Addiction is a term that we hear all the time...

Addiction is a term that we hear all the time but it’s a surprisingly tricky concept to pin down. Orally, we might say things like: “Oh, I downloaded this new game on my phone and I’m totally addicted to it.” But from a clinical perspective, we think of addiction as occurring when someone has found that their life whether it’s’ their relationships with friends or family, their ability to perform their jobs, or something else has been knocked off-kilter (冲昏头脑) by desire to perform behavior.

Prof Robert West, editor-in-chief of the journal Addiction, defines addiction “a psychological condition that involves repeated powerful motivation to engage in a behavior that’s learnt through experience, and that has either actual or potential harmful consequences”. Under this definition, it is possible to be addicted to anything—not just substances—if it turns from a want for it to a need for it, and it puts a person at risk of harm.

In 2008, Bowden-Jones set up the National Problem Gambling Clinic. To date, this is the only NHS-funded treatment center for people with problem gambling (赌博). Despite seeing some of the most severe cases of gambling addiction in the country in her clinic, she is keen to point out that the scale of the problem might not be as extreme as some would think. Despite lots of people gambling and the pervasive (遍布的) nature of gambling advertising, problem gamblers make up less than one per cent of the population.

Yet she wonders whether there is something about how modern technology has become increasingly risky. “The more you have availability, the more you uncover vulnerability,” she says. And there’s concern among researchers from several different countries that online games and apps are taking inspiration from gambling to keep people playing, and paying. These include what are known as “loot boxes”. These are prizes, paid for with real money, where the contents are not known until they’re purchased. Recent research has suggested purchase of these prizes is linked to higher levels of problematic gambling behavior.

However, Bowden-Jones points out that technological advances have also improved support for some people with problematic gambling. Software now exists to block gambling-related websites across people’s devices. Banking apps can allow a person to disable any ability to spend money on gambling, cautiously, by just toggling (切换) a switch. She believes that this is a big step forward -historically people were encouraged to hand their finances to their partners. This can put pressure on relationships and there is strong evidence to show it can increase domestic violence.

It’s hard to tell addiction is on the increase, partly because as yet there aren’t standardized measures by which to assess things like problematic gaming, and large-scale surveys have not been done. But just because we might see people glued to their phones while they’re on buses or trains or while walking down the street, it doesn’t mean we’ve become nation who are addicted to the Internet.

Nonetheless, in 2018 the World Health Organization announced that it was classifying gaming disorder as a mental health condition, decision they based on a review of the evidence and after discussion with experts. However, some researchers worry that this classification will lead to overdiagnosis of gaming The NHS does not offer treatment for gaming disorder, and a pilot treatment clinic has been delayed. It’s clear that we know very little about how many people have gaming disorder, and it’s likely that the vast majority of people who play games do so with no harm to their health whatsoever. Having said that, for those who are worried, it is possible to spot the warning signs of pleasurable activity becoming compulsion (强迫力), either in yourself or in those around you.

Robert West has some final words of advice for those individuals who are trying to reduce their need for a behavior. “Self-control is much easier when you set fixed boundaries than when you leave the rules more flexible,” he explains. Be strict with yourself and don’t allow your boundaries to slide, then even if you do slip up, you can get back on track.

1.What is addiction according to the first two paragraphs?

A.It is a repeated desire to perform a behavior.

B.It is a physical and mental condition.

C.It is a habit of downloading new games.

D.It is the direct result of carelessness.

2.What does Bowden-Jones think of gambling addiction?

A.It is affected by gambling advertising.

B.Its scale is small and fewer people develop it.

C.It can be treated in a NHS-funded center.

D.Its severity is beyond imagination of some people.

3.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Online apps take inspiration from gambling.

B.More prizes lead to more gambling behavior.

C.More money brings more prizes in loot boxes.

D.Too much use of technology brings more risk.

4.What do technological advances in Paragraph 5 indicate?

A.Banking apps are popular among banks.

B.They can increase domestic violence.

C.They can bring about positive results.

D.Software can block gambling-related websites.

5.Why do researchers worry about the classification of gaming disorder?

A.Playing games do no harm to lot of people.

B.We’ve become a nation addicted to the internet.

C.It isn’t scientific and may lead to wrong diagnosis.

D.A pleasant activity may become a strong force.

6.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.Is addiction on the rise? B.How addiction is defined?

C.Is Robert West’s advice reasonable? D.What is Bowden Jones’s research?

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Whenever we hear about “the homeless”, most of us think of the Developing world. But the 31  is that homelessness is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 32  country like Germany?

Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 33 for the homeless of Berlin, Germany’s capital. They first 34  one long hot summer when most Germans were 35  on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, 36   a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.

