Before the discovery of DNA profiling (分析) in...

Before the discovery of DNA profiling (分析) in the 1980s, fingerprints were the easiest way to solve serious crimes. It’s believed that each one of us has our own unique fingerprints. But did you know that our fingerprints could actually reveal a lot more about us than just our identity? According to Melanie Bailey of The Conversation, fingerprints can indicate lifestyle and environment, eating habits, possible medical problems and even the job of a person.

So how can we figure all this out from just a simple fingerprint? Well, a fingerprint is formed when a finger makes contact with a surface. Most fingerprints are invisible to the naked eye (裸眼) and require a chemical development process in order to make them visible. Stuck between the ridges (隆起的纹路) of a fingerprint, however, are substances(物质) that can tell a story about who we are. Things like traces of sweat, blood, and food reveal a lot of information about us — what we’ve touched, what we’ve eaten and even what drugs we’ve taken.

At the moment, the technique used to detect these substances are mostly used in crime detection, but its application could be much wider, according to Bailey. For example, she and her fellow researchers were able to tell what medicines people were taking from their fingerprints, which may be of great help in the future to doctors treating their patients.

A fingerprint check may also tell a doctor whether a patient is properly absorbing a drug they’ve been prescribed (开药). In the treatment of some of the most serious illnesses, it’s vital that the body is taking in these medicines. As Scientific American noted, this is particularly important for patients undergoing treatment for heart conditions and mental disease, as these people might struggle to absorb the drugs or forget or choose not to take them.

And while it’s commonly believed that our fingerprints never change, in fact, they do — and the way they change can provide a lot of very useful information. In the future, fingerprint science won’t be restricted to the crime lab but could help doctors keep us in the best possible health.

1.What is the function of Paragraph 1?

A.To make known a common sense. B.To introduce the theme of the passage.

C.To summarize the whole passage. D.To serve as a topic explanation.

2.What could a fingerprint tell according to the research?

A.How a fingerprint was formed. B.Who the criminal might be.

C.How a doctor should prescribe. D.What drug the patient had taken.

3.What can be learned from the passage?

A.The change of fingerprints is of little value.

B.We can see a fingerprint with our naked eyes.

C.Fingerprints are the easiest way to solve crimes.

D.Things stuck between fingerprints’ridges tell a lot.

4.What’s Melanie Bailey’s attitude towards the application of fingerprints?

A.Indifferent. B.Skeptical. C.Positive. D.Negative.

高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析

Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research — the mapping of all DNA in a human gene(基因) is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument, in terms of morality(道德) or religion.

Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations, then the other clone would be as well. The latter could be inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover, cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own.

Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single (or more) organ(s). It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.

Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle” of life. There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of improvement, and, in turn, development — the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear, thus leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes, and chances are that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.

Scientists haven’t 100% guaranteed that the first cloned humans will be normal. Thus, this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”.

Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades” of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.

1.  Which of the following is true according to the passage？

A. Genetic limitation will be beneficial for some women

B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing

C. Prohibition(禁止) of cloning might limit the freedom of scientists

D. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists

2.What’s the author’s opinion on cloning?

A. Cloning should be entirely banned

B. Cloning should be used in creating life

C. Cloning will take away the right to reproduce

D. Cloning is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs

3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

DNA is one of the most important discoveries in science. DNA is the plan for the human being, as a blueprint is the plan for a building. DNA makes a person look the way he does. A person’s DNA comes from a mixing of his parents’ DNA. That’s why a child looks like his parents. But, besides controlling things such as height and hair color, DNA can also give people diseases. Scientists are now studying DNA to cure diseases.

In the seventies, scientists developed a process called recombinant or RDNA. Although it sounds difficult to understand, RDNA simply means taking DNA from one animal or plant and putting it into another. By doing so, scientists can create new beings. In doing so, scientists can better understand DNA, especially what parts of DNA do what. After they understand DNA, scientists can begin to cure diseases. Often, the new being created will itself be the cure.    Besides curing diseases, RDNA research can also do other things. For example, scientists in Japan have already created “super-trees”. Trees help humans, because they take CO₂, which poisons humans, from the air and turns it into oxygen, which lets humans breathe. “Super-trees” do this too, but do it much faster. As things such as cars and factories have already put much CO₂ in the area, “super-trees” are badly needed.

