This booklet, prepared by the National Instit...

This booklet, prepared by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), provides an overview on depression. It will help you learn the things that everyone should know about depression.

This booklet is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered a guide for making medical decisions. For more information on depression, please visit the NIMH website at www.nimh.nih.gov.

1. Depression is a real illness.

Sadness is something we all experience. It is a normal reaction to difficult times in life and usually passes with a little time. When a person has depression, however, it interferes with daily life and normal functioning. Doctors call this condition “depressive disorder.” It is a real illness. Many factors may play a role in depression.

Causes of Depression

(1) Genetics, brain biology and chemistry

(2) Life events such as trauma, loss of a loved one

(3) A difficult relationship

(4) Early childhood experience

(5) Chronic illness, drug and alcohol abuse

(6) Any stressful situation

2. Depression affects people in different ways.

Not everyone who is depressed experiences every symptom. Some people experience only a few symptoms; others have many. The seriousness and frequency of symptoms, and how long they last, vary depending on the individual and the stage of the illness.

Symptoms of Depression

(1) Feelings of guilt, sadness, worthlessness, helplessness or hopelessness

(2) Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities

(3) Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions

(4) Persistent aches or pains

(5) Insomnia

(6) Appetite and/ or weight changes

(7) Consistent fatigue and decreased energy

(8) Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide attempts

3. Depression is treatable.

Depression, even the most serious cases, can be treated. The earlier treatment begins, the more effective it will be.

Dealing With Depression

Reach out and stay connected: Make real-life communication a priority! Spend time with other people and confide in a trusted friend or relative. Let them help you.

Try to be active and exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise every day. This does not have to be all at once. A ten-minute walk can improve your mood for two hours.

Eat a healthy and mood-boosting diet: Reduce foods that contain caffeine, alcohol, trans fats, and foods with high levels of chemical preservatives as well as sugars.

Get a daily dose of sunlight: Sunlight can help improve your mood. Whenever possible, get outside during daylight hours and expose yourself to the sun.

Challenge negative thinking: Nothing is as bad as it seems at first. Try to move your focus away from concentrating on what is bad in your life.

Find professional help: If none of the above tips help, do not wait for the symptoms to disappear. Seek professional help.

4. You are not alone.

In addition to your treatment, you could also join a support group. At the meetings, people share experiences, feelings, information, and coping strategies for living with depression.

Depression Around the World

Nearly seven percent of American teens and adults are currently living with depression.

About 300 million people around the world are suffering from depression.

1.According to the article, depression is NOT something that ______.

① makes a person feel a little bit sad

② always has a clear cause

③ a person can get rid of

④ happens to a small group of people

A.①②③ B.①②④

C.①③④ D.②③④

2.According to the article, who might be suffering from depression?

A.A teenager who frequently complained of stomachaches before going to school and preferred to stay in her room alone.

B.A firefighter who had a sleepless night after a tough task.

C.A mother who felt really exhausted after helping her child with her homework.

D.An old man who had no appetite for his favorite food and decided to try a new diet.

3.If you had a friend who was living with depression, you should probably suggest he ______.

A.make an overseas trip all by himself

B.stay at the gym and work out day and night

C.concentrate on the negative feelings and try to overcome them

D.take professional advice and accept medical intervention

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

This year, the World Mental Health Day on Oct 10 was marked by the theme: “Depression: A Global Crisis”. According to the World Federation for Mental Health and the WHO, depression has moved beyond the medical domain(领域) to become a social problem. Statistics from the Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center show that of the 287,000 people who commit suicide in China every year, 70 percent are victims of depression.

“This equates to one depression victim taking their life every three minutes,” cited CCTV recently. According to the Beijing-based Capital Medical University, the number of depression patients has been on the rise in the past years and now accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the population, more than the global average of 5 percent.

Wang Shaoli, vice-president of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, a medical center specializing in mental health, said that what makes depression so widespread is that everybody can get it.

“No one is immune to depression,” said Wang. “It has become a social problem because depression kills one’s social capabilities, such as communication, and leads to a negative social mentality.”

According to Wang, depression can be treated with medicine and early psychological consultation. The real problem is the lack of awareness surrounding the issue.

