Do astronauts get space sick when they travel from Earth to the International Space Station (ISS)? Yes, astronauts can get space sick travelling to the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的) Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening.
As you probably know, gravity is lower inside the ISS. The low gravity in space allows astronauts to float around, which looks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness.
Recent experiments show that space sickness is related to our inner ear. Two separate parts of the inner ear respond to sudden changes in direction. If you shake or move your head very quickly, you can get dizzy. However, this normally passes very quickly. This normal response is upset under low gravity: your inner ear thinks you are constantly moving. It takes some time to adapt to the new condition of weightlessness. It is made worse if you move your head while your body is still adapting. This is why previous astronauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely to suffer from space sickness more than the current astronauts travelling in the cramped Soyuz spacecraft. The astronauts were less likely to move their heads around very much in a narrow space.
Space sickness was not talked about in the early space missions (任务).The original Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Soyuz, cramped. The astronauts were less likely to get sick, so space sickness no longer became a concern of NASA.
In 1983 the first detailed study was carried out aboard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7) by astronaut-doctor Norm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astronauts themselves. None of them wanted admit to being space sick. They were worried that mission control might remove them from space walking opportunities, or even worse, that they might not get included on later space missions.
1.What was the problem with the Space Shuttle?
A.It was too slow.
B.It was too small.
C.It broke down often.
D.It had too much space.
2.How does low gravity hurt astronauts?
A.It fools their inner ear.
B.It causes pain in their head.
C.It stops them shaking their head.
D.It prevents them measuring their weight.
3.Why wasn’t NASA worried about space sickness until later missions?
A.The condition had been kept secret to the public.
B.There were few detailed studies on it.
C.The old spacecraft were better equipped.
D.The astronauts were less likely to get sick.
4.What does the underlined word “hampered” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Changed. B.Improved.
C.Blocked. D.Compared.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
Do astronauts get space sick when they travel from Earth to the International Space Station (ISS)? Yes, astronauts can get space sick travelling to the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的) Russian Soyuz spacecraft used to transport astronauts there now, than the old Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability to move around in the Space Shuttle increased the chance of space sickness happening.
As you probably know, gravity is lower inside the ISS. The low gravity in space allows astronauts to float around, which looks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness.
Recent experiments show that space sickness is related to our inner ear. Two separate parts of the inner ear respond to sudden changes in direction. If you shake or move your head very quickly, you can get dizzy. However, this normally passes very quickly. This normal response is upset under low gravity: your inner ear thinks you are constantly moving. It takes some time to adapt to the new condition of weightlessness. It is made worse if you move your head while your body is still adapting. This is why previous astronauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely to suffer from space sickness more than the current astronauts travelling in the cramped Soyuz spacecraft. The astronauts were less likely to move their heads around very much in a narrow space.
Space sickness was not talked about in the early space missions (任务).The original Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Soyuz, cramped. The astronauts were less likely to get sick, so space sickness no longer became a concern of NASA.
In 1983 the first detailed study was carried out aboard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7) by astronaut-doctor Norm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astronauts themselves. None of them wanted admit to being space sick. They were worried that mission control might remove them from space walking opportunities, or even worse, that they might not get included on later space missions.
1.What was the problem with the Space Shuttle?
A.It was too slow.
B.It was too small.
C.It broke down often.
D.It had too much space.
2.How does low gravity hurt astronauts?
A.It fools their inner ear.
B.It causes pain in their head.
C.It stops them shaking their head.
D.It prevents them measuring their weight.
3.Why wasn’t NASA worried about space sickness until later missions?
A.The condition had been kept secret to the public.
B.There were few detailed studies on it.
C.The old spacecraft were better equipped.
D.The astronauts were less likely to get sick.
4.What does the underlined word “hampered” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Changed. B.Improved.
C.Blocked. D.Compared.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype (原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough (面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce”—a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed (消耗) in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not. Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
A. To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B. To show they live a difficult life there.
C. To show their life is boring in space.
D. To introduce the topic of the text.
2.NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ________.
A. create some new type of 3-D printer
B. attract more companies to work for NASA
C. help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D. produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that ________.
A. he has no money left to go on with his research
B. the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C. he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D. he cannot make the food container last for decades
4.What’s the best title of the passage?
A. NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better.
B. Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza.
C. NASA is working on making pizza for common people.
D. A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
BEING an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating in zero gravity(重力).
However, there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightless environment, and that's very sad. What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show – because it's impossible to cry in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space, reported The Atlantic in January. Without gravity, tears don't Flow downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go—they just stick to your eyes.
In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks. "Tears," he said, "don't fall off of your eye... They just kind of stay there."
Besides making your Vision unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. The space environment dries out astronauts' eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort. "My right eye is painful like crazy." Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait—"When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around," astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.
There are lots of small things—things like crying – that we are so used to on Earth. We usually take them for granted, until they become a problem in a totally different environment, like space. There, astronauts can't talk to each other directly. They also can't eat or drink in normal ways. They can't even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach. If they do burp, they just end up throwing up (呕吐) everything in their stomach, according to the UK National Space Center.
Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say: "Gravity, you're the best."
1.What can we conclude from paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Astronauts are unable to feel sad in space.
