认真阅读短文,根据所读内容在下面表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格1个单词。
Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, powerlines and wi-fi (路由器) could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumours.
For example, Camilla Rees, 48, a former investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door. Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a wi-fi router she lost her ability to think clearly. “I would wake up dizzy in the morning. I’d fall to the floor. I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she said. Since then, she’s been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs (低频电磁场).
And she’s not alone. Millions of people say they suffer from headaches, depression, nausea and rashes when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.
Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments are still concerned. In fact, last April, the European Parliament called for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones.
If these fears are reasonable, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into wi-fi hotpots.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia. Also there’s a greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumours.
But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑). Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet. “We don't have the evidence that there’s much danger.”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group.
According to Robert Park, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US, the magnetic waves aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, which is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.
Perhaps it’s just psychological. Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome, which is a condition that’s considered to be psychological.
Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a break in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us.
Title: Could cellphones give you cancer? | |
Key points | Supporting details |
Cellphones are (1.)__▲__ to use | ● Some people think it (2.) __▲__ for cellphones to cause cancer. ● Camilla Rees got ill after his neighbor installed a wi-fi router. ● Millions of people have the (3.) __▲__ problems as Camilla. ● Some evidence supports people’s anxieties. |
Cellphones are safe to use | ● Some believe that these concerns are just paranoia. ● So far, studies show that there isn’t much (4.) __▲__ between EMFs and illness. ● Robert Park thinks that the magnetic waves aren’t powerful enough to (5.) __▲__ DNA. ● It’s just for psychological (6.) __▲__ that people feel ill when they use cellphones. |
Attitudes and (7.) __▲__ | ● Some governments are (8.) __▲__ about the safety of cellphones or EMFs. ● The author thinks that we should (9.) __▲__ the chance of talking on the phone or spend more time in the (10.) __▲__ without cellphones. |
高二英语任务型阅读中等难度题
认真阅读短文,根据所读内容在下面表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格1个单词。
Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, powerlines and wi-fi (路由器) could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumours.
For example, Camilla Rees, 48, a former investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door. Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a wi-fi router she lost her ability to think clearly. “I would wake up dizzy in the morning. I’d fall to the floor. I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she said. Since then, she’s been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs (低频电磁场).
And she’s not alone. Millions of people say they suffer from headaches, depression, nausea and rashes when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.
Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments are still concerned. In fact, last April, the European Parliament called for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones.
If these fears are reasonable, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into wi-fi hotpots.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia. Also there’s a greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumours.
But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑). Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet. “We don't have the evidence that there’s much danger.”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group.
According to Robert Park, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US, the magnetic waves aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, which is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.
Perhaps it’s just psychological. Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome, which is a condition that’s considered to be psychological.
Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a break in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us.
Title: Could cellphones give you cancer? | |
Key points | Supporting details |
Cellphones are (1.)__▲__ to use | ● Some people think it (2.) __▲__ for cellphones to cause cancer. ● Camilla Rees got ill after his neighbor installed a wi-fi router. ● Millions of people have the (3.) __▲__ problems as Camilla. ● Some evidence supports people’s anxieties. |
Cellphones are safe to use | ● Some believe that these concerns are just paranoia. ● So far, studies show that there isn’t much (4.) __▲__ between EMFs and illness. ● Robert Park thinks that the magnetic waves aren’t powerful enough to (5.) __▲__ DNA. ● It’s just for psychological (6.) __▲__ that people feel ill when they use cellphones. |
Attitudes and (7.) __▲__ | ● Some governments are (8.) __▲__ about the safety of cellphones or EMFs. ● The author thinks that we should (9.) __▲__ the chance of talking on the phone or spend more time in the (10.) __▲__ without cellphones. |
高二英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析
认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章.后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意每空一词
Have you ever kept your eyes groundward while otherwise presenting yourself well at a job interview? People who do often wonder why they fail to get the job despite having made full preparations and taken into consideration every possible interview question. To a large degree, the problem is not about your verbal preparation but rather your body language at an interview, Preparing your body language for an interview is crucial (至关重要的),because it has various meanings in different cultures.
And how does the language of gestures vary between Chinese and Western society? Instead of examining the theory, let’s focus on handshake, the most practical gesture that easily escapes our attention. Patti Wood once said, “Most of the hiring decisions are made in the first 10 seconds of an interview.” The way you shake the interviewer’s hand could create the first impression you make. A weak handshake implies lack of confidence. But is it wise to use a powerful handshake? It depends. This would not be a problem if you were shaking hands with a Westerner as they appreciate a firm handshake. But for Asian people a gentler handshake is better, as an over-powerful grip might seem offensive.
