Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection (交叉) of psychology and linguistics, and one if its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear candle often look at a candy because the two words share their first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers not only look at words that share sounds in one language but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word marker, they also look at a stamp, because the Russian word for stamp is marka.
Even more surprising, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on what languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at their onset (开始) .
The story doesn't end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other, similar-sounding words—and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard—but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word duck in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish.
Because of the way our brain organizes and processes linguistic and nonlinguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect (多米诺效应) that cascades (像洪水般倾泻) throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation is not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know American Sign Language and English look at cheese when they hear the English word paper because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (hand shape, location and orientation but not motion).
What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other areas such as vision, attention and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at and what we pay attention to are influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
The implications of these findings for applied settings range from consumer behavior (what we look at in a store) to the military (visual search in complex scenes) and art (what our eyes are drawn to). In other words, it is safe to say that the language you speak influences how you see the world not only figuratively (比喻地) but also quite literally, down to the mechanics of your eye movements.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A.Languages we know determine our eye movements.
B.The words we hear remind us of similar words.
C.We look at objects even if no language is heard.
D.Translations of words in other languages can be activated.
2.According to Paragraph 4, the ''domino effect'' is caused by ________.
A.American Sign Language B.brain processes
C.oral languages D.co-activation
3.What can we learn from these findings?
A.Words are closely related to concepts in language system.
B.The combination of words and concepts activates language system.
C.The language we speak influences what we pay attention to.
D.What we speak in everyday lives controls how our eyes move.
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Psycholinguistics is a field at the intersection (交叉) of psychology and linguistics, and one if its recent discoveries is that the languages we speak influence our eye movements. For example, English speakers who hear candle often look at a candy because the two words share their first syllable. Research with speakers of different languages revealed that bilingual speakers not only look at words that share sounds in one language but also at words that share sounds across their two languages. When Russian-English bilinguals hear the English word marker, they also look at a stamp, because the Russian word for stamp is marka.
Even more surprising, speakers of different languages differ in their patterns of eye movements when no language is used at all. In a simple visual search task in which people had to find a previously seen object among other objects, their eyes moved differently depending on what languages they knew. For example, when looking for a clock, English speakers also looked at a cloud. Spanish speakers, on the other hand, when looking for the same clock, looked at a present, because the Spanish names for clock and present—reloj and regalo—overlap at their onset (开始) .
The story doesn't end there. Not only do the words we hear activate other, similar-sounding words—and not only do we look at objects whose names share sounds or letters even when no language is heard—but the translations of those names in other languages become activated as well in speakers of more than one language. For example when Spanish-English bilinguals hear the word duck in English, they also look at a shovel, because the translations of duck and shovel—pato and pala, respectively—overlap in Spanish.
Because of the way our brain organizes and processes linguistic and nonlinguistic information, a single word can set off a domino effect (多米诺效应) that cascades (像洪水般倾泻) throughout the cognitive system. And this interactivity and co-activation is not limited to spoken languages. Bilinguals of spoken and signed languages show co-activation as well. For example, bilinguals who know American Sign Language and English look at cheese when they hear the English word paper because cheese and paper share three of the four sign components in ASL (hand shape, location and orientation but not motion).
What do findings like these tell us? Not only is the language system thoroughly interactive with a high degree of co-activation across words and concepts, but it also impacts our processing in other areas such as vision, attention and cognitive control. As we go about our everyday lives, how our eyes move, what we look at and what we pay attention to are influenced in direct and measurable ways by the languages we speak.
The implications of these findings for applied settings range from consumer behavior (what we look at in a store) to the military (visual search in complex scenes) and art (what our eyes are drawn to). In other words, it is safe to say that the language you speak influences how you see the world not only figuratively (比喻地) but also quite literally, down to the mechanics of your eye movements.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A.Languages we know determine our eye movements.
B.The words we hear remind us of similar words.
C.We look at objects even if no language is heard.
D.Translations of words in other languages can be activated.
2.According to Paragraph 4, the ''domino effect'' is caused by ________.
A.American Sign Language B.brain processes
C.oral languages D.co-activation
3.What can we learn from these findings?
A.Words are closely related to concepts in language system.
B.The combination of words and concepts activates language system.
C.The language we speak influences what we pay attention to.
D.What we speak in everyday lives controls how our eyes move.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
I was sitting in my car at a stoplight intersection (信号灯交叉口) listening to the radio. I was_______at the moment, _______how happy I was to be inside my nice_______car. It was cold and_______outside and I thought “Life is good.”
