Cloning plants is straightforward ________ cl...

Cloning plants is straightforward ________ cloning animals is very complicated .

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Cloning an animal is a complex ________ that can go fatally wrong at any stage.

A. process      B. regulation       C. step             D. method

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All efforts of cloning an animal will be ________ if there is not enough diversity in the group to overcome illness.

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As we all know, ____________ cloning is the creation of cells or the whole animals using DNA from ____________ single “parent”.

A. the; a　　 B. a; a

C. /; a　　 D. /; the

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Almost 80% of the Americans have stated their opposition to cloning pet animals such as cats and dogs, yet companies still try to make a business out of selling cloned pets. Pet cloning has been promoted as a way to “bring back” or “copy” a beloved companion animal. However, studies have shown that cloning remains an experimental technology with many failures.

Behind each lovely picture of a cloned cat or dog lie hundreds of animals that were kept in lab cages, receiving bad treatment to produce just that one cloned animal. For all that, you end up with a cloned animal who is unlikely to appear like the original physically or behaviorally and may experience serious health problems. Also, while pet cloning companies are charging customers up to $150,000 for a cloned pet, millions of homeless animals of the same species are available in US animal shelters for around $100. Unfortunately, most of these animals are killed for lack of adopting homes.

With No Pet Cloning campaign, the American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) tries to protect both animals and people from harm. They campaigned until the US companies that sold cloned animals closed their doors. First it was Genetic Savings & Clone Inc. and then it was BioArts International.

When BioArts was closed, its owner, Lou Hawthorne, finally had to acknowledge the problems of pet cloning. According to Hawthorne, he has seen numerous failures during his pet cloning attempts, “One clone----which was supposed to be black and white----was born greenish-yellow where it should have been white (we still have no good explanation for how that happened).”

The AAVS is educating the public about the animal suffering and is seeking regulation of cloning activities. They will continue to take the lead in protecting animals from the threats of pet cloning.

1.From the passage, we know that ____.

A. pets are often deserted by their owners

B. more and more people have joined the AAVS

C. most American are against cloning pet animals

D. the American Anti-Vivisection Society is supported by the government

2.According to the passage, companies keep on selling cloned pets to ____.

A. carry on scientific studies

B. get economic interests

C. protect pet animals

D. comfort animal lovers

3.What does the author try to do by writing the second paragraph?

A. To tell the truth behind pet cloning.

B. To show the method of pet cloning.

C. To compare pet animals with homeless ones.

D. To save the animals kept in labs and shelters.

4.The underlined word “acknowledge” probably means ____.

A. accept　 B. study C. admit D. manage

5.According to the passage, the AAVS devotes itself to ____.

A. getting most countries to fight against pet cloning

B. improving the technology of pet cloning

C. saving lots of animals from bad situations

D. stopping US companies’ selling cloned animals

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What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?

_____71____ Actually, there are different technologies which can be used for other purpose besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to talking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies are usually performed; recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning.

___72_____

Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. ___73_____ Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. ____74____

Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited. ____75____ Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.

E.       Cloning is making a genetic copy of something else.

F.       Attempts at cloning certain species such as monkeys, chickens, horses, and dogs, have been unsuccessful.

G.       Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells.

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________ is as much an art as it is ________ science.

A. Cloning; a   B. Clone; /         C. To clone; the         D. Cloning; the

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Cloning is suggested as a means of bringing back a relative, usually a child, killed tragically. Some parents can understand that wish, but it must first be recognized that the copy would be a new baby and not the lost child. Here lies the difficulty, for the sad parents are seeking not a new baby but a return of the dead one. Since the original would be fondly remembered as having particular talents and interests, would not the parents expect the copy to be the same? It is possible, however, that the copy would develop quite differently. Is it fair for the new child to be placed in a family with such unnatural expectations?

Copying is also suggested as a means by which parents can have the child of their dreams. Couples might choose to have a copy of a film star, baseball player or scientist, depending on their interest. But because personality is only partly the result of genetic inheritance (基因遗传), conflicts would be sure to come up if the cloned child failed to develop the same interests as the original. What if the copy of Einstein shows no interest in science? Or the baseball player turns to acting? Success also depends upon fortune. What if the child does not live up to the hopes and dreams of the parents simply because of bad luck?

Every baby should be wanted for itself, as an individual. In making a copy of oneself or some famous person, a parent is carefully specifying (详细说明) the way he or she wishes that child to develop. In recent years, particularly in the United States, much importance has been placed on the right of individuals to reproduce in ways that they wish. So I suggest there is a greater need to consider the interest of the child and to refuse these suggested uses of cloning.

1.According to the author, in cloning a lost child parents ___________.

A. lose the talents of the lost child

B. expect too much from the copy

C. are sure to have an identical copy

D. are sure to have a baby of their dreams

2.What, in the author’s opinion, affects the success of parents’ dreams?

A. The efforts of the parents.

B. The cloned child’s personality.

C. The cloned child’s interest in Einstein.

D. The cloned child’s natural talent.

3.In the last paragraph, the author implies that ________.

A. the cloned child is viewed as independent

B. parents carefully protect the rights of the cloned child

C. parents are eager to wish the cloned child to be somebody.

D. the right of growing in his own way is taken away from the cloned child

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Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making 1. exact copy of another animal or plant. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. The process of cloning is a difficult task 2.(undertake) Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But finally the determination and patience of the scientists paid 3. in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.

At first the fact 4. she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the 5.(disturb) news that Dolly had become seriously ill, which made cloning scientists cast down. Meanwhile, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of 6.(object) and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 7.(apparent) it became controversial. Although at present human egg cells and embryos 8.(need)for cloning research are hard to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders 9.(hope) to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Some countries reformed their legal systems and 10.(forbid) research into human cloning, but others like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.

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Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is ______ good news for Faye Wilson, ______ 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby.

A. /; /　　　　　　　　 B. /; a

C. a; a　　　　　　　　 D. a; the

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