The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the ______ to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by ______ more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. ______ leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to ______ shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.
Companies can ______ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase ______, enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes ______ frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also ______ potential customers and encourage disloyalty.
Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make ______ judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies ________believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much ______ into the value of a company’s customers.
As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to ______ in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, ______, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”
This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) ______ picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. ______, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.
1.A.item B.version C.term D.definition
2.A.persuading B.consulting C.acquiring D.inspecting
3.A.Considerate B.Visionary C.Determined D.Powerful
4.A.resist B.relieve C.intensify D.maintain
5.A.raise B.adopt C.calculate D.destroy
6.A.income B.experience C.productivity D.demand
7.A.separate B.substitute C.forbid D.combine
8.A.appeal to B.rely on C.put down D.scare off
9.A.informed B.subjective C.definitive D.independent
10.A.fully B.hardly C.readily D.wrongly
11.A.suspicion B.extension C.literacy D.visibility
12.A.sacrifice B.success C.prejudice D.expense
13.A.as a result B.for example C.on the contrary D.in general
14.A.incomplete B.depressing C.convincing D.vivid
15.A.Instead B.Further C.Otherwise D.Therefore
高三英语完形填空困难题
The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the ______ to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by ______ more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. ______ leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to ______ shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.
Companies can ______ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase ______, enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes ______ frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also ______ potential customers and encourage disloyalty.
Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make ______ judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies ________believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much ______ into the value of a company’s customers.
As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to ______ in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, ______, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”
This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) ______ picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. ______, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.
1.A.item B.version C.term D.definition
2.A.persuading B.consulting C.acquiring D.inspecting
3.A.Considerate B.Visionary C.Determined D.Powerful
4.A.resist B.relieve C.intensify D.maintain
5.A.raise B.adopt C.calculate D.destroy
6.A.income B.experience C.productivity D.demand
7.A.separate B.substitute C.forbid D.combine
8.A.appeal to B.rely on C.put down D.scare off
9.A.informed B.subjective C.definitive D.independent
10.A.fully B.hardly C.readily D.wrongly
11.A.suspicion B.extension C.literacy D.visibility
12.A.sacrifice B.success C.prejudice D.expense
13.A.as a result B.for example C.on the contrary D.in general
14.A.incomplete B.depressing C.convincing D.vivid
15.A.Instead B.Further C.Otherwise D.Therefore
高三英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析
Peter Drucker is the world’s most influential management master. Probably more than anyone else, he has helped to determine the nature of management and the tasks and responsibilities of the manager.
Drucker’s interests have ranged broadly. In the 1930s and the 1940s, he wrote a series of thoughtful books on capitalist society. From the 1950s to the 1970s, he wrote a series of books on management. Since the late 1970s, he has been more interested in the impact of technological and social change on management and business.
Drucker’s writings avoid formal theories of management and organization and instead encourage managers to ask basic questions. Famously, he urged managers to stop trying to manage processes and instead seek to manage for results, emphasizing output rather than function. In his view, managers should be the pivot around which the organization works, rather than directors controlling from the top down or officers leading from the front.
According to Drucker, it is the manager who breathes life into the enterprise and makes it function. “The enterprise can decide, act and behave only as its managers do.”
In a milestone passage, Drucker says that there is only one valid purpose for a business：“To create a customer. Markets are not created by nature or economic forces, but by the people who manage a business.” Drucker emphasizes the need to consider the needs and motivations of customers, not just the problems of price and distribution that had formerly controlled marketing.
He also stresses the responsibilities of managers: to achieve economic performance, to make work productive and to manage the social effects that any enterprise has on its environment. Particularly important is the third set of responsibilities. Increased social responsibility, says Drucker, is part of the price that must be paid for commercial success.
Drucker sees management as an art rather than a science and constantly speaks of management in human terms, which has made him the most popular and widely read management writer of all time.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.The biography of Peter Drucker.
B.What makes a good business.
C.The responsibilities of managers.
D.Peter Drucker and his influence on management.
2.What does the underlined word “pivot” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Helper. B.Center.
C.Adviser. D.Controller.
3.Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.Controlling the process of the business is the key to success.
B.Price and distribution decide the domination of markets.
C.A business works well if it has a good functional manager.
D.Managers should put the domination of markets above all.
4.The responsibilities of a manager doesn’t include __________.
