Babies teach their older brothers and sisters empathy (移情), according to a new research. Empathy means understanding and entering others’ feelings. Until now, younger kids have generally been regarded to learn plenty from their older brothers or sisters but don’t give back much. But this study, published in Child Development, confirms that younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) ensure their big brothers and sisters don’t grow into disgusting people—no easy task.
“Although it’s assumed that older siblings and parents are the primary socializing influences on younger siblings’ development but not vice versa, we found that both younger and older siblings positively contributed to each other’s empathy over time,” study co-author Marc Jambon said in a statement. Prior sibling studies have focused on the influence of older brothers and sisters, probably because their impact is most obvious. As one review of literature notes, studies have shown that older siblings influence everything from their younger siblings’ motor development to their risk of smoking later in life. And although separated studies have tried to pin down effects that younger siblings have on their older siblings, the influence of baby brothers and sisters remains unclear.
For this new study, Jambon and his colleagues recruited (招募) a diverse group of 452 Canadian sibling pairs between the ages of 18 months and four years. At the start of the study, individual researchers assessed children’s baseline empathy levels by visiting the kids at home and then pretending to hurt themselves or break a valuable item. Eighteen months later, they found small but significant increases in empathy.
One unexpected exception—older sisters did not appear to experience increased empathy after 18 months living with their little brothers, specifically. The researchers aren’t sure why this exception appeared, and they recommend that future studies dive into more complex phenomena.
1.What has been found in the new research?
A. Young kids could show more sympathy for others.
B. Young siblings know more about empathy than the older.
C. Younger kids can learn a lot from their older brothers or sisters.
D. Younger siblings could contribute to their older ones’ empathy.
2.What does Mare Jambon say about kids’ empathy development?
A. Siblings influence each other in a positive way.
B. Parents play a more important role than teachers.
C. older siblings have far more obvious influences.
D. Younger siblings make much smaller contribution.
3.What does the underlined words “pin down” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Assess. B. Limit.
C. Confirm. D. Reduce.
4.What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph?
A. It offers no exceptions.
B. It appears to be under control.
C. It needs to be carried out further
D. It is recognized to be scientific
高二英语阅读理解困难题
Babies teach their older brothers and sisters empathy (移情), according to a new research. Empathy means understanding and entering others’ feelings. Until now, younger kids have generally been regarded to learn plenty from their older brothers or sisters but don’t give back much. But this study, published in Child Development, confirms that younger siblings (兄弟姐妹) ensure their big brothers and sisters don’t grow into disgusting people—no easy task.
“Although it’s assumed that older siblings and parents are the primary socializing influences on younger siblings’ development but not vice versa, we found that both younger and older siblings positively contributed to each other’s empathy over time,” study co-author Marc Jambon said in a statement. Prior sibling studies have focused on the influence of older brothers and sisters, probably because their impact is most obvious. As one review of literature notes, studies have shown that older siblings influence everything from their younger siblings’ motor development to their risk of smoking later in life. And although separated studies have tried to pin down effects that younger siblings have on their older siblings, the influence of baby brothers and sisters remains unclear.
For this new study, Jambon and his colleagues recruited (招募) a diverse group of 452 Canadian sibling pairs between the ages of 18 months and four years. At the start of the study, individual researchers assessed children’s baseline empathy levels by visiting the kids at home and then pretending to hurt themselves or break a valuable item. Eighteen months later, they found small but significant increases in empathy.
One unexpected exception—older sisters did not appear to experience increased empathy after 18 months living with their little brothers, specifically. The researchers aren’t sure why this exception appeared, and they recommend that future studies dive into more complex phenomena.
1.What has been found in the new research?
A. Young kids could show more sympathy for others.
B. Young siblings know more about empathy than the older.
C. Younger kids can learn a lot from their older brothers or sisters.
D. Younger siblings could contribute to their older ones’ empathy.
2.What does Mare Jambon say about kids’ empathy development?
A. Siblings influence each other in a positive way.
B. Parents play a more important role than teachers.
C. older siblings have far more obvious influences.
D. Younger siblings make much smaller contribution.
3.What does the underlined words “pin down” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Assess. B. Limit.
C. Confirm. D. Reduce.
4.What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph?
