Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our short-term memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
''Hunger isn't controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal, '' Brunstrom says. ''This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. ''
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perceptions of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
1.What affects our appetite according to the new study?
A.How much we remember eating.
B.What time we eat our last meal.
C.How much we eat our last meal.
D.What ingredients the food contains.
2.The underlined word ''echo'' in the last paragraph means ________ in Chinese.
A.暗示 B.反映
C.印证 D.改善
3.What is the main idea of the text?
A.Good eating habits contribute to our health.
B.Eating speed often affects our food digestion.
C.Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
D.Our biological need for energy determines our food intake.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our short-term memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
''Hunger isn't controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal, '' Brunstrom says. ''This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. ''
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perceptions of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.
1.What affects our appetite according to the new study?
A.How much we remember eating.
B.What time we eat our last meal.
C.How much we eat our last meal.
D.What ingredients the food contains.
2.The underlined word ''echo'' in the last paragraph means ________ in Chinese.
A.暗示 B.反映
C.印证 D.改善
3.What is the main idea of the text?
A.Good eating habits contribute to our health.
B.Eating speed often affects our food digestion.
C.Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
D.Our biological need for energy determines our food intake.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Four habits of happy people
While the recent research has shown that about 60 percent of our baseline (基本) level of happiness is probably genetically determined, it means 40 percent is under our control. You can’t go back and get new genes.1.. Here are the good habits of happy people.
·Spend time outside. If you can clock 20 minutes a day outside, studies show you’ll not only maintain a better mood, but your mind will be more open and you’ll improve your working memory. 2..
·Exercise regularly. All exercise releases endorphins (脑内肽) in your brain, and if you work out regularly, this mood boosts(增强)even carries over to non-workout days.3.. Mood stays about the same on days they don’t.
4.. A study has confirmed that when people actively try to be happy, they raise their baseline moods, making them feel happier than those who do not try. In the study, two sets of participants listened to “happy” music. Those who actively tried to feel happier reported the highest level of positive mood afterwards.
·Care for others. 5.. Volunteer work is good for both mental and physical health. People of all ages who volunteer are happier and experience better physical health and less depression.
A. Exercise is easy to do.
B. Put effort into being happy.
C. People around you impact your mood.
D. Sunshine and fresh air make you feel good too.
E. But you can start a good morning over with a new attitude.
F. People who spend time every month helping others are happier.
G. On exercise days, people’s mood is significantly improved after exercising.
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Recent research findings have ________ the origin of our universe, which has puzzled the scientific world.
A. cast light on B. given rise to
C. seized control of D. kept company with
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
We have every reason to believe that our business has shown a(n) ____ to improve.
A.direction B.tendency
C.aspect D.effect
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
We have every reason to believe that our business has shown a(n) ____ to improve.
A.direction B.tendency C.aspect D.effect
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
In recent years travel agencies have succeeded in selling us the idea that ________, the better our holidays will be.
A. we go the farther B. the farther we go
C. the father we will go D. the farther do we go
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
We smile because we are happy, and we frown because we are sad. Recent studies suggest that our emotions are driven by their related facial expressions.
This February psychologists at the University of Cardiff in W ales found that people whose ability to frown is lessened by botox injections (肉毒杆菌注射) are happier, on average, than people who can frown. The researchers administered an anxiety and depression questionnaire to 25 females, half of whom had received botox injections to stop frowning. The botox injected people reported feeling happier and less anxious in general.
In a related study from March, scientists at the Technical University of Munich in Germany scanned botox injected people with FMRI machines while asking them to copy angry faces. They found that the botox subjects had much lower activity in the brain circuits (回路) involved in emotional processing and responses - in the amygdala, hypothalamus and other parts of the brain - as compared with controls who had not received treatment.
The concept works the opposite way, too. People who frown during an unpleasant procedure report feeling more pain than those who do not, according to a study published in May 2008 in the Journal of Pain. Researchers applied heat to the forearms of 29 participants, who were asked to either make unhappy, neutral or relaxed faces during the procedure. Those who exhibited negative expressions reported being in more pain than the other two groups.
