HOW BIG should a business team be?It is an enormously important issue for companies, Teams that are too small may lack the skills required to get the job done:teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate.
Robin Dunbar.an anthropologist at Oxford University,has done a lot of work on primate(灵长目)groups.His argument is that the size of the group is linked to the size of the brain.With their large brains,humans can cope with larger bands,A larger social group has many advantages,allowing for greater protection and specialization.
Whereas 150 is sometimes referred to as the"Dunbar number",the academic himself in fact refers to a range of figures.He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends,15 or so good friends,around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances.
Running a larger network can be difficult.The armed forces have spent more than 1,000 years experimenting with unit size.A Roman centurion(百天长)oversaw 100.The modern American army company has 180 members.Britain's equivalent numbers 120.These are rough estimates,rather than fixed figures.But it is striking that many group activities seem to be close to a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service of Britain has four-man patrols;when your life depends on it,you need to have absolute trust in your colleagues.As a result,such groups are limited in size.
For much of economic history,work was conducted in small units by peasants,tenant farmers and craftsmen.The coming of powered machinery enabled production at a much larger scale,with workers crowded into factories.These days the rise of the service economy means that workers are no longer concentrated in such large groups.
This may not be a bad thing.It was easy for employees in large factories to regard remote company owners as "them"rather than"us".The modern company may settle on a model with a small group of"core"workers and a larger group of contract workers.The result may be more united within the core staff but the non-core staff may be less well treated.The small core teams may work effectively.The big question will be the effect on morale of those outside those teams.
1.What does the first paragraph serve as in the whole article?
A.An example of the topic,
B.An introduction to the topic,
C.A guide to the whole article,
D.No relation to the passage at all.
2.What does the underlined"This"in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Workers crowded into factories
B.'These days the service economy has risen.
C.Workers are no longer concentrated in such large groups.
D.Employees regard company owners as"them"rather than"us".
3.What is probably the best model for a company according to the author?
A.A large group of exact 150 workers.
B.A small group of less than 15 core workers.
C.A small group of peasants and a large group of factory workers.
D.A small group of efficient workers and more contract workers.
4.What is the main purpose of writing the text?
A.To offer companies some useful advice.
B.To introduce us the most suitable size of teams.
C.To arouse the readers' interest in Robin Dunbar.
D.To persuade companies to adopt the"Dunbar number".
高三英语阅读理解困难题
HOW BIG should a business team be?It is an enormously important issue for companies, Teams that are too small may lack the skills required to get the job done:teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate.
Robin Dunbar.an anthropologist at Oxford University,has done a lot of work on primate(灵长目)groups.His argument is that the size of the group is linked to the size of the brain.With their large brains,humans can cope with larger bands,A larger social group has many advantages,allowing for greater protection and specialization.
Whereas 150 is sometimes referred to as the"Dunbar number",the academic himself in fact refers to a range of figures.He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends,15 or so good friends,around 50 social friends and 150-odd acquaintances.
Running a larger network can be difficult.The armed forces have spent more than 1,000 years experimenting with unit size.A Roman centurion(百天长)oversaw 100.The modern American army company has 180 members.Britain's equivalent numbers 120.These are rough estimates,rather than fixed figures.But it is striking that many group activities seem to be close to a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service of Britain has four-man patrols;when your life depends on it,you need to have absolute trust in your colleagues.As a result,such groups are limited in size.
For much of economic history,work was conducted in small units by peasants,tenant farmers and craftsmen.The coming of powered machinery enabled production at a much larger scale,with workers crowded into factories.These days the rise of the service economy means that workers are no longer concentrated in such large groups.
This may not be a bad thing.It was easy for employees in large factories to regard remote company owners as "them"rather than"us".The modern company may settle on a model with a small group of"core"workers and a larger group of contract workers.The result may be more united within the core staff but the non-core staff may be less well treated.The small core teams may work effectively.The big question will be the effect on morale of those outside those teams.
1.What does the first paragraph serve as in the whole article?
A.An example of the topic,
B.An introduction to the topic,
C.A guide to the whole article,
D.No relation to the passage at all.
2.What does the underlined"This"in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Workers crowded into factories
B.'These days the service economy has risen.
C.Workers are no longer concentrated in such large groups.
D.Employees regard company owners as"them"rather than"us".
3.What is probably the best model for a company according to the author?
A.A large group of exact 150 workers.
B.A small group of less than 15 core workers.
C.A small group of peasants and a large group of factory workers.
D.A small group of efficient workers and more contract workers.
4.What is the main purpose of writing the text?
A.To offer companies some useful advice.
B.To introduce us the most suitable size of teams.
C.To arouse the readers' interest in Robin Dunbar.
D.To persuade companies to adopt the"Dunbar number".