A. It offers no exceptions.
B. It appears to be under control.
C. It needs to be carried out further
D. It is recognized to be scientific
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues B. Brother and sister C. Teacher and student
高二英语短对话中等难度题查看答案及解析
Two brothers decided to dig a deep hole behind their house. As they were working, a couple of older boys stopped by to watch.
“What are you doing?” asked one of the visitors.
“We plan to dig a hole all the way through the earth!” one of the brothers said excitedly.
The older boys began to laugh, telling the younger ones that digging a hole all the way through the earth was impossible. After a long silence, one of the diggers picked up a jar full of spiders, worms and all kinds of other insects. He removed the lid and showed the wonderful contents to the scoffing(嘲笑)visitors. Then he said quietly and confidently, “Even if we don’t dig all the way through the earth, look what we found along the way!”
Their goal was far too ambitious（有野心的）, but it did cause them to dig. And that is what a goal is for — to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen; in other words, to set us to digging!
But not every goal will be fully achieved. Not every job will end successfully. Not every relationship will endure(长久持续). Not every dream will be realized. But when you fall short of your aim, perhaps you can say, “Yes, but look at what I found along the way! Look at the wonderful things which have come into my life because I tried to do something!”
It is in the digging that life is lived. And I believe it is joy in the journey, in the end, that truly matters.
1.Which of the following is NOT the reason why the older boys laughed at the two brothers?
A. The two brothers only dug out a lot of insects
B. The two brothers lacked knowledge of the earth.
C. The two brothers were foolish.
D. The two brothers had a far too ambitious goal.
2.What does the underlined part “when you fall short of your aim” probably mean?
A. When you are shorter than you expected
B. When you have less than the amount than you wanted
C. When you fail to obtain（得到）what you expected
D. When you miss the target you are aiming at
3.The passage is written to _____.
A. tell readers a story
B. teach readers how to set a goal
C. praise the two brothers
D. teach readers a lesson
4.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Dig a Hole Through the Earth
B. Joy in the Journey
C. Realize Your Goal
D. Don’t Laugh at Others
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
My older brother and I are busy 1. (arrange) a trip to Africa. We will leave London on 15 July, and we’ll be flying to Morocco. We are going to travel on camels 2. the Sahara Desert. After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Nile. We’ll start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water 3. (actual) gets quite rough. So, we’ll go white-water rafting, 4. is quite dangerous, but very exciting! After white-water rafting, we’re going on a trip to see wild animals in Kenya.
5. we’ll be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large, strong, light backpack
6. advance to carry my 7. (supply) of food and water. It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns 8. (scare) the animals away if they come too near. I really want to see 9. elephant close up. After that, we’ll be moving on to Tanzania, 10. we’re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks and we will surely have a happy time.
高二英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Older sister Maria always wanted to be a doctor. She finished medical school with top grades and glowing references. So I wasn’t surprised when she landed a dream job as a consultant in Australia.
A. found B. created
C. arrived at D. quitted
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
They may be small, and unable to have an adult conversation, but babies are proving their collective cleverness.
While your baby still might not be able to speak, he or she knows about you’re feeling down. Babies as young as 5 months of age can distinguish an exciting tune from a sad one, according to a study published in 2014 in the journal Neuron.
Speaking of music, it seems that babies can’t resist it. Not only are their ears sensitive to the beats, babies can actually dance in time to them, according to a study published in 2010. To test their dancing ability, the researchers played recordings of classical music and speech to them, and videotaped the results. The babies moved their arms, hands, legs, feet, and heads much more in response to the music than to speech. The findings suggest this dancing ability is innate(天生的) in humans.
Babies can apparently learn even while asleep. As newborn babies spend most of their time sleeping, this newfound ability might be crucial(至关重要的) for them to adapt rapidly to the world around them, and help ensure survival, the researchers say. The study was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Deciding whether another person is helpful or harmful is crucial in choosing friends — and that ability starts being visible early. Kiley Hamlin of Yale University showed both 6– and 10–month–olds some anthropomorphized(人格化的) shapes, in which one shape helped another climb a hill, while a third shaped pushed the climber down. The little ones then got to choose which shape they preferred. For both age groups, most babies chose the helper shapes. This character–judging ability could be the first step in the formation of morals, Hamlin says.