“People with mental health illnesses are discriminated against,” said Wang. “So they are reluctant to go to hospital and often keep the pain to themselves, which only makes matters worse.” Only one in 10 depression victims are properly treated in China, according to the Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center.

“When people get depressed, it becomes part of their thoughts, making them negative, even desperate,” said Wang. “And the ideas are difficult to change.” That’s why Wang suggests early intervention.

“Normally it takes about nine months to treat depression,” said Wang. “But in most cases, patients drop treatment half way when they feel some progress.”

1.How is Para1& 2 mainly supported when it tells that depression has become a social problem?

A．By giving data                          B．By making definition

C．By analyzing causes                      D．By making comparisons

2.According to the passage, which of the following are true EXCEPT________ ?

A．people with depression are more likely to commit suicide.

B．the percentage of depression patients is larger in China than that in the world.

C．more and more people have been suffering from depression.

D．depression can destroy people’s immune system and social capabilities

3.People with mental illnesses are unwilling to go to hospital because __________.

A．the victims think that they will get well soon

B．they are discriminated against and don’t want others to know their illnesses

C．there are few medical centers specializing in mental health

D．there is no way to treat them

4.In Wang Shaoli’s opinion, the better way to deal with mental problem is to _________.

A．force the victims to go to hospital

B．keep their pain to themselves when it appears

C．keep positive and get early psychological consultation

D．more medical centers should be set up

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

JUNIPF.R INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG WRITERS

Hosted by University of Massachusetts Amherst

June 20-28, 2015

The Juniper Institute for Young Writers (JIYW) offers high school students a unique opportunity to participate in intensive creative writing workshops, craft sessions, and studio courses designed especially for young writers. We are pleased to announce that we are now accepting online applications for the 2015 session!

Eligibility (资格)

The Juniper Institute for Young Writers welcomes high school students. We operate on a rolling admissions basis (滚动录取招生政策), and we do our best to make admission decisions within 6 weeks of receiving applications. Once your application is accepted, enrollment (入学, 注册) in the JIYW is guaranteed on a first-come, first-served basis.

Application Process Overview

Applications are accepted online. The application deadline is March 2, 2015. Early application is encouraged, as admission is competitive and the program fills quickly! Application materials include: $30 application fee, a writing sample and a personal statement.

Application Fee

A non-refundable (不退款的) application fee of $30 is required with each application. Applicants pay the fee by debit (借记) or credit card through a secure site on the online application.

A Writing Sample

The writing sample should be 5-7 pages of fiction. Please include your name & email address as a header or footer in the writing sample.

A Personal Statement

This statement of no more than 300 words should describe your interest in the Juniper Institute for Young Writers. Please explain why this would be a meaningful opportunity for you and what you think you can contribute to the institute.

Tuition & Housing

Tuition of $1, 350 includes all institute activities (workshops, craft sessions, studio courses and field trips). You will need to pay a $200 non-refundable tuition deposit in order to guarantee your space. Remaining tuition is due in full no later than May 15, 2015.

The cost of housing is $216 for a shared room in our residence hall. Participants may opt (选择) to stay elsewhere off campus, but the immersive (沉浸式) nature of the program and residence life curriculum encourages on-campus residence.

1.The Juniper Institute for Young Writers program lasts ________.

A. 5 days B. 9 days C. 12 days D. 15 days

2.Potential applicants are advised to ________.

A. apply as early as possible B. live elsewhere off campus

C. inspect the residence hall D. pay the tuition in full

3.Which of the following is acceptable as the writing sample?

A. News reports. B. Biographies.

C. Short stories. D. Business letters.

4.Which of the following is NOT included in the tuition?

A. Studio courses. B. Craft sessions.

C. Field trips. D. Daily meals.

5.We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. the program doesn’t accept online application

B. you can apply for this program before June 20, 2015

C. students’ on-campus residence is not compulsory

D. you can pay $216 to rent your own room in the residence hall

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

America’s  No.1 health problem? A report published by the American Institute of Stress claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor AIDS. The report says: “It has been estimated that75-90 percent of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress related problems”

It is no exaggeration to say that people today are being attacked by stress. According to the National Consumers League, “ Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%),followed by family (30%).Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%)and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).”