Unfortunately, there is a serious danger in RDNA research. Scientists want to create animals to cure old diseases, but these new animals may also create new diseases. It will be a serious problem if the animals escape from the science laboratory and into nature. As these animals are not natural, they may let loose many new powerful diseases.

As a result, RDNA research will create many solutions, but it will also create many problems.

1. From the passage, we can know that a boy looks like his parents because______.

A. he is son of his parents.

B. his parents’ DNA decides his appearance.

C. he has received DNA from his father or his mother.

D. scientists have put some of his parents’ DNA into him.

2.What does the underlined expression “let loose” probably mean?

A. let … go free                B. get rid of

C. absorb                     D. survive

3. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The DNA Research in Japan

B. A New Way of DNA Research in Japan.

C. The Causes and Effects of DNA Research

D. The Advantages And Disadvantages of RDNA

4. The following statements are true about RDNA research EXCEPT ______.

A. the research has been stopped because the created animals carry viruses

B. “super-trees” might be widely planted around the world

C. scientists have not completely understood DNA

D. RDNA research will benefit human beings a lot

5.You might find this passage in / on a ________.

A. fashion magazine   B. novel    C. scientific newspaper  D. sports newspaper

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research—the mapping of all DNA in a human gene is complete. Several years ago, it seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day when human being will be cloned is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument in terms of morality (道德) or religion.

Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. Moreover, cloning would enable women who can't get pregnant to have children of their own.

Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world who are expected to lose their lives due to organ problems. It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.

However, arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal "cycle" of life. There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of evolution, since it may be difficult for living creatures to naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment, which will result in ultimate disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear. Thus, leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes and, chances are that those individuals would be regarded as "objects" rather than people in the society.

Scientists couldn't surely guarantee that the first cloned humans will be normal. Thus this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human "gene-pool".

Regarding such arguable topics in "black or white" approach seems very innocent. We should try to look at all "shades" of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans. Then we could regard this as for "saving life" instead of "creating life". It is believed that cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.

1.What's the author's opinion on cloning?

A.Cloning should be entirely banned.

B.Cloning should be used in creating life.

C.Cloning will take away the right to reproduce.

D.Cloning is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs.

2.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A. B.

C. D.

3.Where is the text probably from?

A.A story book. B.A magazine.

C.A science fiction. D.A novel.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Discoveries about the nature of DNA in the 1940s made1. ________ possible for cloning experiments to progress. In 1944 the discovery 2.________ genetic information for each cell was kept in the cell’s DNA gave scientists new ways to attempt 3.________ (clone) animals.

The first cloned animal was a tadpole4. ________ was cloned in 1952. Thomas J. King and Robert W. Briggs believed, based on their clones, that young cells were more viable (可生长发育的) for the cloning process than adult cells.

The next successful cloning experiments also resulted 5.________ cloned frogs. John Gurdon cloned South African frogs in 1962. His experiments proved that the previous theory that adult cells were 6.________ (able) to be used in the cloning process was wrong. From 1962 to 1965, more frog clones were created from adult frog cells.

While animal cloning had been the focus of cloning experiments, the 1960s also saw7. ________ types of cloning. In 1964 F. C. Steward 8.________ (undertake) an experiment in which he took an adult cell from a carrot plant and successfully cloned the plant.

So far more than 20 different animals, 9.________ (include) dogs, cats, and the famous Dolly, have been cloned, 10. ________ human cloning research has been forbidden in many countries.

高二英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

It is desired that the project________before the end of this month.