This was a long _______.As I waited, I noticed two people huddled (挤) together at the bus stop. To my eyes, they looked_______— they looked cold and they looked poor. It _______that their coats came from a second-hand store.
The couple seemed to be doing their best to _______warm. They were huddled together and I thought to_______, “Oh, those poor people in that punishing wind.”
________they were also laughing while they were huddling. They looked to be sharing a good ________. Suddenly, I envied them much________pitying them. They didn’t seem to________the wind. They weren’t worried about their________. They weren’t looking at my car.
In that moment, I ________I had assumed this couple needed my pity, but they didn’t. I ________things were all bad for them, but they weren’t and I understood we all have the ________to make moments of happiness happen.
Creating our own ________is something all of us can do — Try to be happy within the context of the life that we’re ________living. Happiness is not a ________to be longed for, or a collection of lucky coincidence. Through the power of our own minds, we can help ourselves.
1.A.hurt B.lost C.mad D.angry
2.A.puzzling B.hesitating C.thinking D.satisfying
3.A.warm B.new C.expensive D.advanced
4.A.rainy B.snowy C.sunny D.windy
5.A.light B.time C.journey D.way
6.A.shameless B.scared C.uncomfortable D.young
7.A.turned out B.seemed C.proved D.suggested
8.A.hold B.translate C.reduce D.keep
9.A.them B.myself C.himself D.others
10.A.However B.Therefore C.Moreover D.Besides
11.A.coat B.life C.meal. D.joke
12.A.due to B.result from C.instead of D.put away
13.A.notice B.hear C.smell D.touch
14.A.action B.shoes C.clothes D.house
15.A.remembered B.realized C.informed D.recognized
16.A.predicted B.dated C.wandered D.assumed
17.A.chance B.power C.right D.tradition
18.A.happiness B.future C.success D.confidence
19.A.finally B.gradually C.slowly D.actually
20.A.belief B.ability C.situation D.principle
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
A guiding principle for master cellist Yo-Yo Ma is that “the intersection(交汇) of cultures is where new things appear.” Certainly his biography is an intersection of cultures. He was born to Chinese parents in Paris, France; both his parents were musicians. When he was seven, his family moved to the United States. Gifted for his age, Ma attended Juilliard, the world famous music institute. He then chose to earn a liberal arts degree at Harvard rather than focusing only on music.
Even in his earliest performing years, Yo-Yo Ma had a strong belief that it was important to share music with all kinds of people. Stories are told about how he once performed in the hallway of a large building for people who were unable to get tickets to his concert. He remained interested in making music accessible to diverse audiences and furthered his interest in different cultures when he visited the Bushmen of the Kalahari. He developed a vehicle to further these ideals when he founded the Silk Road Project.
As he has said, the Silk Road is a metaphor(隐喻) for a number of things: as the Internet of ancient times, the routes were used for trade, by religious people, adventurers, scientists, storytellers. Everything from algebra to Islam moved along the Silk Road. It’s the local-global thing. In the cultural world, you want to make sure that voices don’t get lost, that rich traditions continue to live, without becoming common.
This lesson explores the philosophy behind Yo-Yo Ma’s founding of the Silk Road Ensemble(乐团), his belief that the arts, and particularly music, can make the world better, and that through cooperation, one can both preserve tradition and shape cultural evolution. Students also explore their own attitudes toward the arts, writing reflective essays on how the arts have played a role in their own lives.
1.What do we learn about Yo-Yo Ma according to Paragraph 1?
A. He studied music in France.
B. He started his career in Harvard.
C. He showed great musical talent.
D. He earned a liberal arts degree in Julliard.
2.Which of the following can best replace the word “vehicle” in Paragraph 2?
A. Car. B. Medium.
C. Skill. D. Project.
3.What does Yo-Yo Ma think of the Silk Road?
A. The route is key to musical development.
B. It has significant influence on the world.
C. It simply helps with the spread of religions.
D. Traditions are passed on through the route.
4.Why did Yo-Yo Ma found the Silk Road Ensemble?
A. To foster cooperation in business.
B. To record the voices along the route.
C. To explore people’s attitude toward the arts.
D. To share music and promote cultural development.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the fields of Eufaula, Okla.____the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up old furniture. He gave me a cent for every nail I____out of old boards.
I got my first____job, at JM’s Restaurant in town, when I was 12. My main responsibilities(职责) were____tables and washing dishes,____sometimes I helped cook.