B. Astronauts produce fewer tears in space.
C. Tears produced in space flow down more slowly.
D. Tears produced in space don't flow downward.
2.What effect do tears have on astronauts?
A. They cause physical pain.
B. They bring comfort to them.
C. They make their vision clearer
D. They float around and cause trouble.
3.What can the astronaut do to get rid of the tears?
A. Rub his eyes against his helmet to let the tears float forward.
B. Rub his eyes by hand to let the tears float around.
C. Get the tears big enough to fall off of his eyes.
D. Get the tears big enough to break away from his eyes.
4.When of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. In the sky, you can't burp
B. Better life with gravity
C. In the sky, you can't cry
D. No Gravity, no tears
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device (设备) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype (原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough (面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce” — a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients (配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
A. To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B. To show they live a difficult life there.
C. To show their life is boring in space.
D. To introduce the topic of the text.
2.NASA offered $ 125, 000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to _______.
A. create some new type of 3-D printer
B. attract more companies to work for NASA
C. help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D. produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that _______.
A. he has no money left to go on with his research
B. the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C. he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D. he cannot make the food container last for decades
4.What’s the best title of the passage?
A. NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B. Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C. NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D. A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we will take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer.
About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype(原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato sauce--a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn't show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic ,actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars !
1.NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ____.
A. create some new type of 3-D printer
B. attract more companies to work for NASA
C. help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D. produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
2.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that ____
A. he has no money left to go on with his research
B. the pizza doesn't seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C. he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D. he cannot make the food container last for decades
3.What's the best title of the passage?
A. NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B. Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C. NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D. A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted-being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device（设备）that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype（原型）that begins by creating a single slice of dough（面团）that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce” —a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
A．To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B．To show they live a difficult life there.
C．To show their life is boring in space.
D．To introduce the topic of the text.
2.NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to __________.
A．create some new type of 3-D printer
B．attract more companies to work for NASA
C．help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D．produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that __________.
A．he has no money left to go on with his research
B．the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C．he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D．he cannot make the food container last for decades
4.What’s the best title of the passage?
A．NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B．Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C．NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D．A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer!
About a year ago, NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device (设备) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype (原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough (面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce” — a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.
While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.
Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients (配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!
1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?
A. To ask us not to take common things for granted.
B. To show they live a difficult life there.
C. To show their life is boring in space.
D. To introduce the topic of the text.
2.NASA offered $ 125, 000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to _______.
A. create some new type of 3-D printer
B. attract more companies to work for NASA
C. help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day
D. produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits
3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that _______.
A. he has no money left to go on with his research
B. the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers
C. he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years
D. he cannot make the food container last for decades
4.What’s the best title of the passage?
A. NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better
B. Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza
C. NASA is working on making pizza for common people
D. A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The threats to the health of astronauts in space are very different from ______ on earth.
A. ones B. that C. it D. those
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Is it your dream to fly and to work in space? Do you want to be a NASA astronaut? Like many jobs, the first thing would be to fill out the application. A record-breaking 18,300 people filled out applications recently when NASA announced it was filling its 2017 Astronaut Candidate program. But out of those 18.300 applicants, just eight to 14 will be hired by the U.S. space agency.
It will take 18 months to decide who will be in the new class of astronauts. NASA will review all of the files, which will later go to its current team of astronauts, to make sure they meet the basic qualifications.
The first requirement is the applicants must be U.S. citizens. They need a college degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics. They also need at least three years of experience in a similar field or at least 1,000 hours as a jet airline pilot.
There are requirements to pass a physical test. And then there are personality qualities tests as well. What kinds of personalities is NASA looking for in an astronaut? NASA’s Selection Manager Anne Roemer said, “I think leadership , teamwork, the ability to not only work on a team, lead a team, but also follow, be a follower on a team. Communication certainly plays a role, so it’s some pretty common skills that I think translate into even other professions.”
About 120 applicants will be invited to the Johnson Space Centre in Houston, Texas, for a first round of interviews, about half of whom will go back for a second round. Once selected, they must complete two years of training in everything about spaceflight-things like learning about all the systems used by NASA, walking in space and Russian language training. Until the U.S. has a working vehicle to launch into space, NASA still depends on Russia to get astronauts into space.
1.What is the percentage of employment among the applicants?
A. About half of them B. About 8 to 14
C. About 120 applicants D. Less than 0.08 percent
2.Which do you think is the most important personality quality according to NASA’S Selection Manager?
A. Devotion B. Team spirit
C. Communication D. Perseverance
3.Which is NOT the basic requirement the applicants have to meet?
A. A college degree in required areas.
B. Related experience.
C. Speaking Russian fluently.
D. Passing physical and personality tests.
4.Which may be the best title for the passage?
A. What is takes to be an astronaut?
B. What an astronaut should train in?
C. NASA welcome its most applicants ever.
D. NASA 2017 Astronaut Candidate program.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(桡骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
1.French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.
A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
2. Scientists have found that _______.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies
C. astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
3. What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?
A. The food they eat in space. B. The drinks they take in space.
C. The temperature in space. D. The gravity in space.
4.In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.
A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析