A．will be finished                         B．is to be finished

C．be finished                            D．is going to be finished

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. He didn’t go to school, but he was bright and curious about the world outside his home town. In 1891, at the age of 17, he set sail for Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings. In 1922, Howard Carter made his most amazing discovery of all, in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. There they came across the tomb of King Tutankhamun. It was the most important tomb that had ever been found. “The tomb contained more treasure than any of us had ever seen before, as well as the mummy of the king,” said Carter.

However, not long after the discovery, people in Carter’s team fell ill and died. Upon their entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird was swallowed by a snake. Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt. George Gould, a friend of Carnarvon’s, went to Egypt after hearing of his strange death. He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day. Twelve hours later, he was dead.

Within 7 years, 21 people who had something to do with the opening the tomb died. Howard Carter, however, lived on until the age of 65. There are different explanations for the deaths. A scientific explanation is that inside the tombs there are many viruses, which can result in illness or even death. Today when scientists examine mummies, they wear special clothing for protection.

1.What is Howard Carter?

A.A famous scientist B.A king buried in the tomb in Egypt

C.A brave explorer D.A rich man who was interested in Egypt

2.What is Howard Carter’s most amazing discovery?

A.The jewels in the tombs. B.The tomb of King Tutankhamun.

C.The mummies in the tombs. D.Several tombs in Egypt.

3.All of the following died after the tomb had been opened except ________.

A.Lord Carnarvon B.Howard Carter

C.the pet bird D.George Gould

4.From the text we can infer that ________.

A.Howard Carter knew how to protect himself in the tomb.

B.the people who entered the tomb were punished by the mummy.

C.the deaths of those related to the opening of the tomb were just coincidence.

D.scientists are still trying to work out the mystery of the tomb.

高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析

The story of chocolate begins with the discovery of America in 1492. Columbus was the first European to come into contact with cacao. Columbus was struck by how much value the Indians placed on them as he did not know the beans were used by currency. It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about 25 years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink “chocolatl”.

The Spanish, in general, were not fond of the bitter drink so Cortez and his followers made it more palatable by adding sugar and later cinnamon(肉桂) and vanilla(香草) were added. Spanish monks( 僧侣) let the secret out back home and, although the Spanish hid it from their neighbors for a hundred years, finally chocolate’s popularity grew until it was their fashionable drink at the French court(宫廷) and the wise choice of customers at London meeting houses.

The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot, rainy climates. Thus, its cultivation (培育 ) is limited to countries not more than 20 degrees north or south of the equator ( 赤 道 ). The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive. It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions. This is true especially in its first two or three years of growth. A newly planted young cacao tree is often sheltered by a different type of trees. It is normal to plant food crops for shade such as bananas, or coconuts. Rubber trees( 橡胶树) and forest trees are also used for shade. Once established, however, cacao trees can grow in full sunlight, provided there are fertile soil conditions and intensive farming. With cutting and careful cultivation, the trees of strains will begin bearing fruit in the fifth year. With extreme care, some strains can be stimulated to produce good crops in the third and fourth year.

The process of turning cacao into chocolate hasn’t changed much since the late 1800s, when the Swiss learned to make fine unsweetened chocolate. Mixed with cocoa butter and other ingredients and then “purified”, the finished result is shaped, cooled, packaged by machine, distributed, sold and of course, eaten!

1.Why didn’t Columbus bring beans back to Spain at once when he found cacao?

A.Because he couldn’t afford to buy the cacao bean.

B.Because he didn’t know how to turn cacao bean into chocolate.

C.Because he was not aware of the commercial value of cacao bean then.

D.Because Spaniards then didn’t favour the chocolate that the Aztecs originally drank.

2.The underlined word “palatable” in paragraph 2 probably means _______.

A.affordable B.agreeable

C.patent D.portable

3.Which of the following is correct about cacao tree?

A.Cacao trees require hot, rainy climates and adequate sunlight.

B.Cacao trees need a lot of looking after to be used commercially.

C.Cacao trees won’t produce fruit until the fifth year.

D.Cacao trees can grow well in all continents.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

_______ to the discovery of radium, Madame Curie plays an important role in modern

science.

高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.

A. is made　　 B. would make

C. was to be made　　 D. had made

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析