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Tobacco has long been recognized as a huge health threat. It is known to cause lung and heart problems to many long-term users. According to the World Health Organization, 3,000,000 people die early each year because of tobacco use, including 890,000 deaths from second-hand smoke exposure.
E-cigarettes, an alternative (替代品) to smoking, have become popular. Also known as vaporizers (汽化器), they are electric devices that heat liquid nicotine into a vapor that can he taken in. This vapor is less harmful to inhale than smoke. For example, it does not produce tar (焦油), which can build up in a smoker’s lungs. Inhaling vapor - called vaping - is not without its own risks, however. Exposure to nicotine during youth can lead to addiction and cause long-term harm to brain development. The vapor may also contain harmful things. The Center for Disease Control has linked vaping to more than 805 cases of lung disease and 12 deaths so far in the US.
Vaping has greatly increased in popularity in the US, especially among teenagers. About 37 % of US high school seniors were reported vaping in 2018, up from 28% the year before, Harvard Health Publishing reported. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, listed 3 reasons that contributed to vaping’s popularity among young people. First, many teens eve that vaping is less harmful than smoking. Second, ecigarettes have a lower per-use cost than traditional cigrattes. Finally, e-cigarettes come in a wide range of sweet flavors, like apple pie and watermelon.
Blaha is most concerned that more teenagers are taking up vaping as a habit. “It’s one thing if you change from cigarette smoking to vaping. It’s quite another thing to start up nicotine use with vaping. And, it often leads to using traditional tobacco products down the road,” he said.
Governments around the world the divided about vaping. 39 countries and regions have banned the sale of e-cigarettes, according to the Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018. Last September, US President Donald Trump said the use of e-cigarettes might be negatively affecting young people and that it should be kept off the market until proved harmless.
1.The underlined word “inhale” in Paragraph 2 probably means “__________”.
A.blow away B.spread out
C.give off D.breathe in
2.In what way are e-cigarettes different from traditional tobacco products?
A.E-cigarettes do not produce tar.
B.E-cigarettes are not bad to smokers’ health.
C.E-cigarettes are less likely to cause nicotine addiction.
D.E-cigarettes do more harm to smokers’ brains than their lungs.
3.Why is vaping popular with young people according to Blaha?
A.Vaping is allowed at school.
B.Vaping makes them look cool.
C.They like the liquid taken from fruits.
D.They think it’s safer and cheaper than smoking.
4.What can we learn from Blaha’s words in Paragraph 4?
A.Those who smoke e-cigarettes tend to smoke tobacco later.
B.Vaping is more likely to attract teenagers than older people.
C.It usually takes a long time for smokers to enjoy e-cigarettes.
D.E-cigarettes should be encouraged to replace traditional tobacco products.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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In recent decades, social isolation has been recognized as a major risk to our health and long life. It’s twice as bad for you as being overweight and nearly as bad as smoking. The rising number of people who say they are affected, across a wide range of ages, is shocking. In reality, you can suffer the ill effects of loneliness even if you are not socially isolated.
Comedian Robin Williams made a striking observation in 2014: “I used to think the worst thing in life was to end up all alone. It’s not. The worst thing in life is to end up with people who make you feel all alone.” Tracking large groups over time indicates that perceived（感知的）social isolation carries its own risk for morbidity（发病率）and mortality.
The perception of isolation—from others of being in the social aspect—is not only a cause of unhappiness, it also signals danger. Fish have evolved to swim to the middle of their group when predators（捕食者）approach, mice housed in social isolation show sleep disruptions and reduced slow-wave sleep and prairie voles（田鼠）isolated from their partners then placed in an open field explore their surroundings less and concentrate on avoiding predators.
These behaviours reflect an increased emphasis on self-preservation in the social aspect. For instance, fish on the edge of a school are more likely to be attacked by predators because they are easier to isolate and prey upon. Such observations reflect a more general principle that perceived social isolation in social animals activates neural（神经系统的）, neuroendocrine （神经内分泌的）and behavioural responses that promote short-term self-preservation. However, these responses bring a cost for long-term health and well-being.
The range of harmful neural and behavioural effects of perceived isolation documented in adults include increased anxiety, hostility and social withdrawal; fragmented sleep and daytime tiredness; increased vascular resistance and changed gene expression and immunity; decreased impulse control; increased negativity and depressive symptoms; and increased age-related cognitive decline.
Sadly, to date, attempts to reduce loneliness have met with limited success. A series of randomized controlled trials showed that they had only a small effect. Among the four types of interventions（介人）examined, talking therapy that focused on inappropriate thought processes had the largest impact. Social skills training, social support and increased opportunities for social contact were much less effective.