1.What does the third paragraph mainly say?
A. Babies are born to dance.
B. Babies prefer classical music.
C. Babies love listening to music.
D. Babies can tell different tunes apart.
2.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Babies can understand emotions.
B. Babies value friendship very much.
C. It’s hard for babies to adapt to the world around them.
D. Babies show no reaction to speech.
3.Kiley Hamlin found that babies ________.
A. love to make friends
B. learn nothing while asleep
C. can tell right from wrong
D. like watching anthropomorphized shows
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Kieron Graham always knew he had an older brother. His adoption papers, signed and sealed when he was three months old, listed a sibling named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.
That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave their four adopted children AncestryDNA tests as Christmas gifts. Kieron, now 21, sent his saliva sample in for analysis. When his results came back, he was stunned to find he had a slew of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it was labeled “close family”. His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection. “This is going to sound so wild … but I think you’re my brother,” Kieron wrote on Facebook’s Messenger app.
“I was given up for adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has a son with your name and your birth date. Her name is Shawn.”
“OMG do you know your real name?” wrote Vincent, now 30.
“I think it was Tyler.”
“OMG YES!!! You are my brother.”
“Wow,” wrote Kieron.
“This is crazy,” said Vincent.
The craziness was just beginning. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other, outside of Atlanta. More mind-blowing, they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects: political science and legal studies.
“We were like, what are the odds we’re separated our entire lives and then end up at the same school with the same interests?” says Kieron.
Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that placing Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.
Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. “I was really nervous,” says Kieron. “I was wondering what I should say, what I should do.” As he waited outside the shop, he heard someone call his name, and he suddenly found himself in a hug with the brother he’d thought about his entire life.
The men went inside and talked. “We connected,” says Vincent, “like we already knew each other.”
1.The underlined word “mind-blowing” is closest in meaning to “_______”.
A.desperate B.grateful C.ridiculous D.surprising
2.Which of the following statement is true about the two brothers?
A.Kieron was given up for adoption as soon as he was born.
B.They grew in different environment but had a similar educational background.
C.Kieron had met Vincent before as they lived quite close to each other.
D.It was rather difficult for Kieron to track down his own brother after the AncestryDNA test.
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Adopted children usually show deeper affection for their birth family.
B.Vincent lives with his mother all the time.
C.Kieron’s mother was unwilling to give him up but she had no choice.
D.The four adopted children have found their birth family after the AncestryDNA tests.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Sometimes you just want to get away. Your older brother and his friends are constantly camped in front of the TV, your baby sister won't stay out of your room, and you want some time for yourself.
But when you get it — maybe at a friend's house for an all-weekend DVD marathon or on spring break at Disney World — you're surprised to find yourself missing the chaos(混乱） at home a bit.
What's that all about? _____1.____ _
When you're homesick, you might feel nostalgic（怀念的）for familiar things like your family, friends, pets, house, or neighborhood. Homesickness isn't only for kids. __2.___ Teens might get homesick when they leave home for the first extended period of time, like during a vacation with a friend's family.
Familiar surroundings, people, and routines provide people with a sense of security and comfort. _____3._____ Those homesick feelings are completely normal.
4. Others may feel physical symptoms, like stomachache or headache, or even become truly depressed. Most of the time, once the new surroundings and people become more familiar, feelings of homesickness go away. If you have additional stress in your life — like a divorce or a death in the family — homesickness can be more intense(强烈的).
Almost everyone has felt homesick at some time. __ 5. It means you have family and friends worth missing and a place you want to return to when your adventure away from home is over.
A. Believe it or not, you’re feeling homesick.
B. Remember that there’s a good side to homesickness, too.
C. Luckily, homesickness is usually mild and doesn’t last long.
D. Some people may only feel a little loneliness, sadness, or anxiety.
E. And you can do some things to make sure it doesn’t spoil your fun.
F. Practically everyone feels homesick from time to time, even adults.
G. In a new place, you may find yourself missing the comforts of home and loved ones.
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Seventy years ago I was quite a small little girl, the baby of the family, with an older brother and sister. My father was very ill at the time, and my mother took in sewing(缝纫) of any kind so we could live. She would sew far into the night with an old sewing machine. She never complained even when the food would be very scarce. She would sew until the early hours of morning.
