Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.
Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?
Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).
Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help. All the examples are what we call the bystander effect, the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present.
Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.
Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.
1.What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A.Social scientists feel it hard to understand why helping behaviors exist.
B.Helping behaviors are costly to people who receive the action.
C.Social scientists have been researching on prosocial behavior for quite long.
D.It is quite challenging for people to perform helping behaviors.
2.Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ______.
A.empathy for another individual B.instant benefits of helping others
C.parental influences in the early life D.the desire to better one's self-image
3.Why does the author use the examples in paragraph 4?
A.To show that some people are in need of immediate help.
B.To indicate that some people think their help is not needed.
C.To suggest that some people perform helping behaviors quickly.
D.To demonstrate how the situation can impact helping behaviors.
4.Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?
A.When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn't take action.
B.Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help.
C.A woman had a heart attack on the train and you were the only doctor there.
D.On the scene of your colleague's traffic accident, you called the police for help.
5.After the last paragraph, the most possible topic could be ______.
A.possible benefits of prosocial behavior
B.various reasons for prosocial behavior
C.situational influences on prosocial behavior
D.skills and knowledge to provide assistance
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.
Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?
Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's self-image), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).
Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help. All the examples are what we call the bystander effect, the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present.
Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.
Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.
1.What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A.Social scientists feel it hard to understand why helping behaviors exist.
B.Helping behaviors are costly to people who receive the action.
C.Social scientists have been researching on prosocial behavior for quite long.
D.It is quite challenging for people to perform helping behaviors.
2.Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ______.
A.empathy for another individual B.instant benefits of helping others
C.parental influences in the early life D.the desire to better one's self-image
3.Why does the author use the examples in paragraph 4?
A.To show that some people are in need of immediate help.
B.To indicate that some people think their help is not needed.
C.To suggest that some people perform helping behaviors quickly.
D.To demonstrate how the situation can impact helping behaviors.
4.Which situation can be described as the bystander effect?
A.When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn't take action.
B.Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help.
C.A woman had a heart attack on the train and you were the only doctor there.
D.On the scene of your colleague's traffic accident, you called the police for help.
5.After the last paragraph, the most possible topic could be ______.
A.possible benefits of prosocial behavior
B.various reasons for prosocial behavior
C.situational influences on prosocial behavior
D.skills and knowledge to provide assistance
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”, intending to _______ on us the significance of being independent.
A. base B. impress
C. focus D. rely
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”, intending to _______ on us the significance of being independent.
A. base B. impress C. focus D. rely
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”, intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.
A．base B．impress C．focus D．rely
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
完形填空
It’s easy to see how to help some people, but what about those whose needs are not so obvious? This story may have happened a while back, but it was a _________which has stayed with me and helped me ever since.
It was Thanksgiving, and I was _________ with my parents at a shelter for the needy. We were standing behind the counter _________ hot food to whoever came in. Most of our _________ looked like they had been having hard times; their clothes were worn out and dirty. _________ , they looked needy! Then, a man came in, who looked _________ but needy. He was well-dressed, in a(n) _________ suit. I wondered what he was doing there, and my jaw (下巴) dropped in _________ when he joined the line for _________ . The closer he came to my _________ station, the more I muttered (嘀咕) to my self. What was this man doing? I wanted to know. Surely he wasn’t going to take food _________ for those who were really in need!
Then my mother quietly took me to one side. She said, “You have _________ that the needs of the people who come here must be purely _________ : for food, shelter, clothing, etc. And this gentleman doesn’t seem to have any of those problems. _________ what if his needs are emotional? What if he needs _________, friends, or just to be among other human beings?” Her words hit me like a ton of bricks! I felt I should _________ to the man — but I didn’t.
About a week later the shelter received a large _________ from an anonymous(匿名的) source. I couldn’t help but _________ if it came from that man.
Now, _________ I meet someone I remember my mother’s lesson and try to keep an open mind, regardless of how they _________ . Needs aren’t always visible. But kindness always makes a difference.
1.A. passion B. feeling C. challenge D. lesson
2.A. impressing B. volunteering C. blessing D. contacting
3.A. serving B. cooking C. working D. carrying
4.A. visitors B. friends C. diners D. consumers
5.A. In detail B. In short C. In surprise D. In general
6.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
7.A. cheap B. shabby C. expensive D. ordinary
8.A. amazement B. delight C. amusement D. satisfaction
9.A. food B. clothing C. money D. room
10.A. information B. rescue C. employment D. service
11.A. cared B. bought C. meant D. delivered
12.A. proven B. assumed C. planned D. decided
13.A. mental B. moral C. natural D. physical
14.A. Therefore B. But C. And D. So
15.A. comfort B. luck C. wealth D. space
16.A. announce B. communicate C. apologize D. explain
17.A. respect B. praise C. invitation D. donation
18.A. determine B. wonder C. conclude D. support
19.A. whenever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
20.A. try B. behave C. look D. struggle
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
It’s easy to help some people, but what about those whose needs are not so obvious? This story was a ______ which has stayed with me and helped me a lot ever since.
