When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived; the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being over-fished has been known for years and researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative (保守的). One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
1.The aim of the extinction of large prehistoric animals is to suggest that _______.
A.large animal were not easy to survive in the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D.Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
2.We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that _______.
A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
B.there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
C.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
D.the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
3.By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, paragraph 3), Dr worm means that_______.
A.fishing technology has improved rapidly
B.then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C.the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D.the date collected so far are out of date.
4.Dr Myers and other researchers hold that _______.
A.people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C.the ocean biomass should restore its original level.
D.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
5.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _______.
A.management efficiency
B.biomass level
C.catch-size limits
D.technological application.
高二英语阅读理解简单题
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived; the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being over-fished has been known for years and researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative (保守的). One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
1.The aim of the extinction of large prehistoric animals is to suggest that _______.
A.large animal were not easy to survive in the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D.Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
2.We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that _______.
A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
B.there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
C.the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
D.the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
3.By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, paragraph 3), Dr worm means that_______.
A.fishing technology has improved rapidly
B.then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C.the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D.the date collected so far are out of date.
4.Dr Myers and other researchers hold that _______.
A.people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C.the ocean biomass should restore its original level.
D.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
5.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _______.
A.management efficiency
B.biomass level
C.catch-size limits
D.technological application.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _______ jewelry made of animal bones greeted them warmly.
A wearing B to wear C worn D having worn
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
In some parts of the world people had strong _____ in the return of the spirits of the dead.
A.thoughts B.confidence C.minds D.beliefs
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读理解。
Every year there are changes in climate in different parts of the world.Some of these changes are due to natural causes.However,some climate changes are caused by air pollution and these changes may increase.
If the pollution affects the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,the results are likely to be serious.There is only a small part of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.But it has an important function in keeping the balance between radiation from the sun entering the atmosphere and radiation leaving the Earth.Some of the radiation is absorbed by the Earth and some is radiated back into the atmosphere.The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents some of the radiation from leaving the atmosphere.Thus the heat remains in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide helps to prevent the temperature of the Earth from falling.
If the proportion(比例)of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increased as a result of air pollution,the temperature of the atmosphere may rise.This might cause the ice in the North and South to melt.If this happened,the sea level could rise and parts of the Earth would be flooded.This is not quite likely but the possibility exists.
There is also a fairly strong possibility that the dust level in the atmosphere will rise as a result of industrial pollution.This dust pollution will reflect sunlight back onto space.If this happens,less sunlight will reach the Earth and the temperature will fall.
Another danger comes from the destruction(破坏)of the Earth’s vegetation(植物)such as the forest of Brazil,which is being cleared away for farmland and cities.Trees use carbon dioxide and their destruction may upset the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
1.The main purpose of the passage is to tell us that .
A.the climate of the earth is always changing
B.air pollution has greatly affected the climate of the world
C.carbon dioxide has something to do with climate changes
D.the climate of the world is subjected to(使受到)dangers from air pollution
2.From this passage we learn that carbon dioxide .
A.helps to prevent the temperature of the Earth from rising
B.keeps much of the sun’s radiation from entering the atmosphere
C.plays an important part in keeping the balance of the temperature of the Earth
D.is one of natural causes of climate changes
3.Judging from this passage,if the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went down,the temperature of the Earth would .
A.become higher B.either rise or fall
C.become lower D.neither rise nor fall
4.Which of the following is not the possible serious outcome if air pollution is related to climate changes?
A.Parts of the Earth would be flooded one day.
B.More sunlight would reach the Earth.
C.The temperature of the Earth might rise.
D.The Earth’s vegetation might be destroyed.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
If you want to walk in the footsteps of some of the world’s greatest figures, then go to Oxford. Many of Oxford’s 38 colleges are open to the public year-round. Here are a few of the colleges worth visiting and some famous people who have studied there.
Christ Church College
Long before it became known as a location for the Harry Potter films, Christ Church was the college where Albert Einstein, author Charles Dodgson who wrote Alice in Wonderland, and 13 British prime ministers studied. In this large and popular college, you can see the paintings in the 16th-century Great Hall.
Magdalen College
Many consider Magdalen to be one of the most beautiful Oxford’s colleges. This is where author Oscar Wilde read his classics course. You can enjoy the medieval(中世纪的) church with its 15th-century tower. Opposite the college is the beautiful Botanic Garden founded in 1621.
Merton College
Founded in 1264, Merton has the oldest medieval library in use. J. R. R. Tolkien is said to have spent many hours here writing The Lord of the Rings. One of the college’s treasures is an astrolabe(星盘),thought to have belonged to Chaucer. The college has the most amazing collection of medieval colored glass in Oxford.
Bodleian Library
The Bodleian Library, the main research library of the University of Oxford, is the largest university library in the UK. It is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in Britain is second in size only to the British Library. It holds more than 9 million printed items on 189 km of shelving and seats up to 2,500 readers. The users of the library here include five kings, 40 Nobel Prize winners, 25 British prime minister and countless famous writers.
1.If a Harry Potter fan travels to Oxford, he’ll probably visit ____________.
A. Merton College B. Bodleian Library
C. Magdalen College D. Christ Church College
2.Which of the following can travelers see in Magdalen College?
A. A 15th-century tower.
B. A seven–ton tower bell.
C. England’s smallest cathedral.
D. British oldest botanic garden.
3.According to the passage, J. R. R. Tolkien is ____________.
