Scientists have advanced many theories about ...

Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.

A. which

B. whom

C. them

D. who

高一英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析

For centuries, humans have wondered whether there is life on Mars. Scientists have asked why Mars is losing its atmosphere. Last week, the question was answered with a song. “The answer is blowing in the wind,” said Michael Meyer, taking a line from a Bob Dylan song. Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. It turns out that solar winds from the sun are slowly blowing away Mars’ atmosphere.

Today, Mars has a thin atmosphere. It is cold and dry, with a desert-like environment. Jakosky says it used to be much more different. “When we look at ancient Mars, we see a different type of surface. One that had valleys looked like they were carved by water, lakes that were standing for a long period of time. We see an environment that was much more able to support liquid water.”

Recently they found a kind of liquid water that flows with salt down a mountain area of the planet. But it is not always there. Scientist Michael Meyer describes what they found: “We’re seeing water, with the salt that’s able to flow down the sides of the cliff. Why is this important? That means there is water on Mars, on the surface of Mars today.”

Scientists already knew that ice exists on Mars. So why is it important to find liquid water? Meyer explains: “It means that we have a resource. And when we're looking at sending humans to Mars, water is one of the key things that we need to have, not only for astronauts to drink, but also to make oxygen, to make fuel.”

Sending humans to Mars is still in the distant future. NASA is aiming for the 2030s. Both US government and private industries are developing rockets and spacecraft to get people to Mars.

1.Why is the atmosphere of Mars disappearing?

A.Because Mars doesn't have water to keep the atmosphere.

B.Because the atmosphere is affected by the earth.

C.Because the atmosphere is blown away by the solar wind.

D.Because Mars has no condition to make the atmosphere exist.

2.Which of the following are the functions of the water on Mars?

①Taking shower.　　　 ②Drinking for astronauts.　　　 ③Making fuel.

④Watering plants.　　 ⑤Producing oxygen.　　　　 ⑥Washing clothes.

A.②④⑤ B.①③④⑤ C.②③④⑥ D.②③⑤

3.What can we infer from the passage?

A.Whether water exists on Mars or not isn’t important to humans.

B.Mars’ atmosphere has changed a lot since it existed.

C.We can successfully send humans to Mars from now on.

D.Water can not appear on Mars because of its thin atmosphere.

4.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A.Mars Has Conditions to Support Humans

B.Mars Is Strongly Influenced by the Solar Wind

C.Mars and Its Thin Atmosphere

D.Water Does Exist on Mars

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Kids are natural scientists. That may be why they ask so many questions.

Younger kids take up science and math with amazing enthusiasm，yet as they get older they often lose their excitement. Children look on scientific exploration as play，but as they get older they start to connect it with big heavy books，long worksheets and a lot of really confusing words.

What a tragedy！We had their attention，they were listening，they were participating，they were learning and then we lost it to boredom.

We need our kids to play more. More play brings up basic scientific concepts(概念)．Being familiar with basic scientific concepts brings about exploration which leads to research. Once they are researching，they are completely into the learning.

My boys built a small 9­hole golf course next to our driveway one day. It was a great product of science. They dug out the holes and channels to guide the golf ball. They played with architecture(建筑学)with a series of pipes they had found in the garage. They tested speed and momentum(动量)by creating one of the holes across the driveway. They experienced biology when deciding which front yard plants could be used as a part of the course and which needed to be pulled up.

If I had sent them out to the yard to build a 9­hole golf course，it would have never happened. It was because it was their idea that it worked. I try to tell them some of the concepts after the fact. When they ask about something，I try to relate it back to something they have built，experienced，or felt. I try to give them a vocabulary around what they already know.

An afternoon can change the way kids look at the world. Not bad for a day of play.

1.What can we learn about kids' attitudes towards science from the first three paragraphs?

A. Kids think they are born to work as scientists.

B. Younger kids begin to learn science on purpose.

C. Older kids often link science with boring things.

D. Children's taking an interest in science is a tragedy.

2.By building the small golf course，the writer's boys learnt about all of the following things EXCEPT________.

A. speed　　 B. momentum

C. biology　　 D. agriculture

3.If the writer had forced the boys to build a small golf course，they might have _______.

