Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(桡骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
1.French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.
A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
2. Scientists have found that _______.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies
C. astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
3. What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?
A. The food they eat in space. B. The drinks they take in space.
C. The temperature in space. D. The gravity in space.
4.In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.
A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(桡骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
1.French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.
A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
2. Scientists have found that _______.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies
C. astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
3. What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?
A. The food they eat in space. B. The drinks they take in space.
C. The temperature in space. D. The gravity in space.
4.In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.
A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Do astronauts get space sick when they travel from Earth to the International Space Station (ISS)? Yes, astronauts can get space sick travelling to the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的) Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening.
As you probably know, gravity is lower inside the ISS. The low gravity in space allows astronauts to float around, which looks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness.
Recent experiments show that space sickness is related to our inner ear. Two separate parts of the inner ear respond to sudden changes in direction. If you shake or move your head very quickly, you can get dizzy. However, this normally passes very quickly. This normal response is upset under low gravity: your inner ear thinks you are constantly moving. It takes some time to adapt to the new condition of weightlessness. It is made worse if you move your head while your body is still adapting. This is why previous astronauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely to suffer from space sickness more than the current astronauts travelling in the cramped Soyuz spacecraft. The astronauts were less likely to move their heads around very much in a narrow space.
Space sickness was not talked about in the early space missions (任务).The original Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Soyuz, cramped. The astronauts were less likely to get sick, so space sickness no longer became a concern of NASA.
In 1983 the first detailed study was carried out aboard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7) by astronaut-doctor Norm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astronauts themselves. None of them wanted admit to being space sick. They were worried that mission control might remove them from space walking opportunities, or even worse, that they might not get included on later space missions.
1.What was the problem with the Space Shuttle?
A.It was too slow.
B.It was too small.
C.It broke down often.
D.It had too much space.
2.How does low gravity hurt astronauts?
A.It fools their inner ear.
B.It causes pain in their head.
C.It stops them shaking their head.
D.It prevents them measuring their weight.
3.Why wasn’t NASA worried about space sickness until later missions?
A.The condition had been kept secret to the public.
B.There were few detailed studies on it.
C.The old spacecraft were better equipped.
D.The astronauts were less likely to get sick.
4.What does the underlined word “hampered” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Changed. B.Improved.
C.Blocked. D.Compared.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The International Space Station allows astronauts to live in space for extended amounts of time, enabling them to explore the outside universe and conduct many experiments. However, nothing like that exists for our oceans, and thanks to the high water pressure, ocean researchers are able to explore what lies undersea for very short periods of time.
They are therefore never able to fully explore the deep inside areas of our oceans. However, if French architect Jacques Rougerie has his way, that will change soon.
Jacqucs has designed a ship that will allow researchers to spend a long period of time observing the sea life and conducting experiments. The huge 167ft ship, named 'Sea Orbiter', consists of two areas—one above the water where the scientists and crew will live, and a lower pressurized deck (甲板), where scientists will be able to spend as much time as they wish. Since it is powered by sea currents and wind, he expects it to drift (漂流) along the oceans slowly, taking about two years to circumvent the globe.
Jacques will make their life as comfortable as possible in the ship. Besides being equipped with the latest sailing tools and communication equipment, the ship will also have a gym, a television and a DVD player. And these guys will not be eating freeze-dried food like astronauts. Instead, Jacques, an accomplished chef, plans on cooking them delicious meals every day.
The biggest problem to this giant ship is the cost, which is expected to be over $500 million—per ship! However, Jacques, who strongly believes that the secrets of our oceans may be the key to solving global warming and a vital supply for food and medicine in the future, is confident he will be able to convince governments all over the world to help out, and expects to start construction on not one, but four or five of these amazing ships soon!
1.Why can’t ocean researchers explore the deep oceans for a long time?
A. Because they can’t stand the high water pressure.
B. Because it’s too cold in deep ocean.
C. Because time for experiments is too limited.
D. Because it’s dangerous to observe the sea life.
2.The underlined word "circumvent" probably means________.
A. fly away B. get around C. travel through D. move into
3.From the fourth paragraph we can learn that________.
A. Jacques intends to design the ship mainly for sightseeing and traveling
B. living a comfortable life helps to do the ocean research quickly
C. it’s much more expensive to eat freeze-dried food
D. researchers on Jacque’s ship will live more comfortably than astronauts
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Sea Orbiter—the ship of the future
B. A new way to explore the deep oceans
C. A great architect—Jacques Rougerie
D. Travel around the globe in Sea Orbiter
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The Internationa1 Space Station allows astronauts to live in space for extended amounts of time, enabling them to explore the outside universe and conduct many experiments. However, nothing like that exists for our oceans, and thanks to the high water pressure, ocean researchers are able to explore what lies undersea for very short periods of time.
They are therefore never able to fully explore the deep inside areas of our oceans. However, if French architect Jacques Rougerie has his way, that will change soon.
