I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes(基因) on and had genes off.
In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only “reads” the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions? It’s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
Sleep restriction(six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these, 220 genes were down regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes(糖尿病). One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin(胰岛素) and is linked to diabetes and insomnia(失眠). The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
1.What kind of relation is directly discussed in the passage?
A. Sleeping hours and changes of genes.
B. Sleeping hours and diseases.
C. Changes of genes and diseases.
D. Genes and health.
2.What can we learn about Professor Derk-Jan Kijk’s experiment?
A. The experiment was carried out to find the answer to how genes affect sleep.
B. The experiment took a period of more than two weeks to reach a conclusion.
C. His volunteers were divided into two groups with two different sleeping patterns.
D. Blood samples of the volunteers were checked afterwards to decide how many genes changed in sleeping.
3.Which of the following may be concluded from the passage?
A. The experiment was performed at the University of Surrey in early 2013.
B. Body-clock genes are associated with heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.
C. Sleep restrictions may contribute to disease like diabetes, insomnia, and heart disease.
D. 7.5-8 hours’ sleep pattern makes little difference compared with 6.5-7 hours’ sleep pattern.
4.Which of the following can be inferred from the findings of the sleep research?
A. When there is a sleep restriction, genes to do with cell repair and replacement function less.
B. In a sleep, several hundred genes change in the amount. The more changes, the worse results.
C. When genes are up regulated, they do good to health; when genes are down regulated , they do harm to health.
D. Eight hours of sleep a day can be beneficial to our health in that it looks after our genes.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
I’ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes(基因) on and had genes off.
In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only “reads” the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions? It’s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
Sleep restriction(six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these, 220 genes were down regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes(糖尿病). One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin(胰岛素) and is linked to diabetes and insomnia(失眠). The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
1.What kind of relation is directly discussed in the passage?
A. Sleeping hours and changes of genes.
B. Sleeping hours and diseases.
C. Changes of genes and diseases.
D. Genes and health.
2.What can we learn about Professor Derk-Jan Kijk’s experiment?
A. The experiment was carried out to find the answer to how genes affect sleep.
B. The experiment took a period of more than two weeks to reach a conclusion.
C. His volunteers were divided into two groups with two different sleeping patterns.
D. Blood samples of the volunteers were checked afterwards to decide how many genes changed in sleeping.
3.Which of the following may be concluded from the passage?
A. The experiment was performed at the University of Surrey in early 2013.
B. Body-clock genes are associated with heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.
C. Sleep restrictions may contribute to disease like diabetes, insomnia, and heart disease.
D. 7.5-8 hours’ sleep pattern makes little difference compared with 6.5-7 hours’ sleep pattern.
4.Which of the following can be inferred from the findings of the sleep research?
A. When there is a sleep restriction, genes to do with cell repair and replacement function less.
B. In a sleep, several hundred genes change in the amount. The more changes, the worse results.
C. When genes are up regulated, they do good to health; when genes are down regulated , they do harm to health.
D. Eight hours of sleep a day can be beneficial to our health in that it looks after our genes.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式,
For those lacking sleep at night, a nap (小睡) can often be the perfect solution. Naps improve your performance, which is why you feel1.(refresh) after taking one. The length of your nap 2.(determine) the benefits. A 20-minute nap is the most 3.(suit) to improve moving skills and attention, while an hour to 90 minutes of napping helps solve creative problems. Just set an alarm4.(get) the right amount of sleep.
Regular, short naps can help relieve tension, which decreases your risk of heart disease. Get the most health benefits 5.your nap by doing it right. Stick to a regular napping schedule during right6.(hour), between 1:00 pm and 3:00 pm. The time is right for a nap as it is usually after lunch, 7.your blood sugar and energy starts to dip. So, keep shut-eye short and nap in a dark room as soon as possible during this period.
As anyone suffering from 8.sleepless night knows, it’s hard to be happy the next day. Napping can help erase the bad mood for lack of sleeping. A short nap is a 9.(wise) choice than drinking black coffee, since10. (take) caffeine in the afternoon or evening can badly affect your nighttime sleep.
高二英语语法填空简单题查看答案及解析
---Does tiredness or inadequate sleep cause dark circles under eyes?
---Lack of sleep will _______ making your skin look pale , and this will make your circles look darker.
A. come up B. show up C. end up D. take up
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
---Does tiredness or inadequate sleep cause dark circles under eyes?