A.improving the profit
B.better working efficiency
C.ensuring a better society
D.paying the price for his or her faults
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
I used to think the whole purpose of life was pursuing happiness. Everyone said the path to happiness was success, so I searched for that ideal job, that perfect boyfriend, and that beautiful apartment. But instead of ever feeling fulfilled, I felt anxious and lost. Eventually. I decided to go to graduate school for positive psychology to learn what truly makes people happy.
And what's the difference between being happy and having meaning in life? Many psychologists describe happiness as a state of comfort and ease, feeling good in the moment. Meaning, though, is deeper. The famous psychologist Martin Seligman says meaning comes from belonging to and serving something beyond yourself and from developing the best within you. Our culture is obsessed with happiness, but I came to see that seeking meaning is the more fulfilling path.
There are four pillars of a meaningful life.
The first pillar is belonging. Belonging comes from being in relationships where you're valued for who you are and where you value others as well. For many people, belonging is the most essential source of meaning.
For others, the key to meaning is the second pillar: purpose. Finding your purpose is not the same thing as finding that job that makes you happy. A doctor told me her purpose is healing sick people. Many parents tell me, “My purpose is raising my children.” The key to purpose is using your strengths to serve others. Without something worthwhile to do, people flounder, thus losing the aim of life.
The third pillar of meaning is also about stepping beyond yourself, but in a completely different way: transcendence (超然). Transcendent experiences can change you. Transcendent states are those rare moments when you're lifted above the hustle and bustle of daily life, your sense of self fades away, and you feel connected to a higher reality. For me, I’m a writer, and it happens through writing. Sometimes I get so in the zone that I lose all sense of time and place.
The fourth pillar is storytelling, the story you tell yourself about yourself. Creating a narrative from the events of your life brings clarity. It helps you understand how you became you. But we don’t always realize that we're the authors of our stories and can change the way we’re telling them. Your life isn't just a list of events. You can edit, interpret and retell your story, even as you're constrained by the facts.
That’s the power of meaning. Happiness comes and goes. But when life is really good and when things are really bad, having meaning gives you something to hold on to.
1.What can we know from the first two paragraphs？
A.Life might be fulfilled by landing ideal jobs．
B.Life dilemma is challenging for us to get out of．
C.Meaning is highly valued in our culture．
D.Happiness is what most people try to achieve．
2.Which word is the closest to the underlined word?
A.Confused B.Distracted
C.Disappointed D.Saddened
3.Which pillar can describe an artist obsessed with her work despite repeated failures?
A.Belonging B.Purpose
C.Transcendence D.Storytelling
4.The passage aims to tell us that _______________．
A.meaning is superior to happiness
B.meaning is the way to success
C.chasing meaning can make people happy
D.meaning has deeper psychological significance
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
It is often said that “a picture is worth a thousand words.” That is certainly true of the images of fleeting moments of nature submitted by international ecologists and students for the British Ecological Society’s (BES) annual photography competition. Here are a few of 2019’s winning entries.
Red Night
Photographed by Roberto Garcia Roa, it was declared last year’s overall winner. The image captures both the beauty of the magnificent snake and its fear of human threats like fires. The ecologist says, “During my visit to Madagascar, I had the pleasure of finding this snake and photographing it. To offer a dramatic scene reflecting the conditions that these snakes are suffering, I used an external red light as a source of light to capture the environment.”
The Rhino’s Annual Haircut
It was photographed by ecologist Molly Penny. The ongoing demand for rhino (犀牛) horns has reduced the population to just 30,000 globally. To try to save the species, ecologists in South Africa, home to over 20,000 southern white rhinos, have decided to saw off (锯掉) it part of the animals’ horns, which regrow every year. “The Rhino’s Annual Haircut,” captured beautifully in the black-and-white photo by Molly Penny from the University of the West of England, reduces the risk of the animals being cruelly murdered.
For the Love of Flamingos
Photographed by Peter Hudson, it captures a heart-shaped cloud of pink flamingos in Kenya, which is truly a sight like none other. The ecologist says, “Flamingos are all legs and necks but meanwhile beautiful and fascinating and I admit I have a deep passion for them, so I was thrilled when, flying high over Lake Magadi, I watched this flock from themselves into a heart shape.”.
Flames in Flumes
Photographed by Nilanjan Chatterjee, it captures a water redstart waiting to catch an insect near a small waterfall. It was the best overall student submission. The photographer wanted to show the struggle the river birds are likely to face from the slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.
1.What can we know about “Red Night”?
A.Roberto Garcia Roa suffered a lot to take it.
B.It describes a snake’s suffering in the fires.
C.It won the first place in 2019 BES’ photography competition.
