For centuries, medical pioneers have refined ...

For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts. These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals'chances of survival.

1. In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.

B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Donated cells, tissues and organs.

D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

2.What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients. 　　 B. Rats. 　　　 C. Soldiers. 　　　　 D. Sheep.

3.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

B. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

C. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

D. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

4.What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine?

A. Doubtful.　　 B. Reserved. 　　 C. Positive.　　 D. Negative.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.

These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.

1. In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Donated cells, tissues and organs.

B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.

D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

2. What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients. B. Rats. C. Sheep. D. Soldiers.

3.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

B. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

C. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

D. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

4. What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine?

A. Positive.　　 B. Negative.

C. Doubtful.　　 D. Reserved.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts. These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals'chances of survival.

1. In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.

B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Donated cells, tissues and organs.

D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

2.What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients. 　　 B. Rats. 　　　 C. Soldiers. 　　　　 D. Sheep.

3.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

B. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

C. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

D. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

4.What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine?

A. Doubtful.　　 B. Reserved. 　　 C. Positive.　　 D. Negative.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.

These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs—from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.

1.In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Donated cells, tissues and organs.　　 B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.　　 D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

2.What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients　　 B. Rats

C. Sheep　　 D. Soldiers

3.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

B. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

C. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

D. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

4.What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine？

A. Positive.　　 B. Negative.

C. Doubtful.　　 D. Reserved.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.

These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting

for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.

1.In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Donated cells, tissues and organs.

B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.

D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

2.What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients. 　　　　 B. Rats.

C. Sheep. 　　　　　　 D. Soldiers.

3.Why is regenerative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

B. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

C. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

D. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

4.What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine?

A. Positive.　　 B. Negative.

C. Doubtful.　　 D. Reserved.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

People in 29 states can legally use medical marijuana（ X #K） for a variety of problems, including the relief of pain, anxiety or stress. But what if they want to travel with it?

Secure airport areas beyond the Transportation Security Administration（TSA） checkpoints are under federal control, and the federal government classifies marijuana as a Schedule I（most harmful）substance, even in states where it is legal for adults to consume it.

The laws conflict, but federal law trumps state law, making it illegal to fly with marijuana in carry-on or checked luggage. It is also illegal to transport marijuana across state lines, even if both states have legalized it.

Still, some passengers, especially on domestic flights, take the risk, because searching for marijuana is the TSA’s to-do list. The agency focuses “on terrorism and security threats to the aircraft and its passengers, "a spokesman, Bruce Anderson, said. Airport screeners are looking for things that can take down an airplane, like guns or explosives, not marijuana, he said. But if screeners do notice marijuana in someone's carry-on or checked luggage, Mr. Anderson said, they will call in local airport law enforcement officials to deal with it.

Of the 54 million passengers who went through Denver Interactional Airport in 2015， the TSA stopped just 29 for possession of marijuana, an airport spokesman, Heath Montgomery, said. In those cases, as long as the amount was legal for personal possession in Colorado--one ounce of dried flower, for example-the local police simply asked the flier to dispose of it, either by throwing it in the trash or taking it home. All 29 obeyed, and no tickets were issued.

Local airport authorities handle the situation differently in different states. In Florida, where medical marijuana is legal but recreational use is not, few are stopped for possession in the airport, t they do face penalties（处罚. Eleven of the approximately 2.8 million passengers who were screened by the TSA at Jacksonville International Airport in 2016 were detained（扣押）for possession of marijuana, said Michael D. Stewart, the airport’s director of external affairs. All were arrested or given a notice to appear in court, he said.

1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "trumps" in Paragraph 3？

A.Respects B.Beats

C.Explains D.Observe

2.What is on the TSA’s to-do list？

A.To classify marijuana B.To legalize the transport of marijuana

C.To search luggage for marijuana D.To spot items likely to blow up

3.What happened in Denver International Airport in 2015？

A.29 passengers in all were detained by the TSA.

B.Lots of passengers with marijuana passed the checkpoints.

C.No passengers were punished for possession of marijuana.

D.It received an increasing number of security threats.

4.What do we know about the law in Florida？

A.Marijuana can’t be used for entertainment

B.It is the same as the law in Colorado

C.Patients won’t be screened by the TSA

D.Doctors giving patients marijuana face penalties

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A new wave of psychological research is pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) to treat medical conditions from social anxiety to Alzheimer's disease.

Riding a wave of interest in mental health tech, companies creating VR content for treatment are receiving a flood of attention and funding. And, while VR has been used successfully to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since the 1990s, these new programs address a much broader range of conditions. The library of Palo Alto-based Limbix, for instance, includes VR content designed to treat issues including alcohol addiction and teenage depression. Barcelona-based Psious offers treatments for eating disorders.

Today's VR content is primarily designed to aid exposure treatment, a treatment for anxiety disorders in which patients are exposed to the “threats” they're worried about in a safe, controlled environment, eventually learning that the “threats” are not actually very dangerous. For example, someone who fears heights might visit taller and taller buildings under the guidance of their doctor, while someone with PTSD might revisit painful memories.

VR allows doctors to create a safe and controlled environment inside a VR headset. It's a far safer, quicker and less expensive option. Using VR also gives doctors much more control over the intensity(强度)of their patients' experiences, which can lead to better treatment outcomes, said Stephane Bouchard, a professor at the University of Quebec. VR treatment patients can also do things they couldn't do in the real world. “In one of our studies, we asked patients who are afraid of heights to actually jump from a cliff,” Bouchard said.

However, not all VR treatment content is created equal. “Some companies show videos of VR environments that are incomplete, untested and definitely haven't been tried out by psychologists,” Bouchard said. Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work.

1.What problems can VR be used to treat according to the passage?

A.The fear of heights, blood pressure and eating disorders.

B.Social anxiety, PTSD and alcohol addiction.

C.Alzheimer's disease, heart attack and teenage depression.

D.Sleeping disorders, deafness and computer addiction.

2.What is the main idea of Para 4?

A.The benefits of using VR treatment. B.The principles of using V R treatment.

C.The side effects of using VR treatment. D.The causes of using VR treatment.

3.Which word can be used to describe the future of VR treatment?

A.Passive. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Worrying.

4.What will be most probably discussed in the paragraph following the passage?

A.Wide use of VR treatment. B.Criteria of VR treatment.

C.Problems VR treatment are facing. D.Reasons why VR treatment standards are needed.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

It struck me like lightning how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago _____ women’s education was always placed second to men’s.

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Varieties of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose 　　 to start with.

A. it　　 B. that

C. each　　 D. one

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

21st Century, _____ weekly newspaper, provides us with ______ variety of fresh articles about campus studies and life.

A. a; a             B. the; the         C. a; /             D. the; /

高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析