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
All her life, my mother wanted busy children. It was very important that her house should be clean and tidy all the time.
You could turn your back for a moment in my mother’s house, leave a half-written letter on the dinning room table, a magazine open on the chair, and turn around to find that my mother had “ put it back where it belonged,” as she explained.
My wife, on one of her first visits to my mother’s house, placed a packet of biscuits on an end table and went to the kitchen to fetch a drink. When she returned, she found the packet had been removed. Confused , she set down her drink and went back to the kitchen for more biscuits, only to return to find that her drink had disappeared. Up to then she had guessed that everybody in my family held onto their drinks so as not to make water rings on the end tables. Now she knows better.
These disappearances had a confusing effect on our family. It was common for one of us, upon returning from the bathroom, to find that every sign of his work in progress had disappeared suddenly.
Now my sister has developed a second-hand love of clean windows, and my brother does the cleaning in his house, perhaps to avoid having to be the one to lift his feet. I try not to think about it too much, but I have at this later time started to dust the furniture once a week.
We have all become busy persons.
1.Which of the following is TRUE about my mother?
A. She enjoyed removing others’ drinks.
B. She became more and more forgetful.
C. She preferred to do everything by herself.
D. She wanted to keep her house in good order.
2.My wife could not find her biscuits and drink in my mother’s house because ________.
A. she had already finished them.
B. my mother had taken them away.
C. she forgot where she had left them.
D. someone in my family was holding them.
3.The underlined part in the fifth paragraph suggests that my sister ________.
A. is happy to clean windows. B. loves to clean used windows.
C. has fallen in love with used windows. D. likes to clean windows as my mother did.
4.This text mainly tells us that ________.
A. my mother often made us confused.
B. my family members had poor memories.
C. my mother helped us to form a good habit.
D. my wife was surprised when she visited my mother.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy(策略)and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size .Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.
In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.
How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.
In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.
Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get things right , rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top.
1. What does the underlined part “gain an edge ”in Paragraph 2 mean ?
A. Increase the speed.
B. Get an advantage.
C. Reach the limit.
D. Set a goal.
2.. The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ___________.
A. spending more time and performing worse.
B. spending more time and performing better
C. spending less time and performing worse
D. spending less time and performing better
3.What can we learn from the text?
A. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.
B. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.
C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.
D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.
4.. Which could be the best title for the text?
A. Improve quality? Serve better.
B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.
C. Reduce time? Move faster.
D. Need speed? Slow down.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
What are your goals? Why is setting goals important?
Wise people imagine how their life should be and set lots , of goals. By setting goals you are taking control 1.your life. It’s like having a map to show you where you want to go. Think of it in this way. These are two drivers. One with a destination in mind can drive straight there without any 2. (waste) time or wrong turns. The 3.driver having no goal or destination just starts and drives aimlessly around, never 4. (get) anywhere.
5. (win) in life set goals and follow them. They decide what they want in life and then get there by, making plans and setting goals. 6. (success) people just let life happen to them by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set 7.they aren’t difficulty to reach. It’s up to you to find out 8.your goals really are. You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it, .Written goals can 9. (view) regularly and have more power. When you write your goals in a particular way, you are able to make yourself 10. (continuous) aware of situations where you are nearer to your goal.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
教材单句填空,每个空格只填一个单词。
1.It can be an analysis of how teams are __________ in the various sports leagues, or a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of different players and their teams.
2.__________ Australia’s small population, its outstanding performance at the Olympic Games was really amazing.
3.The Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs are among the most extraordinary cultural __________ to be found anywhere.
4.Colour is a medium for expressing different feelings, but the meaning of colour is not __________ across different cultures.
5.After spending every penny of his money and being __________ to hiring himself out to feed pigs, he realized that he had been a fool and went home.
6..In __________ with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up an agency called the World Food Programme (WFP) in 1963.
7..This is why many people are __________ for the use of alternative energy sources.
8..Older Americans are on the __________ .Throughout the Midwest and the Northeast, people aged 60 and over are packing their bags and heading south along the freeway to states like Florida.
9..Contrary to what many people think, HIV cannot be __________ through mosquitoes, a cough or sneeze, or by merely touching someone with Aids.
10..You need to work with every __________ of your being.
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Hotels should be as good as their guests think they are. Guest satisfaction is quite important to any hotel. 1. And even in many cases they will have to go above and beyond to impress the guests.
2.
In today’s world where everything is available on the Internet, customers tend to get their first information about the hotels online. The guest experience begins long before they arrive at the front desk to check in.
Know your customers.
Customer satisfaction is more than just a smile when you greet them. Knowing the customer base is what matters the most. Connect with your guests before they arrive at the front desk. 3. It will help the hotel to add some touches and details that personalize the guest experience.