However , stress is hardly unique to the United States .A British survey in 2013 estimated that “over half a million individuals in Britain believed in 2012 that they were experiencing work –related stress at a level that was making them ill .” As a result of “work –related stress, depression or anxiety ,”there are “an estimated thirteen and a half million reported lost working days per year in Britain .”\

The picture is no less bleak (荒凉的) in mainland Europe .According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work , “work-related stress has been shown to affect millions of European Workers across all types of employment sectors .” One survey revealed that there are “about 41 million workers affected by work-related stress each year.”

What about Asia ? A report issued by a conference held in Tokyo concluded: “ Job stress is a  common concern among many countries in the world , both developing and industrialized countries .” The report observed that “several countries in East Asia , including China and Korea, have rapidly industrialized and economically grown .These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers’ health.”

1.What did the author indicate by quoting “America’s No.1 Health Problem.” (Para. 1)?

A. He wanted to talk about health problems in America.

B. He meant to introduce the topic of stress

C. He hoped to emphasize the stress in America

D. He wanted to tell readers something about American Institute of Stress

2.Which of the followings is NOT true?

A. The threat of work-related stress is bigger than cancer and AIDS.

B. Stress is always from working and living pressure.

C. Some Americans care about international conflict and terrorism.

D. A lot of English people become ill as a result of stress.

3.We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.

A. Asian people are more willing to develop their countries

B. the rapid economic development is the main reason for stress

C. some people in Asian countries have health problems from employment stress

D. Asian countries have a better situation of stress than Europe

4.It is likely that you’ll read this information in ______.

A. Popular Science             B. New York Medical News

C. Daily Health Report           D. Medicine and Healthcare Journal

5.What’s the best title for this passage ?

A. America’s No.1 Health Problem    B. How to Deal with Stress

C. Attacked by Stress      D. Working Stress around the World

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists are convinced    the positive effect of laughter   physical and mental health.

A. of; at     B. by; in     C. of; on       D. on; at

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

A research by the National Center for Health Statistics is seen as an important confirmation of the“Hispanic mortality paradox（西班牙裔死亡率悖论）.”

On average，Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years. Their life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years，compared with 78.1 for whites，72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total population.

The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at birth and at almost every age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of whites.“Mortality is very correlated with income，education and health care access，”says Elizabeth Arias，author of the report.“You would expect the Hispanic population would have higher mortality，”in line with the black population.

The Hispanic paradox has been documented for more than two decades，but this is the first time the government has had enough data to issue national numbers. Researchers are struggling to explain why Hispanics live longer.

“We don’t know，”says David Hayes-Bautista，director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.“We thought it was a problem in the data，but we can pretty much say this is real.”

Potential factors:

·Culture and lifestyle.  Support from extended family and lower rates of smoking and drinking.Latino groups in particular have very strong family and social ties.

·Migration.  The“healthy migrant effect”argues that healthy people are more likely to emigrate. And when immigrants become ill，they might return home and die there.

Solving the puzzle may help the nation deal with health care issues because Hispanics use health services less—they make fewer doctors visits and spend less time in hospitals，Hayes-Bautista says.“It’s clearly something in the Latino culture，”he says.

1.In 2006，Hispanics’life expectancy is ________ years longer than the average of the total population.

2.What does the underlined word“outlive”in the second paragraph probably mean？

3.What is the main idea of paragraph three？

4.What is Mr.Hayes-Bautista’s opinion about the paradox？

5.Which of the following inferences is true according to the passage？

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Earlier this month, the United States Library of Congress named Katherine Paterson the national ambassador for young people’s literature.

She is only the second person to hold the position. She replaces writer Jon Scieszka,who had served since two thousand eight.

The librarian of Congress, James Billington, said Miz Paterson “represents the finest in literature for young people”. He spoke of the importance of reading in the lives of America’s young people.Miz Paterson has written more than thirty books. She is among only five writers to have won two Newbery Medals. These are among the most important children’s book awards in the United States.