Hand gestures are another major difference. Western prospective employers are likely to appreciate interviewees who use their hands expressively, and to assume that those who keep their hands hidden are either distrustful or lacking in confidence. The opposite applies in Asia. Be sure, therefore, to keep your hand gestures to a minimum at interviews with local companies in China.
There are, apart from these two differences, other elements of body language that could ruin your interview wherever you are. You should make eye contact with your interviewer. That doesn’t mean you should glare directly into the interviewer’s eyes. The best point of focus would be a little lower than the middle point. Secondly, you shouldn’t touch your nose, lips or forehead. This tells the interviewer that you are either extremely nervous or lying. Lastly, never jiggle (抖动)your legs or fold your arms. Leg jiggling delivers clearly the message that you feel uneasy and want to escape as quickly as possible. Likewise, crossing your arms implies that you are either defensive or bored.
A research entitled “Non-Verbal Clues in Job Interviews” found that interviewers spotted a high connection between motivation, social skills and employment. Job seekers hence communicate their motivation and social skills through their body language. This crucial factor determines your fate in any job interview, which is why I cannot overemphasize (过分强调)the significance of body language and gestures. If you now recall your last failed interview, perhaps it is easier to understand why you didn’t get the job.
Don’t let body language 1.your job interview | |
Introduction | It is getting your body language well 2.that matters in an interview. |
Major 3. between Chinese and Western society | Handshake, the most practical gesture, can easily be 4.. Westerners appreciate a firm handshake, which might5.Asian people. |
To westerners, expressive hand gestures show you are 6.and confident. In China, you’d better 7.your hand gestures. | |
Other elements of body language | Make 8.eye contact with your interviewer. 9.touching your nose, lips or forehead. Never jiggle your legs or fold your arms. |
Conclusion | Your fate in any job interview 10.on your body language. |
高二英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析
任务型阅读(每小题1分,满分10分)
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意:每空格1个单词。
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
Third-generation mobile phones, known as 3G, are the next big step for the telecom industry. Data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than that in present technology. This means users can have high-speed Internet access and enjoy video and CD-quality music on their phones.
“Mobile data is not a dream; it’s not an option(可选择) but a requirement,” said Len Lauer, head of a US communications company, Sprint PCS, at a 3G conference in Bangkok(曼谷) earlier this month.
With 3G, you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday’s news; a 3G phone can receive video news programs, updated four times a day. Internet access will also be much quicker, making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home.
Face-to-face video calls
Don’t worry about getting lost. 3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset.
However, the most impressive(印象深刻的) part of 3G technology is video calling. With live two-way video communication, you can have face-to-face talks with friends and family on your mobile phone.
Many European countries have already launched the service. In May 2000 the US Government issued(发放) five license(执照) to run 3G wireless services, while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year.
International telecom companies can’t wait to sell 3G in China, the world’s largest mobile telecommunications market. But they will have to be patient. At the moment, China is busy testing its 3G-based technologies, networks and services. This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops.
“We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the large-scale commercial launch of the service,” said Fan Yunjun, marketing manager for Beijing Mobile. “We expect that the 3G licenses will be issued late next year.”
Third-generation mobile phones (3G mobile phones) | |
(1) ______________ | a. Data speed: (2) ______________ than present technology b. Video and (3) _____ music c. Video news programs: (4) ________ four times a day d. Internet access: quicker and (5) __________ |
Impressive functions | a. Offer (6) __________ services, helping you find your way b. Provide two-way video (7) ____________ |
3G phones in China | a. China is busy (8) ________ its 3G-based technologies, networks and services. b. 3G phones should go through a (9) _______ period before being put into market. c. 3G phones are expected to be seen (10) _______ next year. |
高二英语其他题简单题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Celebrating Sleep
World Sleep Day, observed on 21 March, was created to bring attention to the growing number of sleep problems worldwide. Sleep is a natural part of human life, but many people in the modern world ignore its importance. As a result, sleep problems are increasingly common.In 2002, scientists at the University of Athens in Greece conducted a survey of over 35,000 people in 10 countries around the world, including China, Belgium and South Africa. Of the people that responded to the survey, 24 percent said that they did not sleep well, and based on their responses, 31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia(失眠) and another 17.5 percent were diagnosed with borderline(边界线) insomnia. In addition, 30.7 percent of survey respondents reported visiting a doctor for help with sleep problems and 11.6 percent said that they felt very sleepy during the day.