1.What can we learn about social isolation from the first paragraph?
A. It exists mainly among adults.
B. More and more people are suffering it.
C. Its effect is more serious than smoking.
D. It’s the worst risk to our health and long life.
2.During perceived social isolation, animals will suffer bad health for ________.
A. focusing more on their own safety
B. being separated from their partners
C. adapting to the new surroundings
D. worrying about their lack of food
3.The fifth paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. causes of perceived isolation.
B. treatments for perceived isolation
C. bad effects of perceived isolation
D. the definition of perceived isolation
4.What is the most effective in helping suffers of perceived social isolation?
A. Giving them strong social support.
B. Communicate more and better with them.
C. Get them to attend some training courses.
D. Enlarge their circles of social network.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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In recent decades, social isolation has been recognized as a major risk to our health and long life. It’s twice as bad for you as being overweight and nearly as bad as smoking. The rising number of people who say they are affected, across a wide range of ages, is shocking. In reality, you can suffer the ill effects of loneliness even if you are not socially isolated.
Comedian Robin Williams made a striking observation in 2014: “I used to think the worst thing in life was to end up all alone. It’s not. The worst thing in life is to end up with people who make you feel all alone.” Tracking large groups over time indicates that perceived（感知的）social isolation carries its own risk for morbidity（发病率）and mortality.
The perception of isolation—from others of being in the social aspect-is not only a cause of unhappiness, it also signals danger. Fish have evolved to swim to the middle of their group when predators（捕食者）approach, mice housed in social isolation show sleep disruptions and reduced slow-wave sleep and prairie voles（田鼠）isolated from their partners then placed in an open field explore their surroundings less and concentrate on avoiding predators.
These behaviours reflect an increased emphasis on self-preservation in the social aspect. For instance, fish on the edge of a school are more likely to be attacked by predators because they are easier to isolate and prey upon. Such observations reflect a more general principle that perceived social isolation in social animals activates neural（神经系统的）, neuroendocrine（神经内分泌的）and behavioural responses that promote short-term self-preservation. However, these responses bring a cost for long-term health and well-being.
The range of harmful neural and behavioural effects of perceived isolation documented in adults include increased anxiety, hostility and social withdrawal; fragmented sleep and daytime tiredness; increased vascular resistance and changed gene expression and immunity; decreased impulse control; increased negativity and depressive symptoms; and increased age-related cognitive decline.
Sadly, to date, attempts to reduce loneliness have met with limited success. A series of randomized controlled trials showed that they had only a small effect. Among the four types of interventions（介入）examined, talking therapy that focused on inappropriate thought processes had the largest impact. Social skills training, social support and increased opportunities for social contact were much less effective.
1.What can we learn about social isolation from the first paragraph?
A. It exists mainly among adults.
B. It’s the worst risk to our health and long life.
C. Its effect is more serious than smoking.
D. More and more people are suffering it.
2.During perceived social isolation, animals will suffer bad health for ________.
A. focusing more on their own safety B. being separated from their partners
C. adapting to the new surroundings D. worrying about their lack of food
3.The fifth paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. causes of perceived isolation. B. treatments for perceived isolation
C. bad effects of perceived isolation D. the definition of perceived isolation
4.What is the most effective in helping suffers of perceived social isolation?
A. Giving them strong social support.
B. Communicate more and better with them.
C. Get them to attend some training courses.
D. Enlarge their circles of social network.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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Scotland has long been characterized as a land of romance. It contains ruins of many ancient castles and abbeys，and there is an attractive beauty in its mountains，long deep valleys，and ribbon lakes.Each year those things attract a great number of tourists.
Numerous islands line the coast.In the north are two large groups，the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands.Close to the west coast are the Inner and Outer Hebrides groups，and the islands of Arran and Bute.
The land may be divided into three regions: the Highlands in the north，the Central Lowlands and the Southern Uplands.
The Highlands are wild and picturesque(如画的)． A long valley called Glenmore crosses the Highlands from southwest to northeast.
In the south of the Highlands are the Grampian Mountains，highest in the British Isles. Ben Nevis，the highest peak，rises to 1,243 meters.Ben Lomond rises from the shore of Loch Lomond，Scotland's largest freshwater lake.
The Central Lowlands run from southwest to northeast and the greatest length is nearly 145 kilometers.The soil here is fertile，and there are four coalfields underlying the area.In the east is Edinburgh，Scotland's historic capital city，and in the west is Glasgow. Almost 90 percent of Scotland's population live in the Lowlands.
In the Southern Uplands, the hills are generally less than 600 meters high. Their rounded or flat tops are often capped with dark peat(泥炭). Along the slopes are plants like grass and heather(石南花).
