The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math
Drinking coffee has benefits. ______ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test ______ by many business schools.
The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only ______ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.
“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already ______,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly ______ their improved performance.” ________, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.
Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the ______ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.
Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase ______ and consequently improve performance?
The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on ______ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that ______ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that ______ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.
Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) ______ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical ______, including several for business.
“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help ______ employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and ______.”
1.A.In contrast to B.Contrary to C.In addition to D.Equivalent to
2.A.acquired B.required C.justified D.inquired
3.A.distributes B.stimulates C.dominates D.highlights
4.A.encouraging B.imposing C.conflicting D.challenging
5.A.characterized by B.called for C.responsible for D.typical of
6.A.In short B.By comparison C.In particular D.After all
7.A.lack B., shift C.withdrawal D.presence
8.A.comprehension B.alertness C.conscience D.context
9.A.evidence B.definition C.symptom D.belief
10.A.adaptation B.commitment C.exposure D.alternative
11.A.implication B.expectation C.indication D.illustration
12.A.similar B.concrete C.modified D.estimated
13.A.simplification B.description C.resignation D.application
14.A.enhance B.evaluate C.exploit D.prospect
15.A.negotiation B.priority C.potential D.strategy
高三英语完形填空困难题
The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math
Drinking coffee has benefits. ______ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test ______ by many business schools.
The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only ______ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.
“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already ______,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly ______ their improved performance.” ________, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.
Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the ______ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.
Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase ______ and consequently improve performance?
The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on ______ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that ______ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that ______ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.
Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) ______ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical ______, including several for business.
“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help ______ employees’ or occupants’ experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and ______.”
1.A.In contrast to B.Contrary to C.In addition to D.Equivalent to
2.A.acquired B.required C.justified D.inquired
3.A.distributes B.stimulates C.dominates D.highlights
4.A.encouraging B.imposing C.conflicting D.challenging
5.A.characterized by B.called for C.responsible for D.typical of
6.A.In short B.By comparison C.In particular D.After all
7.A.lack B., shift C.withdrawal D.presence
8.A.comprehension B.alertness C.conscience D.context
9.A.evidence B.definition C.symptom D.belief
10.A.adaptation B.commitment C.exposure D.alternative
11.A.implication B.expectation C.indication D.illustration
12.A.similar B.concrete C.modified D.estimated
13.A.simplification B.description C.resignation D.application
14.A.enhance B.evaluate C.exploit D.prospect
15.A.negotiation B.priority C.potential D.strategy
高三英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析
Cosmetic (整形) surgery is usually performed to correct a physical abnormality or to enhance an otherwise normal physical feature and thus improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is an extremely broad field that may offer reconstructive surgery for a patient after a damaging burn or other physical injuries yet can also be used to smooth out wrinkles or reshape a nose. Cosmetic surgery was first used regularly after World War I, when treatment and reconstruction of war injuries gave hope to young soldiers.
As recently as fifty years ago, as the rich and famous began opting for elective cosmetic surgery, the subject was whispered about and considered taboo. Celebrities（名人） would disappear for months and then appear after secret cosmetic surgery looking younger, prettier, and thinner. Over time, cosmetic surgery has become accepted and even encouraged in some circles. Today there are even television reality shows about it.
Some of the more popular forms of cosmetic surgery are liposuction(抽脂术), in which excessive fat is sucked out of the body with a tube and vacuum device; laser facial resurfacing, which smooths lines on the face around the eyes and mouth and eliminates facial blemishes（瑕疵); and hair replacement surgery, which fills in balding areas using a patient's own hair. There are many more forms of cosmetic surgery, including variations of these.
Anyone interested in cosmetic surgery should consider the risks and remember that it is, ultimately, surgery. Not all procedures come out exactly the way doctors and patients foresee, and recovery is just like any other surgery, complete with pain and the possibility of infection(感染). While cosmetic surgery is an option, patients should choose doctors wisely, obtain several references, and keep realistic expectations.
1.Which kind of person doesn't need a cosmetic surgery?
A. A person who suffers a damaging burn.
B. A person who wants to reshape nose.
C. A person who needs to smooth out wrinkles.
D. A person who wishes to get rid of headache.
2.What is the main reason for a celebrity's opting for cosmetic surgery?