No one yet knows why our facial expressions influence our emotions as they seem to. The associations in our mind between how we feel and how we react may be so strong that our expressions simply end up strengthen our emotions - there may be no evolutionary reason for the connection. Even so, our faces do seem to communicate our states of mind not only to others but also to ourselves. “I smile, so I must be happy,” Grob says.
1.What can we know about the result of the study from paragraph 2?
A.The ability to frown should be stopped by injection.
B.Less frowns make people happier.
C.Women love to frown and feel sad.
D.Half women have no ability to feel happy.
2.What did scientists do in the related studies?
A.They asked the participants to frown or smile.
B.They copied the expressions of the participants.
C.They asked the participants to stay negative.
D.They exposed the participants to heat.
3.What does the passage talk about?
A.Facial expressions influence our emotions. B.Facial expressions are driven by emotions.
C.Why people feel happy and frown. D.Botox injection is useful and meaningful.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)
If you walked past the supermarket, you would find many foods that have been treated ________1.________ (kill) any harmful germs that might have been in them. Milk is a good example. Raw milk --- that is, milk just as it comes from the cow --- may be ________2.________ (safe) to drink. But ________3.________ the milk is heated and then cooled, the harmful germs are killed. The man ________4.________ discovered this way of treating milk was a Frenchman by the name of Louis Pasteur.
In the supermarket you would also find many frozen foods --- frozen fruits, vegetables, meat and fish. As techniques for ________5.________ (freeze) food are being improved, more frozen foods are appearing on the market, and more people are buying them. Fruits and vegetable to be sold in the supermarket are often frozen the moment ________6.________ are picked. The ________7.________ fruits and vegetable are frozen, the better. ________8.________ machines are often taken into the fields where ________9.________ food grows, so that little time is lost ________10.________ picking and freezing.
高二英语其他题简单题查看答案及解析
The recent study has shown that people’s attitudes towards protecting the environment aren’t _________with their behavior in daily life.
A. reliable B. consistent
C. positive D. cautious
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
A recent study has shown that eating a small amount of dark chocolate every day could be good for your health. Scientists have found that a regular 2 ounces can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of having a heart attack or stroke(中风)without any weight gain. But take care before you reach for a large bar. The effects are canceled out if more than 30 calories are taken into your body each day, the researchers warn.
It’s already known that a chemical called polyphenol(多酚), found in chocolate, can help reduce blood pressure, and blood pressure lowered in this way can reduce the risk of death from a stroke by 8 percent and from a heart attack by 5 percent, scientists declare. And it can also reduce the risk or death in general by 4 percent.
A daily diet with a little chocolate has the same effect with some special diets designed to lower blood pressure, according to one researcher. “Although all the degree of the blood pressure reduction is small, the effects are quite obvious,” the researchers said.
However, Sara Stanner, a nutritionist at the British Heart Foundation, is quite cautious. “This study suggests that small quantities of small chocolate might have good effects on blood pressure. However, it is important to remember that chocolate is also high in fat and calories. So eating much is not good for your heart.” “Polyphenols are also found in fruits and vegetables, which can be taken in without the risks associated with overintake,” she added.
But the German study shows that the fat content does not cancel out the good effects—at least where small amounts are concerned.
1.How is Paragraph 2 developed?
A. By making comparisons. B. By listing figures.
C. By analyzing causes. D. By giving examples.
2.What health benefits does dark chocolate have?
A. It lowers blood pressure heavily.
B. It may prevent heart attacks in a way.
C. It’s useful for controlling one’s weight.
D. It helps people strengthen their body.
3.What do Sara Stanner’s words suggest?
A. Eating chocolate has no health benefits.
B. Dark chocolate is not so nutritious as expected.
C. The findings of scientist’s study are not scientific.
D. Eating fruits and vegetables may be a better choice.
4.What will be discussed in the following passage?
A. Some details of the German study.
B. Benefits of fruits and vegetables.
C. Harm of overeating dark chocolate.
D. The proper amount of dark chocolate taken in.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析