Chang’e .But a bad man, Pang Meng, tried to steal the medicine when Hou Yi 5.(be) out. Chang’e refused to give it to him and then drank it all. She became very light and 6.(fly) up to the moon. Hou Yi was so sad and missed her very much. One night, he found that the moon was so bright and round 7. he could see his wife there. He 8.(quick) laid out her favorite fruits in the garden. 9. he wished that she could come back!

After this, people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing mooncakes that carry 10. (they) wishes to the families they love and miss.

高二英语短文填空困难题查看答案及解析

The groundhog(土拨鼠) has been considered a weather prophet(预言家) for many years in north America. According to legend, all winter long the furry brown groundhog sleeps in his comfortable underground home, or hole. On February 2, he wakes up. The groundhog is very hungry and comes out to search for food. If the sun is shinning, the groundhog will see his own shadow. The sight of his shadow gives him such a fright that he quickly returns to his hole. This event means that spring will not come for six more weeks. If the sun is not shining, there will be no shadow. The groundhog will not be scared and he will stay outside his hole. Spring will come very soon.

The idea that animals could foretell the weather probably began in ancient Europe. At the time, most of the people were farmers and the weather was very important to them. If spring came early they could begin the planting season early and have an early harvest. They found some animals were good weather prophets. On February 2, when they celebrated Candlemas Day, a religious holiday around the time winter ends, all the people watched for an animal leaving its hole. In Germany, farmers watched for a badge. In England farmers looked for a hedgehog（刺猬）. They believed the animals could foretell the weather for the next six weeks.

When the early settlers came to North America there no badgers or hedgehogs near their homes. The farmers did not know when to plant their crops. In time they discovered an animal that left its hole at the end of winter. That animal was the groundhog, also called a woodchuck or a marmot. Every February 2 they watched for a groundhog. Finally, the day came to be called “Groundhog Day”. Many groundhog-watching clubs were formed. The members sometimes dressed in nightshirts and top hats made of silk. They would go to the hills in the dark morning and wait near a groundhog hole. Sometimes the groundhog-watching clubs would have other types of celebrations

1. Which of the following will frighten a groundhog according to Paragraph 1?

A. His own shadow　　　　 　 B. The shining sun

C. The coming spring　　　 D. His underground home

2. According to legend, if it is cloudy on February 2, _____ .

A. spring will come in March

B. winter will end in a short time

C. the groundhog will go on sleeping

D. the groundhog will refuse to go out

3. Why did ancient Europeans watch for animals on Candlemas Day?

A. To amuse themselves.

B. To protect their harvest.

C. To say goodbye to winter.

D. To know when to plant crops.

4. The early North American settlers ____ .

A. wore formal clothes on Groundhog Day

B. tried to catch groundhogs near their homes

C. regarded the groundhog as a weather prophet

D. mistook groundhogs for badgers or hedgehogs

高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

_______cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.

A. While      B. When     C. Since      D. if only

高二英语简单题查看答案及解析

For years, there has been a prejudice against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家). In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments which are given the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”

The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments the tools of psychology bring more lasting benefits than drugs.

You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.

Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker from the University of Wisconsin, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”. Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment.”

When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice(诊所) found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path despite the fact that insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself.”

1.Many clinical psychologists fail to provide the most effective treatments because ________.

A. they are unfamiliar with their patients　　 B. they believe in science and evidence

C. they rely on their personal experiences　　 D. they depend on their colleagues’ help

2.The widening gap between clinical practice and science is due to _______.

A. the cruel judgment by Walter Mischel

B. the great progress that has been made in psychological research

C. the fact that most patients get better after being treated

D. the fact that patients prefer to take drugs rather than have other treatments

3.How do clinical psychologists respond when accused that their treatments are not supported by science?

A. They feel embarrassed.　　 B. They doubt their treatments.

C. They are disappointed.　　 D. They try to defend themselves.

4.According to the passage, what is Mischel’s attitude towards psychology?

A. Negative.　　 B. Neutral.　　 C. Indifferent.　　 D. Positive.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

DNA is one of the most important discoveries in science. DNA is the plan for the human being, as a blueprint is the plan for a building. DNA makes a person look the way he does. A person’s DNA comes from a mixing of his parents’ DNA. That’s why a child looks like his parents. But, besides controlling things such as height and hair color, DNA can also give people diseases. Scientists are now studying DNA to cure diseases.