Things were very bad that particular winter. Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was bought, saying that they would have to pick up her machine the next day unless payments were brought up to date. I remember when she read the letter I became frightened; I could picture us starving to death and all sorts of things that could come to a child‘s mind. My mother did not appear to be worried, however, and seemed to be quite calm about the matter. I, on the other hand, cried myself to sleep, wondering what would become of our family. Mother said God would not disappoint her, that he never had. I couldn‘t see how God was going to help us keep this old sewing machine.
The day when the men came for our machine arrived. There was a knock at the kitchen door. I was frightened as a child would be, for I was sure it was those men who would take away our sewing machine. Instead, a nicely dressed man stood at our door with a darling baby in his arms.
He asked my mother if she was Mrs. Hill. When she said she was, he said, "I‘m in trouble this morning and you have been recommended by the druggist and grocer down the street as an honest and wonderful woman. My wife was rushed to the hospital this morning, and since we have no relatives here, and I must open my dentist office, I have nowhere to leave my baby. Could you possibly take care of her for a few days?" He continued, "I will pay you in advance." With this he took out ten dollars and gave it to my mother.
Mother said, "Yes, yes, I will be glad to do so," and took the baby from his arms. When the man left, my mother turned to me with tears streaming down a face that looked as though a light was shining on it. She said, "I knew God would never let them take away my machine."
1.The turning point in the story may refer to ______.
A. a letter to the family
B. the man’s coming for help
C. the man’s wife being rushed to the hospital
D. the nicely dressed man’s trouble
2.Why did the man turn to the writer’s mother for help?
A. The people around him recommended the mother to him.
B. He was familiar with the mother.
C. The mother had sewn for him.
D. The mother was hired by the man.
3.According to the text all the following are true to the man EXCEPT _____.
A. his wife stayed in hospital
B. he was confused when in trouble
C. he had few men to turn to for help
D. he was a dentist
4.What does mother mean by saying “I knew God would never let them take away my machine?”
A. God can solve all the problem.
B. The sewing machine is my only support.
C. Never give up when in trouble.
D. Everybody should believe in God.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It had coaster brakes and only one gear (齿轮). My two older brothers used it before me. The twenty-inch, black frame showed its age. It was scratched and nicked from years of use, but I didn't care, It was mine now.
My tricycle stood by the front steps of our house----forgotten. In the front yard.. I held the handlebars, swung my right leg over and settled myself onto the seat. My legs weren't long enough for both to touch the ground at the same time. I leaned to one side one foot supported me, I looked around, made sure no one was watching and kicked off My feet reached for the pedals and began to pump.
After a few wobbly (不稳定的))yards, I fell off, and landed on my shoulder in the grass. I jumped up, brushed myself off, got back on and fell again.
A week later, I rode in circles around the yard. Always to the left, I didn’t wobble or fall. I was steady as I followed the beaten trail ['d created in the grass. I was free and I was flying.
“Michacl!” Mum called. ‘Supper is read!’
I turned toward the front steps, wobbled and fell to the ground. I didn’t know how to go straight or to the right. I’d learned to travel in circles to the left.
A year later, I was bicycling all around the neighbourhood. At twenty years old, I left home and cried. It was a lonely time in my life. Mum wasn't there It was time to learn how to turn again. I married and became a Dad ---- I stumbled（跌跌撞撞）. There was someone else to think about new turns to stumble through.
Each time I fell. I got up, brushed myself off and turned around the obstacle (障碍). Each time I think i'm on a straight road, life throws a turn in front of me. I may fall, but I always climb back on my seat.
1.What do we know about the author’s tricycle?
A. It was given to him as a present.
B. It was old and in poor condition.
C. It was new and expensive.
D. It needed repairing.
2.What happened when the author was twenty years old?
A. He finally learned to ride the tricycle.
B. le lost his mother.
C. He moved out with his own family.
D. He had new challenges to overcome in life.
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To describe how he learned to ride a tricycle.
B. To ask us to be independent in life.
C. To inspire us to overcome obstacles in life.
D. To tell us something about his childhood.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. I Got Back on My Seat.
B. My Favorite Tricycle.
C. I learned to Ride Tricycle.
D. My Happy Childhood.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析