The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren’t  37   . “What these people also need is warmth and 38  ,” says Rita. The Mullers didn’t 39  to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita  40   there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 41  to anyone who couldn’t face another night on the street.

The couple were soon 42  all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to  43  donations. Today, over thirty companies 44 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help  to 45  them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 46  new shoes.

Kurt and Rita receive no 47  for their hard work. “ We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and parents shouldn’t 48  money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 49 , she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 50   in the world.

1.A. result                                B. truth                          C. reason                   D. idea

2.A. traditional                        B. developing    C. typical                   D. wealthy

3.A. preparations              B. houses               C. meals                     D. suggestions

4.A. began                                B. met                           C. called                    D. left

5.A. asleep                                B. alone               C. across                     D. away

6.A. brought up                        B. set up               C. put aside               D. gave away

7.A. enough                              B. necessary                 C. helpful                   D. expensive

8.A. fame                             B. freedom                    C. courage                 D. caring

9.A. hesitate                             B. agree                         C. pretend                 D. intend

10.A. made sense                    B. found out       C. made sure            D. worked out

11.A. open                                B. crowded                  C. noisy                       D. near

12.A. costing                            B. wasting                     C. taking                    D. spending

13.A. pay for                            B. ask for                      C. look into               D. carry out

14.A. completely                    B. calmly               C. regularly               D. roughly

15.A. advertise               B. sell                             C. deliver                  D. lend

16.A. donates                           B. produces            C. designs               D. collects

17.A. permission                      B. payment                   C. direction           D. support

18.A. borrow                            B. raise                           C. save                            D. expect

19.A. surprised                       B. excited                     C. tired                      D. amused

20.A. profit                               B. difference      C. decision                 D. rule

高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Whenever we hear about “the homeless”, most of us think of the Developing World. But the 26  is that homeless is everywhere. For example, how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 27  country like Germany?

Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making 28  for the homeless of Berlin, Germany’s capital. They first 29  one long hot summer when most Germans were 30  on holidays. Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches,   31  a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.

The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren’t 32 . “What these people also need is warmth and 33 ,” says Rita. The Mullers didn’t 34  to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita 35  there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 36  to anyone who couldn’t face another night on the street.

The couple were soon 37  all their time and money, so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to 38 donations. Today, over thirty companies 39  donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 40  them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 41  new shoes.

Kurt and Rita receive no 42  for their hard work.. “We feel like parents,” says Rita, “and parents shouldn’t 43  money for helping their children. The love we get on the street is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 44 , she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 45    in the world.

1.A. result                           B. truth                        C. reason                    D. idea

2.A. traditional                   B. developing   C. typical           D. wealthy

3.A. preparations     B. houses               C. meals                  D. suggestions

4.A. began                 B. met                         C. called            D. left

5.A. asleep                           B. alone                 C. across                  D. away

6.A. brought up                   B. set up                 C. put aside                 D. gave away

7.A. enough                B. necessary               C. helpful               D. expensive

8.A. fame                    B. freedom                 C. courage                  D. caring

9.A. hesitate               B. agree                       C. pretend                  D. intend

10.A. make sense               B. found out         C. make sure             D. worked out

11.A. open                           B. crowded                C. noisy                        D. near

12.A. costing             B. wasting                   C. taking            D. spending

13.A. pay for             B. ask for                    C. look into           D. carry out

14.A. completely      B. calmly                C. regularly            D. roughly

15.A. advertise          B. sell                           C. deliver                   D. lend

16.A. donates             B. produces          C. designs                    D. collects

17.A. permission                 B. payment                C. direction                 D. support

18.A. borrow              B. raise                        C. save                         D. expect

19.A. surprised                  B. excited                   C. tired                       D. amused

20.A. profit                          B. difference     C. decision             D. rule

高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The road to happiness

We all know that money can't buy happiness, but many times we act as if we'd be happier with a bit more money. We are trained to want the latest style that television tells us.1.But none of that win bring us happiness. No matter how much we earn, no matter how nice our clothing or cars or toys, none of it will make us happier. And the sad thing is that it could take us decades of pursuing wealth and luxury items before we realize this. So what will bring us happiness? 2.

Positive thinking. I'm obviously a big approval of positive thinking as the best way to achieve your goals, but it turns out that it can lead to happiness too.3.Happy people feel energetic, in control of their lives, and have a positive attitude to life.4.We have a human need to be close. Having good, supportive friendships, a strong, marriage or close and loving links with our family members will make us much more likely to be happy.

Flow. This is a popular concept on the Internet these days—the state we enter when we are completely focused on the work before us. Having work and leisure that gets you in this state of flow will almost undoubtedly lead to happiness. People find greatest enjoyment not when they're passively mindless, but when they're absorbed in a mindful challenge.5.Don't waste them!