A. The celebrity wants to disappear for months.
B. The celebrity watches television shows about cosmetic surgery.
C. The celebrity wants to be younger, prettier, and thinner.
D. The celebrity is accepted by the entertainment circle.
3.What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The forms of cosmetic surgery.
B. The definition of cosmetic surgery.
C. The effects of cosmetic surgery.
D. The advantages of cosmetic surgery.
4.What is the author's attitude towards cosmetic surgery?
A. Cautious. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Doubtful.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Three-quarters of the world’s coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides (杀虫剂) and chemicals that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (迁徙的) songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification.
Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor. Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon and fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, which is better for people and for the planet.
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat.
Buying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center’s conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends. You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it shipped to your door when you order online.
1.What is the present situation of coffee farms?
A. One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds.
B. Pesticides and chemicals used on them poisoned many birds.
C. Farmers have been aware of environment protection.
D. Scientists pay attention to them and have come up with an idea.
2.What’s a characteristic of Bird Friendly coffees?
A. They may have a better taste. B. They have a strange flavor.
C. They take less time to ripen. D. They are grown on unpolluted land.
3.How can Bird Friendly farmers earn more money?
A. By charging consumers more money.
B. By selling fruits and wood from trees.
C. By cutting down trees and selling wood.
D. By serving as stewards of coffee consumers.
4.What does the text suggest coffee consumers do?
A. Consume less coffee. B. Order coffee online.
C. Purchase shade-grown coffee. D. Donate to coffee farmers.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
As in the field of space travel, new technologies continue to appear in undersea exploration．They share a number of similarities with each other — as well as some important differences．
Manned submersibles （潜水器）, like spaceships, must maintain living conditions in an unnatural environment．While a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water．
In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts．In undersea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the way, and only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles （ROVs） been put to use．
One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to those underwater．A vacuum is an ideal medium for radio communications, but underwater communications are limited to much slower sound waves．Thus, most undersea vehicles — particularly ROVs — operate at the end of long ropes．（电缆终端）
For a similar reason, knowing where you are undersea is much more difficult than in space．A spaceship’s position can be located by following its radio signal, or by using telescopes and radar．For an undersea vehicle, however, a special network of sonar （声纳系统）devices must be laid out in advance on the ocean floor in the area of a dive to locate the vehicle’s position．
Though undersea exploration is more challenging than outer space in a number of respects, it has a distinct advantage: going to the ocean depths doesn’t require the power necessary to escape Earth’s gravity．Thus, it remains far less expensive．
1.The purpose of the passage is ______．
A．to persuade you to explore the depths of the ocean
B．to stress the importance of the undersea exploration
C．to make you believe that the undersea exploration is better
D．to tell some differences between two kinds of explorations
2.By saying “men paved the way” in Paragraph 2 the author means that in undersea exploration ______．
A．unmanned vehicles were used in the beginning
B．men covered the ocean floor with stones and bricks
C．manned vehicles were employed before unmanned ones
D．men invented unmanned remote-operated vehicles in the past
3.The sonar devices must be placed ______．
A．from time to time
B．after the undersea vehicles dive
C．before the undersea vehicles dive
D．when the undersea vehicles are diving
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A．Submersibles usually break up in deep water．
B．Undersea vehicles can receive signals immediately．
C．Going to space needs power to escape the gravity．
D．Radio communications are quite difficult in a vacuum．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
As in the field of space travel, new technologies continue to appear in undersea exploration. They share a number of similarities with each other — as well as some important differences.
Manned submersibles (潜水器), like spaceships, must maintain living conditions in an unnatural environment. While a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water.
In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts. In undersea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the way, and only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles (ROVs) been put to use.
One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to those underwater. A vacuum is an ideal medium for radio communications, but underwater communications are limited to much slower sound waves. Thus, most undersea vehicles — particularly ROVs — operate at the end of long ropes.(电缆终端)
For a similar reason, knowing where you are undersea is much more difficult than in space. A spaceship’s position can be located by following its radio signal, or by using telescopes and radar. For an undersea vehicle, however, a special network of sonar （声纳系统）devices must be laid out in advance on the ocean floor in the area of a dive to locate the vehicle’s position.
