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It’s difficult to imagine now, but at certain points in the Earth’s history, ice covered the entire planet. This frozen Earth, nicknamed Snowball Earth, was “so severe that the Earth’s entire surface, from pole to pole, including the oceans, completely froze over”, said Melissa Hage, an environmental scientist at Emory University in Georgia.

In 1840, Louis Agassiz, a Swiss natural scientist, was among the first to acknowledge and provide evidence that the Earth had gone through ice ages. Joseph Kirschvink, an American geologist, later created the term “Snowball Earth” in a 1992 textbook.

Scientists believe that four severe ice ages occurred between 750 million and 580 million years ago, probably because the Earth’s lands were all located at or near the equator (赤道), which resulted in increased weathering (风化). Weathering is happening when wind and rain break down rocks and minerals on the planets surface. The process leads to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, which allows more heat to get away from the surface and into space, cooling the planet, causing the planet into a deep freeze.

The severe ice ages eventually melted away. Scientist believe that volcanoes continued to pump carbon dioxide into the atmosphere throughout the ice ages, eventually warming the planet enough that the water cycle could restart. As the Earth warmed and came out of its deep freeze. a huge explosion of life occurred. known as the Cambrian (寒武纪) explosion.

Will we see another Snowball Earth in our future? According to Hage, it’s unlikely, due to the spread-out of the continents. “Even with extreme winters, continental ice sheets would form, which would stop continental weathering and allow carbon dioxide to build up in the atmosphere, leading to warming rather than freezing,” she said.

1.How many severe ice ages occurred between 750 million and 580 million years ago according to the passage?

A.Three. B.Four.

C.Five. D.Six.

2.What do we know about the Earth according to the passage?

A.The term “Snowball Earth” was first used in 1840.

B.Millions of years ago, the Earths lands weren’t where they are now.

C.Weathering was the main factor of warming the Earth.

D.The Earth was completely covered with ice during the Cambrian period.

3.What probably led to the end of the ice ages?

A.Heat’s escaping. B.An unknown reason.

C.Carbon dioxide from volcanoes. D.A force from the outer space.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Snowball Earth: The End of the Life

B.Some Severe lee Ages in the Earths History

C.Frozen Earth: Another lee Age Is Coming

D.Snowball Earth: Will the Blue Planet Go White Again?

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