1.According to the text, all the following things attract many tourists to Scotland EXCEPT ________.
A．ruins of ancient castles and abbeys
B．mountains and valleys
C．various animals and plants
D．ribbon lakes
2.From the passage we know that ________.
A．Scotland's islands mainly lie in the north
B．the Highlands have rich soil
C．Ben Lomond is near Scotland's largest freshwater lake
D．the Shetland Islands lie on the west coast of Scotland
3.Most Scottish people live in ________.
A．the Highlands B．the Central lowlands
C．the Southern Uplands D．the Orkney Islands
4.The author's aim of writing this passage is ________.
A．to attract people to visit Scotland
B．to describe the beautiful scenery of Scotland
C．to show people the history of Scotland
D．to introduce Scotland generally
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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People have been talking about health for a long time because people know the importance of it. People's understanding of health also becomes deeper with the progress in scientific research. Recently the term "health" has come to have a wider meaning than it used to. It no longer means just the absence of illness. Today, health means the well-being of your body, your mind and your relationship with other people. This new concept of health is closely related to another term-quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.
Why has the emphasis of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect. Medical advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives. Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900. You could have expected on average to live until about the age of 47. In contrast, if you were born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75.
1.________ leads to people's deeper understanding of health.
A.Common knowledge B.Better conditions of living
C.Progress in scientific research D.Quality of life
2.According to the passage, to people of today, health means ________.
A.absence of illness B.overall satisfaction with life
C.good conditions of living D.a long life
3.The emphasis of health has shifted nowadays because _________.
A.people enjoy better conditions of living and they can live longer
B.people pay more attention to their physical health, not their mental health
C.people have realized the importance of mental well-being
D.people are inspired by medical advances
4.This passage is mainly about __________.
A.different understandings of the term "health"
B.improving the quality of life
C.the importance of quality living
D.people's expectations of a long and healthy life
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
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People have been talking about health for a long time because people know the importance of it. People's understanding of health also becomes deeper with the progress in scientific research. Recently the term "health" has come to have a wider meaning than it used to. It no longer means just the absence of illness. Today, health means the well-being of your body, your mind and your relationship with other people. This new concept of health is closely related to another term-quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.
Why has the emphasis of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect. Medical advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives. Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900. You could have expected on average to live until about the age of 47. In contrast, if you were born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75.
1.________ leads to people's deeper understanding of health.
A．Common knowledge
B．Progress in scientific research
C．Better conditions of living
D．Quality of life
2.The emphasis of health has shifted nowadays because _________.
A．people enjoy better conditions of living and they can live longer
B．people pay more attention to their physical health, not their mental health
C．people have realized the importance of mental well-being
D．people are inspired by medical advances
3.We can infer from the passage __________.
A．nowadays the emphasis of health has a broader focus because of improvements in the quality of food
B．the overall quality of people's lives improved greatly in the 20th century
C．those who never fall ill are the truly healthy people
D．those who were born before 1900 could not have lived until now
4.This passage is mainly about __________.
A．different understandings of the term "health"
B．improving the quality of life
C．the importance of quality living
D．people's expectations of a long and healthy life
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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To be clear, plastic bags are rightly thought of as a threat that's harmful to human health. According to the National Resources Defense Council, over a decade ago, the average American family took home almost 1,500 plastic shopping bags a year, filling our cabinets, kitchen drawers, and landfills (垃圾填埋场). Today the numbers are slightly better: According to National Geographic, as of 2018, shoppers in the United States use almost one plastic bag per resident per day.
This is not a story on the evil of plastics, but on whether the reusable bag can justify its existence. Although more environmentally friendly than traditional single-use plastic bags, reusable bags, depending on what they are made of, are more energy-intensive (耗能) to recycle.
According to a report by the United Nations Environment Program, “depending on what they are made of, reusable bags might have to be deconstructed in a costly recycling process to separate the different materials. As a result, in many cases, reusable bags are not recycled." That means despite the best intentions, millions of reusable bags designed to replace the need for traditional plastic shopping bags, will also end up in landfills.
Another point to consider, not all reusable bags are equal in terms of their recyclability. There are a wide range of reusable bag options on the market, and reusable bags tend to be made of more than one material to give the bag added reinforcement (耐用) and added street fashion. On a life cycle basis, stronger, heavier bags-no matter what material they are made of-will have a more severe environmental effect. That's because heavier bags use more resources to produce as well as distribute.
Just like plastic bags did, reusable bags multiply rapidly. Used for promotional (促销的)purposes and marketing of all kinds, reusable bags' growing popularity means bags that have been used very little (or not at all) can be found piled in streets, in garbage cans in city parks, and basically everywhere. Therefore, consumers have come to see them as disposable, defeating their very purpose.