Overall, the survey found that many people suffer the effects of poor quality sleep, some examples of which are being unable to fall asleep and waking up in the middle of the night. The main factors causing these problems are pressure from school or work and a fast pace of life, but noise pollution and light pollution also interfere with sleep and contribute to poor quality sleep. The survey’s findings are particularly troubling because large numbers of people were found to have difficulty sleeping at night. The short-term effects of this are tiredness and trouble concentrating. If this happens for a long time, the risk of gaining weight and having a heart attack may increase.
There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, dark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.
Getting a good night’s sleep is important for everyone. By following the advice above, you can rest better at night and work better during the day.
Topic | Context |
World Sleep Day | Due to ignorance of sleep problems, people observed Mar. 21, World Sleep Day, 1. ______attention to the importance of sleep. |
Responses of the survey | ◆Of 3, 5000 people in 10 countries in the world, there were 24 percent of the people saying they didn’t sleep well. ◆31.6 percent were diagnosed with insomnia and another 17.5 percent were on the 2.of sleeplessness. ◆The 3. of the people feeling sleepy during the day is 11.6. ◆30.7 percent reported 4. to a doctor for sleep problems. |
Factors 5. sleep problems and their consequences | ◆Under6.from school or work, people may have sleep problems. ◆A fast pace of life causes sleep problem as well. ◆Poor quality sleeps also 7. from noise or light pollution. ◆There is much8. that sleepless people easily gain weight and have a heart attack. ◆Feeling tired and sleepy, people find it hard to concentrate. |
9.to take to improve sleep quality | ◆Have regular sleep habits ◆Make your bedroom cool, dark and quiet ◆Avoid things 10.caffeine |
高二英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空格1个单词。
Health researchers have noticed that some groups of people are more consistently healthy than others, and wondered… Is it race? Income? Where you live? In the United States, these disagreements in health outcomes have been the focus of intense research for the past several decades.
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others. She says one important factor in people’s health is the amount of education they have.
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United States census. Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades.
“We looked at life expectancy(预测寿命)at age 25,” Meara says.
“How many additional years can you expect to live if you arrive at age 25 and your education has stopped at high school, or sooner? Versus how many years, can you expect to live if you’ve reached aged 25 and you’ve gone on to at least some college…”
Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years. In 2000, a 25 year old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75.
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990. Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000, could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact .
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people has made gains in the length of their lives. Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn’t changed for less educated people.
Some of these gains can be explained. Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education.
“I think it’s a reminder not to be satisfactory,” Meara says. “Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn’t always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population. And I think that's something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere.”
Meara points out that education can often determine income - people with more education frequently make more money. This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier. But the data on income do NOT show that people who make more money are automatically healthier.
Title | The Amount of __71_____Contributes to People’s Health | |||
Comparisons | The less educated people | The ____72____ educated people | ||
In 1990 | They could live for 75 years | They could live to the age of 80 | ||
In 2000 | Their life expectancy was the same as in 1990. | They could live to the age of 81.6 _____73____. | ||
___74___ of the research | In the past ____75___ | Their life expectancy remained ____76_____. | They’ve made gains in the length of their lives, partly ___77____ to their quitting smoking. | |
People are getting healthier, but it doesn’t mean that the advantages and successes extend into all parts of the population | ||||
Income____78_____ on education. | People with more education make more money | |||
Getting more money helps to increase their ____79____ of health care, which can keep them healthier. | ||||
______80_____ | Education is the key to better health. | |||
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空格1个单词。
Searching for the truth
Collecting mid writing news is like researching in history: the best information comes from those who were there at the time. So if' we want to study tile history of China in the sixth century AD, we look at the writings of the people who lived then. They are called the primary sources because they tell us what it was like to live then. People at a much later date who write about the same events are called the secondary sources. For example, when we read the original writings of Jia Sixie on agriculture, we are reading a primary source; when we read about Jia Sixie in our textbook we are reading secondary source because the passage was written about him and his ideas many years after he died.