---Lack of sleep will _______ making your skin look pale, and this will make your circles look darker.
A. come up B. show up C. end up D. take up
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
According to a recent survey, homework is what students most often ________ for their lack of sleep.
A. blame B. remind
C. accuse D. suspect
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Did you ever wonder how some of your favorite foods, products or toys came about? Believe it or not, they may have been an accident, or a failure of some other intention. Below, we found three mistakes we’re thankful for turned out to be what they are.
1. Most historians hold that the Chinese invented fireworks in the 9th century when they
discovered how to make gunpowder. Story has it that a Chinese cook accidentally mixed together what were then considered common kitchen items and noticed they burnt. When put tightly in a bamboo tube and lit, it blew up.
2. In May of 1886, a law led John Pemberton, a pharmacist(药剂师), to rewrite the formula(配方) for "Pemberton’s French Wine Coca,” his popular headache treatment. Containing sugar instead of wine as a sweetener, the outcome became something for Coke, which was later mixed with carbonated water. His bookkeeper suggested the name Coca-Cola because he thought the two C’s would look good together, which is how what we call Coca-Cola, a world –wide drink came into being.
3. During World War II, scientists at the University of Birmingham invented the magnetron—an important heat-producing part of the microwave oven(微波炉). While working for Raytheon Corporation after the war, the American engineer Percy Spencer was testing the magnetron when a chocolate bar in his pocket melted. He went on to test other foods including popcorn kernels, and found it to be a much more efficient way to cook. In 1947 Raytheon came out with the first restaurant microwave oven, which was six feet tall and weighed 750 lbs.
1.The right time order of the three inventions, according to the passage, should be_________.
A. fireworks, the microwave and Coca-Cola
B. fireworks ,Coca-Cola and the microwave
C. Coca-Cola , fireworks and the microwave
D. the microwave, Coca-Cola and fireworks
2.Percy Spencer found the microwave efficient in cooking when he was _______.
A. looking for a way to melt his chocolate
B. trying to know how a magnetron could cook
C. working to know how the magnetron works
D. asked to invent a restaurant microwave oven
3.What can we learn from the above invention stories?
A. Experiments make great inventors of our time.
B. Nothing is impossible if one tries each day.
C. Inventors come out of hard work at any time.
D. A small incident may lead to a great invention.
4.What’s the best title for the passage?
A. What great inventions they are! B. Inventions from Three Countries.
C. Stories of Accidental Inventions. D. The Human Inventions of time.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
– How did you find the film Avatar?
– _____. I can’t think too highly of it.
A. It’s really wonderful B. It all depends
By chance D. It makes no sense
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
– How did you find the film Avatar?
– _____. I can’t think too highly of it.
A. It’s really wonderful B. It all depends
By chance D. It makes no sense
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
—Hi, Mrs. Green! How was your trip to the United States?
—It was wonderful! 1.
— 2.
—I was there for half a month..
—Great! 3.
—Yes, it’s a glamorous and exciting city.
—_4.
—The city is the main business and cultural centre in the Midwest. It’s famous for its music opera and theatres as well as for its excellent museums.
5. .
Yes, sure. What would you like to know?
高二英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Laziness is a mental state of an individual when it lacks energy or the desire to perform tasks. __1.__ . Here are some tips for overcoming it.
____2.___. An effective trick that helps you fight laziness effectively is to start with the simple things first. That will slowly but surely break your inner resistance.
Step by step. Breaking down tasks into small steps helps us to reduce the pressure of deadlines and keep us motivated. ____3.____.
Make a to-do list. ____4.____. A to-do list can help us to realize that it often looks like more work than it actually is. When you create your to-do list, make sure to arrange the tasks from the easiest one to the more difficult one, which helps you to start with the simple things first.
Remove distractions. Distractions are often the source for our laziness. We are often attracted by the distractions(TV, internet, etc.) as we perform our tasks. ___5._. Make sure that once you have started with one of your tasks, you will not get distracted form it by any means.
Remember, every time you manage to overcome laziness, reward yourself.
A. Therefore, perform your tasks one after another in a relaxed way.
B. Simple things first.
C. It can have a number of negative effects on a person.
D. Whatever it is that distracts you, remove it!
E. It is important that you focus your mind on the benefits, not on the difficulties.
F. Sometimes we find ourselves in a situation with a pile of work.
G. Regard a task as an exercise.
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析