D.Roberto Garcia Roa was very frightened when he took it.
2.What may be the topic of “The Rhino’s Annual Haircut”?
A.The tips on saving an endangered rhino.
B.The cruelty of killing an endangered rhino.
C.The scene of taking part of a horn from a rhino.
D.The method of helping a rhino to grow a horn again.
3.Where was “For the Love of Flamingos” photographed?
A.In South Africa. B.In Kenya.
C.In India. D.In Madagascar.
4.How is “Flames in Flumes” different from the other pictures?
A.It is a student’s work.
B.It was photographed on an island.
C.It is a black-and-white photo.
D.It shows wild animals’ suffering.
5.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To introduce a photography competition.
B.To remind us to protect some animals.
C.To warn us of worsening nature.
D.To introduce some winning photos.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Most of what has been said about the Simiths also true of the Johnsons．
A．are B．is
C．being D．to be
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, "The business of America is business." By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.
Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as “the entertainment industry " or "show business."
The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.
The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates feelings of insecurity for many.
1.The United States is a typical country ________.
A. which encourages free trade at home and abroad
B. where people's chief concern is how to make money
C. where all businesses are managed scientifically
D. which normally works according to the federal budget
2.The influence of business in the U.S. is evidenced by the fact that ________.
A. most newspapers are run by big businesses
B. even public organizations concentrate on working for profits
C. Americans of all professions know how to do business
D. even arts and entertainment are regarded as business
3.According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U.S., dreaming that ________.
A. they can start profitable businesses there
B. they can be more competitive in business
C. they will make a fortune overnight there
D. they will find better chances of employment
4.Henry Ford's statement can be taken negatively because ________.
A. working people are discouraged to fight for their fights
B. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists
C. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor
D. public services are not run by the federal government
5.A company's efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ________.
A. reduction in the number of employees
B. improvement of working conditions
C. fewer disputes between labor and management
D. a rise in workers' wages
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The purpose of a letter of application(求职信)is to help you to“sell”yourself. It should state the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without out any necessary facts.
In writing a letter of application, keep in that the things a possible employer is most to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. the first few sentences fail to the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not your own need or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your in today’s newspaper”, you might say“I have made a careful of your advertising during the past six months”or“I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives your product and why they like it. ”
Try to generalities(概述). Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now . College graduates looking for their first positions often ask“What can I in a letter? Employers want experience—which, naturally, no has. ”The answer is that everything you have ever done is .
It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent is to enclose(内附)a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
1.A. easily B. carefully
C. obviously D. clearly
2.A. done B. found
C. known D. heard
3. A. sending B. leaving
C. taking D. picking
4.A. brain B. sight
C. mind D. order
5.A. probable B. possible
C. able D. likely
6.A. While B. Although
C. If D. As
7.A. win B. pay
C. show D. fix
8.A. kept B. read
C. written D. continued
9. A. from B. for
C. into D. to
10.A. article B. report
C. advertisement D. introduction
11. A. watch B. study
C. search D. discussion
12.A. use B. make
C. sell D. change
13. A. gain B. remember C. protect D. avoid
14.A. applying B. losing
C. preparing D. fitting
15.A. offer B. supply
C. provide D. mean
16. A. worker B. manager
C. owner D. beginner
17.A. success B. experience
C. practice D. development
18.A. State B. Ask
C. Make D. Get
19.A. result B. idea
C. promise D. decision
20. A. easier B. happier
C. cheaper D. safer
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Philosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader than the societal institution of education we often speak of.
Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.
Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes(社会等级), the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic(全面的), including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.
Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.
During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.
During the Renaissance(文艺复兴), the French doubter Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of the educational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.
1.Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?
A.It is the practical applications of the real world.
B.Its theoretical concepts are easily understood.
C.It is irrelevant for education.
D.It is not practically applicable.
2.What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?
A.Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that students need to be constantly questioned.
B.Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning.
C.There was no difference.
D.Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasized upon science.
3.According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism” most probably refers to something _____________
A.that is unnecessary. B.that is of ceaseless importance.
C.that is abstract and theoretical. D.that exists no more.
4.Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?
A.Facts are not important.
B.Facts do not lead to holistic education.
C.Facts change with the changing times.
D.Facts are frozen in time.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The purpose of the campaign is to raise the public’s_______ of the dangers of passive smoking.
A．existence B．connection C．awareness D．consciousness
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
The purpose of the campaign is to raise the public’s_______ of the dangers of passive smoking.
A. existence B. connection C. awareness D. consciousness
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析