A. the founder of Merton College
B. the author of The Lord of the Rings
C. the designer of the oldest medieval library
D. the owner of the astrolabe in Merton College
4.What do we know about the Bodleian Library?
A. It lies in Magdalen College.
B. It is the most famous library in the UK.
C. It has a collection of 2,500 kinds of books.
D. It is smaller than the British Library.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.
Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.
Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip -- a little chip of silicon crystal. It is smaller than a finger nail, but it can store more than a million "bits" of information. It is an electronic brain. Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways. In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. They will even talk and play games with us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?
Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years
from now?
1.From paragraph,we can know .
A. why early human beings cut skin from dead animals
B. how early human beings discovered the tools
C. what early human beings used the tools for
D. what food early human beings stored
2.The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ______.
A. was very important to the development of mankind
B. led to the invention of machines in the early time
C. developed cooking abilities of mankind
D. was one of the first tools of mankind
3.The silicon chip is mentioned in the passage to________.
A. show the changes of tools
B. introduce a new kind of tool
C. give an example of using tools
D. compare the effects of two kinds of tools
4.At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ______.
A. Out of order B. Less colorful
C. hard to predict D. full of meanings
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
I remember watching TV and seeing other children suffer in other parts of the world when I was a very little child. I would talk to myself, “When I grow up, when I can become rich, I'll save kids all over the world.”
At the age of 17, I began my career here in America, and by 18, I started my first charity organization. I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from six-year-old Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia(白血病)---her story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF). We’re all human. And we all just want a chance: a chance at life, a chance in education, a chance at a future, really. And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.
People make it seem too hard to do charity work. The truth is, you don't have to be rich to help others. You don't need to be famous. You don’t even have to be college-educated. But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood. You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can. And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person, one organization, one situation that touches your heat. My grandmother always used to say, “If you’ve got a dollar, there’s plenty to share.”
1.What did the author want to do at a young age?
A. Watch TV B. Help other children
C. Become wealthy D. Grow up quickly
2.Which of the following directly caused the author to create and develop the CLF?
A. A six-year-old kid’s request.
B. Many volunteers’ inspiration for it
C. Her grandmother’s death of cancer.
D. Other organizations’ encouragement.
3.What does the underlined word “one”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A life B. A chance
C. A task D. An organization
4.What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A. Do charity work when you are rich.
B. Challenge their friends to offer help.
C. Work very hard to get a college education.
D. Do little things to help those around them.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite.”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same.” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party. “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music.” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization.”
In music, where does the emotion lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”
1.What is the purpose of UNESCO to set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To emphasize the significance of jazz.
B. To protect musical diversity.
C. To remember the birth of jazz.
D. To encourage people to study music.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The production of jazz growing faster.
B. Jazz losing its appeal for the young.
C. The jazz audience becoming larger.
D. Jazz becoming more accessible.
3.What does Moran’s opinion on jazz imply?
A. It remains black and white.
B. It will disappear gradually.
C. It changes every 50 years.
D. It should keep up with the times.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A
A(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
"Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite," Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. "What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital."
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. "The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same," says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, "just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music," says Moran. "For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context," says Moran, "so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster."
1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A. To remember the birth of jazz.
B. To protect cultural diversity.
C. To encourage people to study music.
D. To recognize the value of jazz.
2.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Jazz becoming more accessible.
B. The production of jazz growing faster.
C. Jazz being less popular with the young.
D. The jazz audience becoming larger.
3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It should keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Exploring the Future of Jazz
B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C. The Story of a Jazz Musician
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In 2006, a large number of new Internet sites became popular around the world. Some of these are for communication, others for entertainment.
The blog is one form of communication that increased in popularity. Through these personal websites, people can share their lives, ideas and opinions on the Internet. People of all ages have their own blogs. For young people, they are a way to show their writing and other forms of self-expression. Blogs also connect people with other people who have the same interests. For example, teachers use blogs to share ideas with other teachers’, as well as experiences and concerns about their work.
YouTube is another Internet site that became more popular last year. This website lets anyone create, share and watch short videos. These include videos of people singing or dancing, or animals doing funny things. Three young men created YouTube almost two years ago as a personal video sharing service. They recently sold it to Google for more than one and a half billion dollars.
Games and entertainment also became a larger part of the Internet last year. One Internet social site is called Second Life. It is an online world in which computer users create a new self and live a different life. They get married, build homes, operate businesses, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school.
People also take part in fantasy sports leagues with the help of the Internet. A fantasy sport is a game in which each member of a group acts as the owner of a team. Each owner creates a team of real-life professional players to compete against other teams in the league. More than fifteen million American adults play fantasy sports. The industry earns more than one billion dollars each year from publications, memberships and other costs.
1.The passage is mainly about __________.
A. the most popular Internet technology in 2006
B. some new ways for people to communicate or have fun on the Internet
C. one online game called Second Life
D. the high price of playing online
2.Who is the owner of YouTube now?
A. Three young men. B. Google. C. Computer users. D. Yahoo.
3. Whom does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The people who are interested in blogs.
B. The people who play games on YouTube.
C. The people who play Second Life.
D. The people who are created in Second Life.
4. What do we know from the passage?
A. Teachers can share ideas, experiences and concerns about their work with other teachers on any website.
B. More than fifteen million American teenagers play fantasy sports.
C. Second Life helps people get married, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school in real life.
D. Fantasy sports, a game in which each member of a group acts as the owner of a team, is very popular around the world.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析