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Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society”. Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys’ and girls’ toy preferences may have a biological origin.
In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex-typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 fema
le monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.
If children’ s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “gender appropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.
1.Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________.
A. are passed down from their parents
B. are largely formed in later life
C. have nothing to do with gender socialization
D. have a biological origin
2.The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________.
A. also have a sex typical toy preference
B. also play toys as humans do
C. have no toy preferences
D. like to play different toys at different time
3.Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________.
A. find more evidence for traditional sociology
B. test the intelligence of monkeys
C. test whether monkeys like to play toys
D. find out why boys and girls prefer different toys
4.According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, ________.
A. only the male monkeys showed interest
B. the female monkeys showed more interest
C. the male and female monkeys showed the same interest
D. neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest
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Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society”. Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys’ and girls’ toy preferences may have a biological origin.
In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.
If children’ s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “gender appropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.
1.Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________
A．are passed down from their parents
B．are largely formed in later life
C．have nothing to do with gender socialization
D．have a biological origin
2.The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________
A．also have a sex typical toy preference
B．also play toys as humans do
C．have no toy preferences
D．like to play different toys at different time
3.Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________
A．find more evidence for traditional sociology
B．test the intelligence of monkeys
C．test whether monkeys like to play toys
D．find out why boys and girls prefer different toys
4.According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, _______
A．only the male monkeys showed interest
B．the female monkeys showed more interest
C．the male and female monkeys showed the same interest
D．neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest
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Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society”. Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys’ and girls’ toy preferences may have a biological origin.
In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral(中性的) toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly（显著地） greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.
If children’s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “gender appropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.
1.Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________.
A. are passed down from their parents
B. have a biological origin
C. have nothing to do with gender socialization
D. are largely formed in later life
2.The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________.
A. also play toys as humans do
B. also have a sex typical toy preference
C. have no toy preferences
D. like to play different toys at different time
3.Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________.
A. find out why boys and girls prefer different toys
B. test the intelligence of monkeys
C. test whether monkeys like to play toys
D. find more evidence for traditional sociology
4.Masculine toys are mainly intended for________.
A. monkeys B. adult C. boys D. girls
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Mary______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up B. took up
C. made up D. turned up
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Kathy _________ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up B. took up
C. made up D. turned up
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The little boys were tricks on the girl when their teacher came into the classroom.
A. to play with B. playing to
C. going to play for D. about to play
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Kathy ______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up
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Traditionally, across the world, boys and girls attend a mixed school, where they study together. But boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.
Boys at single—sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to correspond to（和……相符）the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.
The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warmed that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.
The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when girls do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.
But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys’ learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study’s author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on” lessons where they are allowed to walk around. “Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine（女性的）and prefer the modern genre（类型）in which violence and sexism are major themes,” James wrote.
Single—sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel that they had to be “masterful and in charge” in relationships. “In mixed schools, boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,” the study reported.
1.The author believes that a single-sex school would ________.
A. force boys to hide their emotions to be “real men”
B. help boys to be more competitive in schools
C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely
D. naturally strengthen boys traditional image of a man
2.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys ________.
A. behave more responsibly
B. grow up more healthily
C. perform relatively better
D. receive a better education
3.According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single—sex schools is that ________.
A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys
B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted
C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in
D. teaching can be designed to promote boys' team spirit
4.What does the underlined word “acute” in Paragraph 7 mean?
A. lovely.. B. sharp.
C. serious. D. dull
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Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way the boys and girls response to________ situations .
A. likely B. alike C. same D. similar
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Anyone who has spent time with children ________ the difference in the way boys and girls ________ similar situations.
A．aware of; respond B．is aware of; respond
C．aware; respond to D．is aware of; respond to
le monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.