Train your staff.
4. A staff well-trained in dealing with the complaints, but more importantly avoiding them in the first place, will do better overall. Your employees must be friendly, welcoming and approachable.
Respond to guest feedback(反馈).
The hotel industry can be a tough one with requests and complaints coming in online, by email, phone or in person. So it’s important to actively respond to guest feedback. 5.
A. Use social media to learn more about them.
B. A good website improves the customer experience.
C. Hotels need to provide the guests experience as promised.
D. It’s a must-have service that all guests expect when they arrive.
E. Every member of the hotel plays a significant role in the guest experience.
F. You can’t make each person who stays in the hotel feel like they are at home.
G. When you do this, you are showing other travelers that you value the opinion of your guests.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
The benefits of telling a bedtime story should never be neglected by any parent. It is important to your child’s overall development.
Telling bedtime stories helps your child expand his vocabulary, improves his listening skills, and develops his ability to understand events and characters. His oral communication skills will improve. Storytelling is a great way to make your child interested in reading and also in expressing their thoughts through writing.
There are various thinking skills that are mastered by your little one as he listens to a story. He learns to recall the information and use it in real life. As your child listens to different ideas, he will be more open to accept new ideas. He learns to be more flexible in his thinking but, at the same time, have his own points of view.
Your child also learns to solve problems through stories. For instance, he may behave appropriately in various situations. Your child will learn a lot from the story and pay attention to his behavior.
Some tales tell us of moral values, which are important for your child’s moral development. Knowing that other kids also learn basic manners and respect for elders in stories, he will son develop a set of moral values for his own.
The last but not least benefit would be the quality time you spend together with your child. This close and personal time between the parent and the child is not easily copied in other situations. Your child will have a good relationship with you.
1.The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that telling bedtime stories can help children__________
A.acquire communication skills B.change their attitudes to learning
C.develop good characteristics D.improve their learning abilities
2.How can children learn to solve problems through stories?
A.By applying what others do to similar situations.
B.By comparing different kinds of problems.
C.By accepting various new thoughts and ideas.
D.By trying to be more flexible with new things.
3.Telling bedtime stories contributes to a better parent – child relationship because__________
A.parents spend more time together with their children
B.children’s thinking ability grows through the stories
C.children can learn a log from bedtime stories
D.bedtime stories tell children of moral values
4.How is the text mainly developed?
A.By comparing details. B.By listing examples.
C.By explaining reasons. D.By telling stories.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
240. It is an important problem. You should ________ before you draw a conclusion.
A.think about | B.think it over | C.think of it | D.think over it |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
The discovery of how bronze is made was probably accidental, but it
to be an important event.
A.turned over | B.turned about | C.turned out | D.turned off |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
阅读理解。
Having good etiquette (礼节) at the workplace is very important to be a favorite in an office.However,it’s observed that many people aren’t aware of the workplace etiquette and this creates a very bad impression in the office.So it’s important to know some workplace etiquette tips.
Among all the workplace etiquette guidelines,the most important is to be punctual to your office.Though going late due to an emergency is okay,habitual late comers are never appreciated in any organization.By arriving at your office on time,you show that you’re aware of your responsibilities and have respect for the organization.In case you feel that you would be late,call the concerned authority and report the matter to him or her.
Also,a proper knowledge of the workplace email etiquette is a must.In the official emails,you need to mention the subject concisely,while at the same time include all the important details which are to be shared.You should use good and grammatically correct language while writing emails.
A knowledge of telephone etiquette in the workplace is very important as well.While talking on the telephone,be polite and listen to what they’re saying carefully.Only then should you say what you feel.Speak in a voice which would be heard clearly at the other end.
The workplace guidelines are important even while you’re dining or celebrating with your coworkers.If you get a call in between,receive it after you’re permitted by the others by saying “excuse me”.Don’t talk loudly while eating.Greet people well and try to make them feel comfortable while being in your company.
These guidelines will help you become the best employee of a company.All the best!
1.Why should you try to be punctual?
A.To prove you are not a habitual late comer.
B.To respect the rules of the organization.
C.To show that you are a responsible worker.
D.To win other workers’ respect.
2.How should you write an official email?
A.Write the subject clearly and simply.
B.Include all the details in the email.
C.Make the language as beautiful as possible.
D.Make emails as brief as possible.
3.Which of the following is considered NOT acceptable about making phone calls in the workplace?
A.Using polite language.
B.Listening with patience and care.
C.Speaking clearly.
D.Answering a call whenever it comes in.
4.In the writer’s opinion,workplace etiquette________.
A.is easy to master
B.is considered important by all employees
C.can be helpful in doing your work well
D.will bring you good luck and good salaries
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析