“Bridge to Terabithia” won a Newbery Medal in nineteen seventy-seven. Her book “Jacob Have I

Loved” won the award in nineteen eighty-one.

Katherine Paterson’s books for children are often quite complex. “Bridge to Terabithia” includes

adult themes like depression and death. The book has caused debate because of its place on school

library bookshelves. Some parents think it is too adult for young children. Miz Paterson says the idea

for the book came from a real life experience. Her son’s best friend died in nineteen seventy-four

when she was struck by lightening.

Katherine Paterson is seventy-seven. She began writing as a young mother with three children. But

she says her interest in writing came as a surprise. As a child she had thought about becoming a

Christian religious worker in foreign countries like her parents were.

Katherine Paterson spoke to a gathering of children when she was named ambassador on January

fifth in Washington. She said: “Read for your life. Read for your life as a member of a family, as a part

of a community, as a citizen of this country and a citizen of the world.

1.The Newbery medal is designed for ______.

A. writers with best books for grown-ups      B. children with best books on adult themes

C. writers with best books for children        D. children with best books on nature

2.Which of the following is NOT true about the book Bridge to Terabithia?

A. Its topics include depression and death.     B. It won a Newbery Medal in the 1980s.

C. Some people think it’s for adults only.      D. The idea for it came directly from real life.

3.As a child, Katherine_______.

A. had bad relations with her parents  B. showed great interest in writing books

C. hoped to take part in religious activities     D. began writing books with serious themes

4.The national ambassador for young people’s literature as a position started in_____.

A. 1977           B. 1981            C. 2008         D. 2009

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Earlier this month, the United States Library of Congress named Katherine Paterson the national ambassador for young people’s literature.

She is only the second person to hold the position. She replaces writer Jon Scieszka,who had served since two thousand eight.

The librarian of Congress, James Billington, said Miz Paterson “represents the finest in literature for young people”. He spoke of the importance of reading in the lives of America’s young people.Miz Paterson has written more than thirty books. She is among only five writers to have won two Newbery Medals. These are among the most important children’s book awards in the United States.

“Bridge to Terabithia” won a Newbery Medal in nineteen seventy-seven. Her book “Jacob Have I

Loved” won the award in nineteen eighty-one.

Katherine Paterson’s books for children are often quite complex. “Bridge to Terabithia” includes

adult themes like depression and death. The book has caused debate because of its place on school

library bookshelves. Some parents think it is too adult for young children. Miz Paterson says the idea

for the book came from a real life experience. Her son’s best friend died in nineteen seventy-four

when she was struck by lightening.

Katherine Paterson is seventy-seven. She began writing as a young mother with three children. But

she says her interest in writing came as a surprise. As a child she had thought about becoming a

Christian religious worker in foreign countries like her parents were.

Katherine Paterson spoke to a gathering of children when she was named ambassador on January

fifth in Washington. She said: “Read for your life. Read for your life as a member of a family, as a part

of a community, as a citizen of this country and a citizen of the world.

1. The Newbery medal is designed for ______.

A. writers with best books for grown-ups      B. children with best books on adult themes

C. writers with best books for children        D. children with best books on nature

2. Which of the following is NOT true about the book Bridge to Terabithia?

A. Its topics include depression and death.     B. It won a Newbery Medal in the 1980s.

C. Some people think it’s for adults only.      D. The idea for it came directly from real life.

3. As a child, Katherine_______.

A. had bad relations with her parents       B. showed great interest in writing books

C. hoped to take part in religious activities     D. began writing books with serious themes

4. The national ambassador for young people’s literature as a position started in_____.

A. 1977           B. 1981            C. 2008         D. 2009

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

A recent study led by researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has found a clear link between the color of a taxi and its accident rate. An analysis of 36 months of detailed taxi, driver and accident data from two fleets of yellow and blue taxis in Singapore suggested that yellow taxis have fewer accidents than blue taxis. The higher visibility (能见度) of yellow makes it less difficult for drivers to avoid getting into　 accidents with yellow taxis, leading to a lower accident rate.

The study was led by Prof Ho. To test whether there was a relationship between the color of a taxi and the number of accidents the taxi had, the research team analysed data collected by the largest taxi company in Singapore. The researchers found that yellow taxis have about 6. 1 fewer accidents per 1,000 taxis per month.