Every day after school I would____to JM’s and work until ten. Even on Saturdays I____from two until eleven. At that age it was difficult going to work and____my friends run off to swim or play. I didn’t necessarily like work, but I loved what working____me to have. Because of my____I was always the one buying when my friends and I went to the local Tastee Freez. This made me____
Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working____around town. A local clothing store offered me credit (赊帐)____I was only in seventh grade. I immediately____a $68 sports coat and a $22 pair of shoes. I was____only 65 cents an hour, and I already owed the storekeeper $90! So I learned____the danger of easy credit. I paid it____as soon as I could.
My first job taught me self-control, responsibility and brought me a____of personal satisfaction few of my friends had experienced. As my father,____worked three jobs, once told me, "If you____sacrifice(奉献) and responsibility, there are not many things in life you can’t have." How right he was.
1.A. Before B. Within C. From D. By
2.A. pulled B. put C. picked D. pressed
3.A. usual B. real C. main D. particular
4.A. sweeping B. packing C. clearing D. emptying
5.A. or B. so C. but D. even
6.A. head B. turn C. change D. move
7.A. studied B. worked C. played D. slept
8.A. helping B. having C. watching D. letting
9.A. asked B. told C. promised D. allowed
10.A. study B. power C. age D. job
11.
A. proud B. friendly C. lucky D. hopeful
12.
A. ran B. got C. flew D. carried
13.A. although B. while C. if D. since
14.
A. sold B. borrowed C. charged D. wore
15.A. keeping B. making C. paying D. taking
16.A. gradually B. greatly C. hardly D. early
17.A. out B. over C. away D. off
18.A. point B. level C. part D. sign
19.
A. he B. that C. who D. whoever
20.A. understand B. demand C. offer D. fear
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The doctor the farmer sent his son is well-known in the field.
A. by whom B. at whom
C. to whom D. for whom
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The job of a scientist is to find out the truth in the field of science. 1.. It is a challenging profession. Scientists usually have to do thousands of experiments in order to prove something. Although they are often disappointed if they fail, 2..但是他们大多数人绝不放弃.
My next door neighbour is a scientist. He studies radiation. 3..他总是在实验室里工作，trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. When I met him the other day, he had just come back from work，looking excited. 4.. He told me he had had a breakthrough. He sounded so thrilled. Then I noticed that he was wearing shoes that did not match. 5.. He must have been working too hard to notice! I think it’s good to do a job that you are interested in. Otherwise you will get bored easily.
高三英语翻译中等难度题查看答案及解析
Music education is the learning of all aspects of music as a separate field altogether. 1. The main components of music education is everything from the history of music, musicians who have reached a respectable level, basic notes of music, different types of music, and many other things about music.
Music education is very important in schools. 2. As the child starts learning music from an early age, he would turn out to be a skilled musician. And then he can use his talent for many purposes, such as being a music teacher and teaching other students, or using his musical talent to earn his living.
According to a survey conducted by elementary schools and high schools, students who were taught music and had a good interest in it academically performed far better than those who were not into music learning. 3. While learning music, students learned to count, to multiply and to divide. At the same time, science helped them discover what sounded good together and what didn’t. It is also a proven fact that students who have the knowledge of and interest in music tend to plan and organize actions efficiently in their personal lives. 4. They do not get aggressive very soon. Furthermore, children learning music are found to be fun-loving and are great at communicating with others.
5. A majority of students are satisfied and happy about learning music or playing a musical instrument. Students with good music education do have a sense of personal achievement. A notable benefit of music education is that it is used as a stress reliever, considering a student’s study routine.
A. Music education makes one much more honorable.
B. It helps children develop the skill at a very early age.
C. They tend to do well in subjects like math and science.
D. Music education in schools also benefits the students emotionally.
E. It consists of theoretical knowledge as well as practical experiences.
F. And it is commonly believed that musicians are peace-loving people.
G. While learning music, much of the culture and tradition is absorbed.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
With the development of science, more new technology ______to the field of IT.
| A．has introduced | B．is being introduced | C．is introduced | D．was introduced |
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is 5 am and it’s too dark to see the fields of volcanic rock and trees on either side of the highway. But over the lights of my car, I get a taste of the _________ I’m really here for, as a few stars Pierce (渗透) the inky _________ sky.
Today our relationship to the universe is largely connected byes _________, such as telescopes and NASA assignments. But for thousands of years, humans could _________ look up on a clear night to be _________ at the bright spots that stretched (延伸) directly over them.