Jacques has designed a ship that will allow researchers to spend a long period of time observing the sea life and conducting experiments. The huge l67ft. ship, named ‘Sea Orbiter’, consists of two areas—one above the water where the scientists and crew will live, and a lower pressurized deck (甲板), where scientists will be able to spend as much time as they wish. Since it is powered by sea currents and wind, he expects it to drift (漂流) along the oceans slowly, taking about two years to circumvent the globe.
Jacques will make their life as comfortable as possible in the ship. Besides being equipped with the latest sailing tools and communication equipment, the ship will also have a gym, a television and a DVD player! And these guys will not be eating freeze-dried food like astronauts. Instead, Jacques, an accomplished chef, plans on cooking them delicious meals every day.
The biggest problem to this giant ship is the cost, which is expected to be over $500 million—per ship! However, Jacques, who strongly believes that the secrets of our oceans may be the key to solving global warming and a vital supply for food and medicine in the future, is confident he will be able to convince governments all over the world to help out, and expects to start construction on not one, but four or five of these amazing ships soon!
1.Why can’t ocean researchers explore the deep oceans for a long time?
A. Because they can’t stand the high water pressure.
B. Because it’s too cold in deep ocean.
C. Because time for experiments is too limited.
D. Because it’s dangerous to observe the sea life.
2.The underlined word “circumvent ” probably means________.
A. fly away B. go around C. travel through D. move into
3.From the fourth paragraph we can learn that________.
A. Jacques intends to design the ship mainly for sightseeing and traveling
B. living a comfortable life helps to do the ocean research quickly
C. it’s much more expensive to eat freeze-dried food
D. researchers on Jacques ’ ship will live more comfortably than astronauts
4.In Jacques’ opinion, which of the following is not the purpose of the undersea research?
A. To find supply for food in the future.
B. To find supply for medicine in the future.
C. To draw governments’ attention to the construction of the ship.
D. To solve the global warming.
5.Which of the fol1owing would be the best title for the text?
A. Sea Orbiter—the ship of the future
B. A new way to explore the deep oceans
C. A great architect—Jacques Rogerie
D. Travel around the globe in Sea Orbiter
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Make space in your summer for free fun
You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut.You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937.But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum’s first Family Day of the season—to tell you all about her adventures.(Okay，it’s actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions，too.Come to learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25.At “Discover the Moon Day！” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet)，examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon，see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3－D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz.We’ll give you one example:July 20，1969—46 years ago this month.Do you know what happened that day?
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 a.m.to 7:30 p.m.through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5:30 p.m.；visit our website for details).
Family Day programs are from 10 a.m.to 3 p.m.Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 a.m.to 5 p.m.and Saturday from 9 a.m.to 4 p.m.
All ages，but best for age 7 and older.
For more information，call 202－633－2214 or go to www.airandspace.si.edu.
1.What can museum visitors do on July 16?
A.Create lunar art.
B.Step into an unusual capsule.
C.See a movie about Earhart’s adventures.
D.Learn about a missing woman pilot’s adventures.
2.What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day！”？
A.It includes a moon quiz competition.
B.It’s the first Family Day at the museum.
C.It features a famous astronaut’s explanations.
D.It gives people first－hand experience of space.
3.What’s the closing time for the Family Day programs?
A.3 p.m. B.4 p.m.
C.5:30 p.m. D.7:30 p.m.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The president is talking on ____ phone with astronauts in ____ space.
A. 不填；the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Is it your dream to fly and to work in space? Do you want to be a NASA astronaut? Like many jobs, the first thing would be to fill out the application. A record-breaking 18,300 people filled out applications recently when NASA announced it was filling its 2017 Astronaut Candidate program. But out of those 18.300 applicants, just eight to 14 will be hired by the U.S. space agency.
It will take 18 months to decide who will be in the new class of astronauts. NASA will review all of the files, which will later go to its current team of astronauts, to make sure they meet the basic qualifications.
The first requirement is the applicants must be U.S. citizens. They need a college degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics. They also need at least three years of experience in a similar field or at least 1,000 hours as a jet airline pilot.
There are requirements to pass a physical test. And then there are personality qualities tests as well. What kinds of personalities is NASA looking for in an astronaut? NASA’s Selection Manager Anne Roemer said, “I think leadership , teamwork, the ability to not only work on a team, lead a team, but also follow, be a follower on a team. Communication certainly plays a role, so it’s some pretty common skills that I think translate into even other professions.”
About 120 applicants will be invited to the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas, for a first round of interviews, about half of whom will go back for a second round. Once selected, they must complete two years of training in everything about spaceflight-things like learning about all the systems used by NASA, walking in space and Russian language training. Until the U.S. has a working vehicle to launch into space, NASA still depends on Russia to get astronauts into space.
1.What is the percentage of employment among the applicants?
A. About half of them B. About 8 to 14
C. About 120 applicants D. Less than 0.08 percent
2.Which do you think is the most important personality quality according to NASA’S Selection Manager?
A. Devotion B. Team spirit
C. Communication D. Perseverance
3.Which is NOT the basic requirement the applicants have to meet?
A. A college degree in required areas.
B. Related experience.
C. Speaking Russian fluently.
D. Passing physical and personality tests.
4.Which may be the best title for the passage?