A. Good relationships.

B. You've been given the three secrets to happiness.

C. In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop.

D. It may sound ridiculous, but it has worked for me every time.

E. Luckily, here're three secrets to happiness that don't cost a thing.

F. We want to earn more money because then we'll have the good life.

G. Optimism and self-esteem are some of the best indicators of people who lead happy lives.

高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

We all have times of insecurity in life, _____ there is nothing to do but bravely face the feelings of doubt.

A.which B.when C.where D.that

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

In all one’s lifetime, it is 28 that one spends the most time being with or dealing with, but it is precisely oneself that one has the least 29 of. When you are going upwards in life, you tend to overestimate yourself; when you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself. It's 30  that you think it wise for yourself to know your place and stay away from worldly trouble wearing a mask of cowardice, behind 31 the flow of sap in your life will be retarded (妨碍).

To get a thorough understanding of oneself 32 doing oneself a favor when it's needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving vent (发泄) to it in a quiet place so that you won't be hurt by its flames; in time of 33 , do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some tonic. Show yourself loving 34 about your health and daily life. Unless you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won't be confident and ready enough to resist the attack of illness.

To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full control of ones life. Then one will 35 one's life full of color and flavor.

1.A. oneself                         B. yourself                            C. one                                   D. you

2.A. awareness          B. understanding                C. sense                                D. mind

3.A. perhaps                        B. certain                              C. likely                                 D. sure

4.A. it                                    B. what                                  C. that                                   D. which

5.A. requires                       B. demands                          C. asks                                   D. requests

6.A. happiness           B. sadness                            C. illness                               D. danger

7.A. respect                         B. anxiety                    C. concern                           D. attendance

8.A. attain                   B. feel                                   C. acquire                   D. find

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

In all one’s lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is exactly oneself that one has the least understanding of.

When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach. When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself, mistaking difficulties for your own incompetence.

To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself-aware of both one’s strengths and shortages. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be courageous to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. That’s to say so long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.

To get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you think you are a towering tree or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own value. If you earnestly admire yourself you’ll have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. As soon as you gain full confidence in yourself, you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any adversity.

To get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed. In time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep. As you are aware, what a person physically has is but a human body that’s vulnerable when exposed to the elements. So if you fall ill, it’s up to you to take a good care of yourself.

In a word, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full control of one’s life. Then one will find one’s life full of color and flavor.

1. What is described in Paragraph 2 is to show that ________.

2. Remember not to expect too much of yourself when looking forward to the future because ________.

3.Having a real sense of self-appreciation can enable one ________.

4.If this passage is divided into three parts, the second part should consist of ________.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

--When shall we start?

　---Let's _____ the time for the trip. What about 8:30? Is that all right?

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

—When shall we start?

—Let's _____ the time for the trip. What about 8:30? Is that all right?

A．set              B．meet             C．make             D．take

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

“We all know that exercise is good for us, but can you get the benefits without actually doing the exercise?” asks Michael Mosley.

Having a hot bath or a sauna is a good way to soothe your limbs after exercise, but what happens if you do it instead of exercise? Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard pedalling.

For this study I join a group of volunteers who have all been fitted with monitors which continuously record blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar levels within the normal range is an important measure of your “metabolic” fitness.

The first part of the experiment is very relaxing, consisting of having a long, hot bath. While I sit in the bath, which they keep at 40℃, Steve closely monitors my core temperature. Once it has risen and stayed there, I am allowed out.

A couple of hours after my bath I have a light meal. Since we want to see how having a hot bath compares with exercise we repeat the experiment.

So what’s the result?

“One of the first things that we were looking at,” Steve says, “is the energy expenditure while you’re in the bath and what we found was an 80% increase in energy expenditure just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour.”

This is nothing like as many calories as cycling for an hour (which comes out at an average of 630 calories) but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30-minute walk.

1.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?

A. exercise　　 B. strengthen　　 C. relax　　 D. build up

2.What is the purpose of the experiment?

A. To compare energy expenditure of hot bath and pedalling

B. To tell people how to lose weight.

C. To show the benefit of hot bath.

D. To encourage people to have a hot bath instead of pedalling.

3.What does normal sugar level mean?

A. It means you are healthy.　　 B. It means your temperature is normal.

C. It means you don't need exercise.　　 D. It means your metabolic system is normal.

4.If you want to burn 600 calories, what can you do?

A. Have a hot bath for one hour.　　 B. Cycle for one hour.

C. Have a brisk 60-minute walk.　　 D. Have a brisk 30-minute walk.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析