It was Thanksgiving, and I was ______ with my parents at a shelter for the needy. We were standing behind the counter ______ hot food to whoever came in. Most of our diners looked like they had been having ______ times; their clothes were worn out and dirty. In short, they looked ______! Then, a man came in, who looked ______ but needy. He was well-dressed, in an expensive suit. I ______ what he was doing there, and my jaw dropped in ______ when he joined the line for ______. What was this man doing? The ______ he came to my service station, the more I murmured to myself. Surely he wasn’t going to ______ food meant for those who were ______ in need!
Then my mother ______ took me to one side. She said, “You have ______ that the needs of the people who come here must be purely ______: for food, shelter, clothing, etc. And this gentleman doesn’t seem to have any of those problems. ______ what if his needs are emotional? What if he needs ______ friends, or just to be among other human beings? Her words ______ me like a ton of bricks! I felt I should ______ to the man — but I didn’t.
About a week later the shelter received a large donation from an unknown source. I couldn’t help but wonder ______ it came from that man.
1.A. success B. shade C. challenge D. lesson
2.A. connecting B. volunteering C. resting D. staying
3.A. advertising B. serving C. selling D. sending
4.A. lonely B. boring C. hard D. busy
5.A. needy B. strange C. weak D. anxious
6.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
7.A. learned B. asked C. wondered D. disliked
8.A. pain B. fear C. amazement D. trouble
9.A. food B. fun C. room D. care
10.A. closer B. sooner C. faster D. easier
11.A. take B. cook C. taste D. check
12.A. usually B. possibly C. really D. certainly
13.A. forcefully B. carefully C. suddenly D. quietly
14.A. proven B. assumed C. planned D. decided
15.A. mental B. moral C. natural D. physical
16.A. Therefore B. But C. And D. So
17.A. health B. luck C. wealth D. comfort
18.A. encouraged B. reminded C. hit D. attracted
19.A. apologize B. reply C. complain D. explain
20.A. why B. if C. how D. when
高三英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析
All people,________ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
All people,________ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
| A．even if | B．whether | C．no matter | D．however |
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
What do those countries have in common? People are killing each other or drive others out of their homes. Why is this happening? Very simple, in each of these, one group of people believes another group is different from them and dangerous to them. It has been thus through history. How different are humans from each other?
We come in different colors: red, black, white, yellow and brown; we have a variety of political systems, social systems, religious views or none at all; We are different in mind, have different educational systems, different economic classes. We speak different languages, and have different customs and dresses.
If we were to break each of these further, we would have quite a long list of qualities and characteristics that make humans appears to be different from each other. I say they appear to be different, because most of what have been listed stand for what we see or hear, not what is true of human. Man is man everywhere. It is only where he lives, when he lives there, with whom he lives there, and al the others that have effect on how he lives, that is, what he believes, what he wears, his customs, his language and so on. These are man-made facts that each group develops over tome, living together, facing the same problems, needing and desiring the same things. They are his culture. The truth is that we are much more same than different. If you wear one type of clothing and I wear another, we both wear some kind of clothing. Our culture demands it. If you speak one language and I another, we both speak so that others will understand us; we must communicate with each other. Nothing is gained by giving too many differences, but much is lost. If we understood our differences as the ones of culture, then we could make our world more peaceful.
Differences does not mean better or worse, right or wrong. It means only that differences have been made by society. Differences produce variety of thoughts, work out human problems peacefully.
1. Which of the following is the best tile for this passage?
A. Differences. B. Humans C. Cultures. D. Customs.
2.People in those countries fight each other because______
A. They have different colors.
B. They have different customs and dresses.
C. They have different education systems.
D. They think that others are different and harmful.
3.If you pay much attention to differences, ________.
A. we will get something.
B. we will produce problem.
C. we will develop further.
D. Nothing will be lost.
4. From this passage it can be inferred that ________.
A. Our world would be more peaceful if we understand and communicate with each other.
B. People don’t know how differences are caused.
C. It is only differences that can solve man’s problems.
D. Man is man everywhere but not woman.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Those who are always talking loudly in public should remind ________ of the feelings of other people.
A. them B. themselves C. theirs D. oneself
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析