A. asked her some related scientific concepts

B. made a better golf course than the one they had built

C. asked their friends to help them with the work

D. got bored and refused to follow the writer's directions

4.In which part of a newspaper is the article probably included?

A. Architecture.　　 B. Education.

C. Health.　　 D. Sports.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Experiments aboard the spaceship Columbia have disproved a theory on the human nervous system which won an Austrian professor a Nobel prize 79 years ago.

West German astronaut Ulf Merbold disproved the theory during tests aboard the spaceship yesterday. His discovery is connected with the workings of the inner ear, the body’s balance mechanism(机制).

In l914 Professor Robert Barany won the Nobel prize for Physiology(生理学) and Medicine when he announced that temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼). His theory was accepted by scientists.

But Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct and shocked himself and space officials when he proved it wrong.

According to Barany’s theory the eyes would blink when cold air was blown into one ear and hot air blown into the other.

But if this theory was correct such a movement would be impossible in zero gravity(重力）.

Both Merbold’s eyes continually blinked when the test was carried out.

1.Tests were carried out in outer space in order to _______.

A. find what causes the eyes to blink

B. shock the world

C. win the prize

D. prove the theory

2.Barany’s theory declared to prove _______.

A. how our hearing mechanism works

B. why we constantly move our eyes

C. that eye movement is affected by temperature

D. how hearing reacts(反应)

3.Barany’s theory was proved incorrect in space by the effects of _______.

A. having no weight　 　　 B. having no air

C. the pull of gravity　　 D. hot and cold air streams

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists have discovered a “monster black hole” so massive that, in theory, it shouldn’t exist. It’s a stellar (恒星) black hole — the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because as these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel (排出) matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.

This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15,000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday. “Black holes of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution,” said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery.

“LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation.”

Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.

The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1’s sheer size suggests that it “was not formed from the collapse of only one star,” the study said — instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.

Another possibility is that it formed from “fallback supernova.” This is when a supernova — the last stage of an exploding star — ejects (排出) material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.

This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have “direct evidence for this process” for the first time, the study said.

There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger — they can be billions of times the mass of our sun.

Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.

1.Why does the writer write the article?

A.To report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory.

B.To inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole.

C.To share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery.

D.To demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.

2.What does the underlined word “toppled” mean in the second paragraph?

A.overturned B.supported C.suspected D.tested

3.Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?

A.It is the biggest black hole ever discovered.

B.It lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.

C.It couldn’t have been formed from the collapse of one star,

D.Its discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the “fallback formation theory”.

4.Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A.If the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.

B.A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.

C.“The Milky Way” was formed after a supermassive black hole collapsed and exploded.

D.If “the Milky Way” dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.

The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.

Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University’s Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”

“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”

Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”

“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists’ skills to close this knowledge gap.”

Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”

1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?

A. How severe Ebola virus is.

B. How Ebola virus spreads.

C. How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.

D. What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.

2.Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?

A. In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.

B. As the virus spreads, it’ll change and become more and more deadly.

C. The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.

D. The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.

3.The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to ______.

A. optimistic　　 B. deadly

C. common　　 D. fantastic

4.Where can we probably read this passage?

A. In a science report.　　 B. In a storybook.

C. In an advertisement.　　 D. In a textbook.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars.

A.signal B.sign C.mark D.sigh

高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Einstein’s theory, which was doubted by most scientists at first _____ out to be correct in the end.

A. proved         B. was proved       C. turned         D. tested

高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Einstein’s theory, which was doubted by most scientists at first___out to be correct in the end.

高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Electrical devices (仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.

The device connects to a person's knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.

There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.

The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year.

The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly twenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power.

A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person's back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.

1.The second paragraph mainly talks about ________.

A. who developed the device

B. how the device works

C. several possible uses for the devices

D. how much electricity the device can produce

2.What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?

A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear.

B. It is too complex for people to use.

C. It will slow down one's walking speed.

D. It is too expensive for most people to afford.

3.Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device ________.

A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker

B. can produce more power in a much shorter time

C. needs to be equipped with a battery

D. can help the walker walk faster

4.From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can ________.

A. help housewives operate the micro-wave oven

B. make it much easier for us to go online

C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome

D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析