A. What is takes to be an astronaut?
B. What an astronaut should train in?
C. NASA welcome its most applicants ever.
D. NASA 2017 Astronaut Candidate program.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Not until we saw the manager did we know that the bank ________the company for the purpose of reducing its borrowings.
A. took part in B. caused damage to
C. put pressure on D. drew attention to
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
On 7, August, 2015, astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) got to eat a special treat. No, it wasn’t a cookie or cake. It was red lettuce they had grown themselves in space.
“It was one small bite for man, one giant leap for NASAVEGGIE,” astronaut Scott Kelly wrote on Twitter. (Kelly based his tweet on the words astronaut Neil Armstrong famously used in 1969, after becoming the first person to ever walk on the moon. “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind,” he said at the time.)
“NASAVEGGIE” refers to the ISS’s Veggie plant-growth system. It uses special red, blue, and green LED lights to grow plants. The system is a big step toward NASA’s goal of developing a way to grow food in space during future long space missions deep into the solar system.
Kelly and fellow NASA astronaut Kjell Lindgren prepared the red romaine lettuce like many people do on Earth. They cleaned it, and then mixed it with olive oil and vinegar. Then they gobbled up the leafy red greens. “That’s awesome!” Lindgren said after taking a bite.
It was the first taste of fresh food the astronauts had had in a long time, since there is no refrigeration on the ISS. They ate half the lettuce. The rest was packaged and frozen so that it could be returned to Earth for testing.
Lindgren and Kelly are the only two NASA astronauts currently on the space station. The other crew members are Russian astronauts Gennady Padalka, Mikhail Komienko, and Lleg Kononenko, and Japanese astronaut Kimiya Yui.
Kelly and Kornienko have been on the ISS since March. They plan to spend 342 days in space, in part to help determine the effects of long-term space travel on astronauts’ bodies. They traveled to the ISS with Padalka, who will return to Earth in September.
Kelly and Komiendo’s job — which will be one of the longest-ever stay in space by astronauts — will help pave the way for future long-term space tasks. NASA plans to send humans to an asteroid by 2025 and to Mars by the 2030s.
1.Why is growing food in space very important?
A.It is a symbol of scientific development.
B.It will help solve the hunger problem
C.Astronauts can get enough nutritious food.
D.People plan to go into the deep space.
2.What Kelly said in Para. 2 suggests that _____.
A.it is a great success to grow fresh food in space
B.he respected Neil Armstrong very much
C.mankind makes great progress in exploring space
D.humans should speed up to land on Mars
3.Who will remain in the ISS until March, 2016?
A.Padalka and Kononenko. B.Yui and Lindgren.
C.Kelly and Kormienko. D.Kelly and Lindgren.
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Astronauts grow their favorite food in space.
B.Astronauts get more fresh food from space.
C.Astronauts plant vegetables for a journey to Mars.
D.Astronauts eat fresh food grown on the ISS.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is interesting how NASA(美国航天航空局) chose their astronauts for landing them on the moon. They chose men 36 the ages of twenty and thirty-five. There were about fifty of them. Some were 37 air pilots, and 38 were scientists with two or three degrees. NASA telephoned each man they were going to choose, told him the plans and the 39 they might get into. They then asked him if he was willing to be trained as an astronaut, “How could any man 40 such an exciting job?” One of them said, “Dangerous? Of course. It’s dangerous 41 most exciting.”
The health and physical condition of the people was, 42 , very necessary. Only those in very good health and physical condition were 43 .
While being trained to be astronauts, they went through many 44 . They studied the star and the moon, and they also studied geology, the science of rocks. This was necessary 45 astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon. They would try to find rocks which might help to tell the 46 of the moon. They were all 47 to fly in helicopters. There helicopters landed straight down to give them some 48 of the way the spaceship would actually land on the 49 . They were also taught the known facts about the 50 in space. They learnt about all the scientists and engineers who 51 spaceships. They visited the 52 where spaceships were repaired. They learnt how every 53 of a spaceship and its instruments work. They also learnt every detail of ground-control 54 .
In a word, to be chosen as astronaut, one must be in good 55 , well-informed in science and good at piloting.
1.A. at B. between C. of D. on
2.A. experienced B. old C. handsome D. retired
3.A. none B. few C. others D. both
4.A. dangers B. sadness C. reality D. protection
5.A. share B. treat C. offer D. refuse
6.A. but B. if C. though D. when
7.A. in all B. of course C. so far D. at last
8.A. noticed B. chosen C. praised D. examined
9.A. jobs B. places C. courses D. ways
10.A. so B. because C. as if D. even though
11.A. size B. scene C. age D. name
12. A. shown B. trained C. told D. allowed
13.A. advice B. experience C. surprise D. thought
14. A. water B. rock C. moon D. earth
15.A. secrets B. traditions C. theories D. conditions
16.A. drew B. developed C. designed D. discovered
17.A. offices B. shops C. colleges D. factories
18.A. part B. movement C. step D. body
19.A. method B. difficulty C. system D. trick
20. A. shape B. position C. order D. health
高二英语完型填空简单题查看答案及解析