Though undersea exploration is more challenging than outer space in a number of respects, it has a distinct advantage: going to the ocean depths doesn’t require the power necessary to escape Earth’s gravity. Thus, it remains far less expensive.
1.The purpose of the passage is ______.
| A．to persuade you to explore the depths of the ocean |
| B．to stress the importance of the undersea exploration |
| C．to make you believe that the undersea exploration is better |
| D．to tell some differences between two kinds of explorations |
2. By saying “men paved the way” in Paragraph 2 the author means that in undersea exploration ______.
| A．unmanned vehicles were used in the beginning |
| B．men covered the ocean floor with stones and bricks |
| C．manned vehicles were employed before unmanned ones |
| D．men invented unmanned remote-operated vehicles in the past |
3.The sonar devices must be placed ______.
| A．from time to time |
| B．after the undersea vehicles dive |
| C．before the undersea vehicles dive |
| D．when the undersea vehicles are diving |
4.What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Submersibles usually break up in deep water. |
| B．Undersea vehicles can receive signals immediately. |
| C．Going to space needs power to escape the gravity. |
| D．Radio communications are quite difficult in a vacuum. |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The performance of this reasonably priced digital camera is _____ in quality to that of more expensive ones.
A. beneficial B. fundamental C. comparable D. competitive
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The witness who appeared in court ____ to speak out the truth instead of covering it up．
A．encouraged B．has been encouraging
C．was encouraging D．had been encouraged
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Mars(火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer, scientists reported Monday. “It suggests that it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars,” NASA’s science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015.
The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said. “What we’re dealing with is wet soil, thin layers of wet soil, not standing water,” said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson, the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s high-resolution imaging experiment.
Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.
The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel. NASA’s goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.
The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks(条痕) on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year.
Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice.
The source of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be melting ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere. Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there’s life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth—something a U. S. lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do.
1.According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be on Mars.
A.salty water B.standing water
C.rocket fuel D.human beings
2.Scientists are uncertain about the of the water on Mars．
A.state B.source
C.temperature D.taste
3.What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?
A.The distance from the sun B.The favorable climate
C.The gravity of the earth D.The salt in it
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Streams of Water Spotted on Mars
B.Astronauts will Land on Mars
C.NASA’s Mars Exploration Program
D.A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Mars( 火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer,scientists reported Monday. "It suggests that. it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars," NASA's science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015. The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said.
"What we're dealing with is wet soil. thin layers of wet soil, not standing water," said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson ! the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment.
Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.
The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel. NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.
The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks(条痕) on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year.
Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice.
The source(源头) of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be melting ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere, Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth - something a U. S. lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do.
1.What would be the best title for the text? '
A Streams of Water Spotted on Mars
B. Astronauts will Land on Mars
C. NASA's Mars Exploration Program
D. A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars
2.According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be on Mars.
A. salty water
B. standing water
C. rocket fuel
D. human beings
3.Scientists are uncertain about the of the water on Mars.
A. state
B. source
C. temperature
D. taste
4.What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?
A. The distance from the sun.
B. The favorable climate.
C. The gravity of the earth
D．The salt in it．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
C
Mars( 火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the summer, scientists reported Monday．"It suggests that．it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars," NASA's science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015．
The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said．"What we're dealing with is wet soil．thin layers of wet soil, not standing water," said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson ! the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment．
Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life．The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet．
The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or
living on Mars．Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket
fuel．NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s．
The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks(条痕) on
the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade
the rest of the year．
Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the
temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit．But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice．
The source of the water is a mystery．Scientists noted it could be melting
ice．It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water．It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere, Or it may be a combination Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on Earth - something a U．S．lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do．
1.What would be the best title for the text? '
A．Streams of Water Spotted on Mars
B．Astronauts will Land on Mars
C．NASA's Mars Exploration Program
D．A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars
2.According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be on Mars．
A．salty water
B．standing water
C．rocket fuel
D．human beings
3.Scientists are uncertain about the of the water on Mars．
A．state
B．source
C．temperature
D．taste
4.What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?
A．The distance from the sun．
B．The favorable climate．
C．The gravity of the earth
D．The salt in it．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析