In the end, the best practice for reusable bags is to have no half measures: Either use them all the time or don't use them at all. Using a reusable bag once or twice, and then throwing it away, doesn't do the environment any favors.
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Plastic bags are refused by environmentalists.
B.Shops in America have limited the use of plastic bags.
C.The need of strong and fashionable reusable bags is more than the supply.
D.Reusable bags demand more resources to produce and recycle than expected.
2.The words “very purpose" in Paragraph 6 refer to the intention of __________.
A.being left in landfills
B.being used as much as possible
C.replacing plastic bags
D.promoting goods on the market
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.How to Recycle Reusable Bags
B.Disadvantages of Plastic Bags
C.Reusable Bags? Think Twice!
D.Plastic Bags, Less Popular?
4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A.
B.
C.
D.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Loneliness has been linked to depression(抑郁) and other health problems. Now, a study says it can also spread. A friend of a lonely person was fifty-two percent more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. And a friend of that friend was twenty-five percent more likely to do the same.
Earlier findings showed that happiness, obesity(肥胖) and the ability to stop smoking can also spread like infections within social groups. The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham, Massachusetts.
The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease. Since then, more tests have been added, including measures of loneliness and depression.
The new findings involved more than five thousand people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study. The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness. The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends.
For example, loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors. The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together. The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men.
The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about forty-eight days a year. The study found that having a lonely friend can add about seventeen days. But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by two and a half days.
Lonely people become less and less trusting of others. This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends—and more likely that society will reject(排斥) them.
John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study. He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness. He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks.
1.As an average person, if you make 2 more common friends, how many days a year might you suffer from loneliness?
A. 48 days B. 43 days C. 65 days D. 17 days
2.What can we infer from the passage about lonely people?
A. They can overcome loneliness themselves
B. They will decrease loneliness day by day.
C. They need help to get back to normal social life
D. They can help others to repair their social networks
3.What's the best way to help lonely people according to this passage?
A. Bring them together. B. Make friends with them.
C. Help them stop smoking. D. Help them lose weight
4.Which of the following would be the topic of the passage?
A. Loneliness and social network B. Social Networks and friendship
C. Loneliness and diet. D. Help A Lonely Person
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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It has been proved that taking exercise ________ does good to one’s health.
A. mostly B. formally C. regularly D. publicly
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
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Market analysts in the United States have recently been quoted as saying that the biggest threat to the luxury (奢侈品) industry in the US is the tech industry. This is according to an article by fellow journalist Ashley Lutz. Her suggestion is sound. The main idea of her article is that products from Tiffany & Co. find their biggest competition not from other luxury brands but from companies like Apple. Lutz points out that luxury products are often only for “show,” while the attraction behind tech products is functionality.
You find few people in the United States today willing to purchase luxury goods at full price. It didn’t use to be that way. Luxury goods used to be actually exclusive. That meant you needed to travel to the right store to purchase them, and you didn’t even have the option of getting a deal.
Today, no one wants to pay full price for luxury goods. People have the unfortunate belief that fakes (赝品) somehow are equal to originals, and if you can’t get a deal on eBay, Amazon, or in an outlet store, purchasing a luxury product probably isn’t worth it. Luxury brands struggle to remain high-end (高档的) images despite the reality that the American consumer is motivated much more by discounts than they are by brand names or image.
Yet people stand in line to pay full price for a new product from Apple and crowds gather to hear about a new smart phone. While electronics are updating every day, people are purchasing technology at full prices much more than they are purchasing luxury goods. What are high-tech makers doing right that luxury makers are pitifully failing at?
Carefully looking at the situation, it would appear as if the Internet didn’t hurt the luxury industry, expectation from the consumers did. What people want these days more than anything is stuff that does something. They want cars that drive, shoes that are comfortable, games that are fun to play, screens that are beautiful to look at, tools that are useful, and entertainment that is entertaining. Little of that fits into what the luxury industry has typically offered with its status, image, and fine materials. The sad reality is that luxury products aren’t that luxury any more.
1.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. Nobody likes luxury goods any more.
B. Tech products become the new “luxury goods”.
C. Luxury goods are of poor quality nowadays.
D. Iphones have taken the place of luxury products.
2. The underlined word “exclusive” in paragraph 2 means _______.
A. easy to sell
B. low in price
C. hard to find
D. unique and with no bargain
3.What do people pay most attention to nowadays?
A. The function of products.
B. The images of luxuries.
C. The Internet service.
D. The expectation from the consumers.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析