In the seventies, scientists developed a process called recombinant or RDNA. Although it sounds difficult to understand, RDNA simply means taking DNA from one animal or plant and putting it into another. By doing so, scientists can create new beings. In doing so, scientists can better understand DNA, especially what parts of DNA do what. After they understand DNA, scientists can begin to cure diseases. Often, the new being created will itself be the cure.    Besides curing diseases, RDNA research can also do other things. For example, scientists in Japan have already created “super-trees”. Trees help humans, because they take CO₂, which poisons humans, from the air and turns it into oxygen, which lets humans breathe. “Super-trees” do this too, but do it much faster. As things such as cars and factories have already put much CO₂ in the area, “super-trees” are badly needed.

Unfortunately, there is a serious danger in RDNA research. Scientists want to create animals to cure old diseases, but these new animals may also create new diseases. It will be a serious problem if the animals escape from the science laboratory and into nature. As these animals are not natural, they may let loose many new powerful diseases.

As a result, RDNA research will create many solutions, but it will also create many problems.

1. From the passage, we can know that a boy looks like his parents because______.

A. he is son of his parents.

B. his parents’ DNA decides his appearance.

C. he has received DNA from his father or his mother.

D. scientists have put some of his parents’ DNA into him.

2.What does the underlined expression “let loose” probably mean?

A. let … go free                B. get rid of

C. absorb                     D. survive

3. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The DNA Research in Japan

B. A New Way of DNA Research in Japan.

C. The Causes and Effects of DNA Research

D. The Advantages And Disadvantages of RDNA

4. The following statements are true about RDNA research EXCEPT ______.

A. the research has been stopped because the created animals carry viruses

B. “super-trees” might be widely planted around the world

C. scientists have not completely understood DNA

D. RDNA research will benefit human beings a lot

5.You might find this passage in / on a ________.

A. fashion magazine   B. novel    C. scientific newspaper  D. sports newspaper

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Science and technology have advanced at such a rate that cloning has now become a reality. The possibility of cloning humans is a serious issue(争论点) and raises ethical(伦理的) questions. In my opinion, cloning is useful for research into cures for disease. However, I think that it needs to be approached with caution and carefully monitored by governments.

Research into cloning and stem(严格的) cell production is primarily aimed at finding new treatments for currently incurable illnesses. While this would improve the quality of life for many, not enough is understood about what effects cloning would have on the world in the future. This is primarily because we do not understand enough about the results of cloning and both the physical and psychological effects that it is likely to have on cloned humans and on the rest of the world. Furthermore, it is thought that a cloned human would be unlikely to survive birth and would suffer from complications(并发症) resulting from malformed(畸形) organs .

There are also serious ethical issues in danger. In essence(在本质上), those who are against cloning would argue that scientists have no right to play God and to interfere(干扰)with natural processes. Producing embryos for the purpose of harvesting stem cells for research presents important questions about the nature and status of the embryo being produced. It may also make us question whether throwing it away after use reduces the value we place on human life.

In conclusion, I do not agree that research into cloning using human embryos should continue. This is not only because it may reduce the value we place on human life, but also because not enough is known about the effects.　　 However, I do think that if there is a way to produce stem cells using cloning which does not put human life at risk, then governments should continue to support it.

1.What is the writer’s general opinion on cloning?

A. It is useful in every area of research.

B. It needs to be carefully controlled by governments.

C. It is useful for research into cures for disease if it is controlled.

D. It is only useful for research into cures for disease.

2.The underlined word “approach” in the first paragraph means “______”

A. reach a high level or amount　　 B. move forward

C. come near　　 D. deal with

3.The writer’s main reason against cloning is that ______.

A. not enough is known about the effects of cloning

B. a cloned human would be likely to die of malformed organs

C. cloning has negative physical and psychological effects on clones

D. it would affect the quality of life for many

4.In the last paragraph, the writer thinks governments should______

A. not put human life at risk

B. support all forms of research into stern cell production

C. not support any form of research into stern cell production

D. support research into stern cell production harmless to humans life

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析