But over time, we’ve _________ ourselves from our sky, building a covering of artificial light between ourselves and the dark depth of space. Our _________ , neon signs (霓虹灯), and other electric lights are increasingly flooding the night sky and _________ the stars. _________ , about one third of the world’s population cannot see the Milky Way from where they live. And some can’t even recognize it. The sense of wonder for the night sky __________, and that means something vital to humanity is lost as well.
That’s why I’ve dragged myself out of bed hours before __________. Like 99 percent of Americans, I live with __________ pollution and I’ve never seen a truly night sky. So I’m here to __________ my first glance.
As I __________ out of the car, I __________ raise my face up towards the sky, worrying whether I can make it. There it is, __________ across the sky as far as I can see. The Milky Way is so vivid that my eyes don’t even have to __________ the dark to see it.
I expect to feel the __________ of the sky, perhaps as though I’m falling into a bottomless hole. Instead, the blanket of stars above me is so thick that it is hard to __________. In black and white, the whole scene feels surreal.
As I get back in the car, I pass a __________ that says “Never Stop Looking Up.”
1.A.view B.issue C.event D.cause
2.A.clear B.black C.blue D.dirty
3.A.emotion B.survey C.imagination D.technology
4.A.completely B.hardly C.simply D.rarely
5.A.depressed B.frightened C.confused D.amazed
6.A.excused B.distanced C.freed D.defended
7.A.shops B.decorations C.streetlights D.buildings
8.A.covering B.beating C.unlocking D.reflecting
9.A.Moreover B.Instead C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
10.A.increases B.disappears C.struggles D.pours
11.A.sunrise B.dark C.sunset D.dusk
12.A.noise B.air C.waste D.light
13.A.turn out B.search for C.apply for D.figure out
14.A.step B.look C.wonder D.think
15.A.formally B.confidently C.nervously D.casually
16.A.putting B.walking C.cutting D.stretching
17.A.adjust to B.turn to C.depend on D.throw away
18.A.length B.width C.depth D.strength
19.A.test B.weigh C.catch D.measure
20.A.note B.sign C.letter D.signal
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is 5 am and it’s too dark to see the fields of volcanic rock and trees on either side of the highway. But over the lights of my car, I get a taste of the _________ I’m really here for, as a few stars pierce（穿透）the inky _________ sky.
Today our relationship to the universe is largely connected by _________, such as telescopes and NASA assignments. But for thousands of years, humans could _________ look up on a clear night to be _________ at the bright spots that stretched directly over them.
But over time, we’ve _________ ourselves from our sky, building a covering of artificial light between ourselves and the dark depth of space. Our _________ , neon signs (霓虹灯), and other electric lights are increasingly flooding the night sky and _________ the stars. _________, about one third of the world’s population cannot see the Milky Way from where they live. And some can’t even recognize it. The sense of wonder for the night sky ____________, and that means something vital to humanity is lost as well.
That’s why I’ve dragged myself out of bed hours before ____________. Like 99 percent of Americans, I live with ____________ pollution and I’ve never seen a truly night sky. So I’m here to ____________ my first glance.
As I ____________ out of the car, I ____________ raise my face up towards the sky, worrying whether I can make it. There it is, ____________ across the sky as far as I can see. The Milky Way is so vivid that my eyes don’t even have to ____________ the dark to see it.
I expect to feel the ____________ of the sky, perhaps as though I’m falling into a bottomless hole. Instead, the blanket of stars above me is so thick that it is hard to ____________. In black and white, the whole scene feels surreal. As I get back in the car, I pass a ____________ that says “Never Stop Looking Up”.
1.A.view B.issue C.event D.cause
2.A.bright B.black C.blue D.dirty
3.A.emotion B.survey C.imagination D.technology
4.A.completely B.hardly C.simply D.rarely
5.A.depressed B.frightened C.confused D.amazed
6.A.excused B.distanced C.freed D.defended
7.A.shops B.decorations C.streetlights D.buildings
8.A.covering B.beating C.unlocking D.reflecting
9.A.However B.Instead C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
10.A.increases B.disappears C.struggles D.pours
11.A.sunrise B.dark C.sunset D.dusk
12.A.noise B.air C.waste D.light
13.A.turn out B.search for C.apply for D.figure out
14.A.step B.look C.wonder D.think
15.A.formally B.confidently C.nervously D.casually
16.A.putting B.walking C.cutting D.stretching
17.A.adjust to B.turn to C.depend on D.throw away
18.A.length B.width C.depth D.strength
19.A.test B.weigh C.catch D.measure
20.A.note B.sign C.letter D.signal
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析