They also studied the economic effect of changing the color of the entire fleet of taxis to yellow. The Singapore taxi company involved in the study owns about 16,700 taxis in a ratio(比例) of one yellow to three blue taxis. If a commercial decision is made to switch from blue to yellow taxis, 76.6 fewer accidents will occur per month or 917 fewer accidents per year.

Assuming an average repair cost of $1,000 per car and a downtime of six days, the color of all taxis to yellow could produce an annual saving of $ 2 million.

“We are eager to continue to validate (证实) the findings of our study by looking at the use of yellow in other types of public transport, such as school buses. For example, we hope to compare the accident rates of yellow school buses against those of other colors to find out if yellow is indeed a safer color for school buses. Besides, we’re also interested to look at private-hire vehicles and do a comparison of the accident rates of vehicles that are of different colors.” Explained Prof Ho.

1.Why do yellow taxis result in fewer accidents?

A. Because yellow can be seen more easily.

B. Because yellow signals a warning of danger.

C. Because drivers tend to be more careful in yellow taxis.

D. Because people act more quickly in yellow surroundings.

2.What’s Prof Ho’s study based on?

A. Physical risks taxi passengers experience.

B. The economic effect of changing taxi color.

C. Data from Singapore’s largest taxi company.

D. Personal reports from taxi drivers worldwide.

3.What do Prof Ho’s words in the last paragraph suggest?

A. School buses should be painted yellow.

B. Their findings are worth popularizing.

C. Their study will be furthered.

D. Yellow should be widely used in public transport.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. Caution: yellow taxis ahead　　 B. Safer to ride in yellow taxis

C. Why are yellow taxis preferred?　　 D. How can colors help prevent accidents?

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

A recent study led by researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has found a clear link between the color of a taxi and its accident rate. An analysis of 36 months of detailed taxi, driver and accident data from two fleets of yellow and blue taxis in Singapore suggested that yellow taxis have fewer accidents than blue taxis. The higher visibility (能见度） of yellow makes it less difficult for drivers to avoid getting into accidents with yellow taxis, leading to a lower accident rate.

The study was led by Prof Ho. To test whether there was a relationship between the color of a taxi and the number of accidents the taxi had, the research team analysed data collected by the largest taxi company in Singapore. The researchers found that yellow taxis have about 6.1 fewer accidents per 1,000 taxis per month.

They also studied the economic effect of changing the color of the entire fleet of taxis to yellow. The Singapore taxi company involved in the study owns about 16,700 taxis in a ratio (比例) of one yellow to three blue taxis. If a commercial decision is made to switch from blue to yellow taxis, 76.6 fewer accidents will occur per month or 917 fewer accidents per year.

Assuming an average repair cost of $1,000 per car and a downtime of six days, the color of all taxis to yellow could produce an annual saving of $2 million.

“We are eager to continue to validate(证实) the findings of our study by looking at the use of yellow in other types of public transport, such as school buses. For example, we hope to compare the accident rates of yellow school buses against those of other colors to find out if yellow is indeed a safer color for school buses. Besides, we’re also interested to look at private-hire vehicles and do a comparison of the accident rates of vehicles that are of different colors, ”explained Prof Ho.

1.Why do yellow taxis result in fewer accidents?

A. Because yellow signals a warning of danger.

B. Because yellow can be seen more easily.

C. Because drivers tend to be more careful in yellow taxis.

D. Because people act more quickly in yellow surroundings.

2.What’s Prof Ho’s study based on?

A. Physical risks taxi passengers experience.

B. The economic effect of changing taxi color.

C. Personal reports from taxi drivers worldwide.

D. Data from Singapore's largest taxi company.

3.What do Prof Ho’s words in the last paragraph suggest?

A. School buses should be painted yellow.

B. Their findings are worth popularizing.

C. Their study will be furthered.

D. Yellow should be widely used in public transport.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. Safer to ride in yellow taxis

B. Caution: yellow taxis ahead

C. Why are yellow Taxis preferred?

D. How can colors help prevent accidents?

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析