When we make news we use primary and secondary sources. We can see this most clearly in TV programmes. As we watch the news on TV, the person presenting the programme in the studio is the secondary source( because he tells us about the news) and the reporter in. Iraq or Washington is the primary source (because he is telling us about what is actually happening there). Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war, earthquake, sports meeting, concert or festival. These reporters explain what is happening so we have a clearer idea of what is going on there. They often take photographers with them who act as primary source by giving pictures of events.
In a newspaper the position is different because these two roles are often combined. This means a reporter who investigates a story may be the same person who writes it. If this happens, the reporter is both the primary and the secondary source. But the photographer who works with him/her is still a primary, source.
One of the reasons that it is important to separate primary and secondary sources is that they help us to decide what is a fact and what is an opinion. A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. An opinion is somebody's idea of what happened. So facts and opinions are often mixed in any report, whether in a newspaper or on TV.
What have you learnt from the above passage?
Primary Source | Primary sources are the writing of' the people who lived at (1)___________ time and offer an inside view of a particular event |
Secondary source | Secondary sources are the writings of the people who write about the same events at a much later date with explanation and analysis (2)_________ on primary sources |
News on TV | The TV (3)__________ in the studio is tile secondary source while the reporter on the (4) ____________ is the primary source |
News in a newspaper | A newspaper reporter can be both primary and secondary source if he collects the information anti then (5) ______________ the news. But the photographer(6) ___________ with the reporter is always a primary source |
Fact | A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. In other (7)____________, it is something that is (8) ________________ |
Opinion | An opinion is somebody's idea of what (9)________________on |
Conclusion | Primary and secondary sources are both important for (10)_______ the truth |
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意:每空格一个单词。
Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society. We should return to the old traditions of family and community, and then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?
In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize(区分优先次序) caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.
Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.
In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned(谴责) then. But we cannot ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern twins.
Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.
In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
Title: Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?
Main comparisons | Contexts |
In the past people put caring, sharing and generosity in the (2)_________ place. | |
Nowadays, people seem to be more (3)_________ about themselves. | |
People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦让). | |
People may strive to achieve their own (5)_________, even at the price of their coworkers. | |
The author’s understanding | |
(6)_________ for the changes in author’s eyes | Fierce (7)_________ and great (8)_________ on modern people may be responsible for the changes. |
The author’s (9)_________ towards topic | A relationship which can (10)_________ both sides should be established. |
高二英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空格1个单词。
Autumn blues? Let the sunshine in falling leaves, withering flowers, cold winds, faint sunshine. For many people late autumn can be a season of depression. Spirits can be low. People who suffer from "the autumn blues" often are extremely exhausted, lack energy, need more sleep, feel increased appetite and gain weight.
"The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD), is not known yet," says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. "But recent studies indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused by changes in the availability of sunlight."
One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates mood, sleep, and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter. Exposure to light may reset the biological clock.
Another theory is that brain chemicals that transmit information between nerves may be altered in individuals with SAD. It is believed that exposure to light can correct these imbalances.
"It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy. Remember, spring always lives in your heart," Chen says.
Here are some tips to deal with autumn depression.
- Go outdoors and get some sunlight. Move around. Fresh air and exercise improve the respiratory(呼吸) system and blood circulation and regulate the nervous system. Thus, exercise is calming and relieves one's mood.
- Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation.
- Keep a chocolate bar in your pocket. Chocolate and sugar raise the spirits.
- Look at bright colors, such as red and orange. Color therapy improves mood.
- Listen to your favorite music. You can dance to it, or just lie on a cozy couch, reading a novel.
- Decorate your room and work space with flowers. Blooming plants are cheering.
- Call friends or family when you feel lonely. Recall some happy memories.
Autumn Blues | |||||
Autumn blues is also called autumn1.________ .The real cause for it is still【小题 1】________ to us. Exposure to sunlight can help to cure it. | There are some2.________ that can help to deal with it. | ||||
The first reason is that exposure to sunshine can reset the biological clock 3. _____ mood, sleep and hormones. | The second is connected4. _______ the balance of nerves that transmit information. | Outdoor 5.______ may reduce the tension that brings you the low spirits. | You can relax yourselves while working. 6._____ chocolate and sugar in the pocket does help too. | 7._______ treatment also works in handling low mood. Music also 8. ______ a role in treating autumn blues. | Green plants are cheering. Calling your friends will drive 9._______ away. Thinking of the sweet past is regarded as a good way as well. |
高二英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格填入最恰当的单词。
注意:每空格一个单词。
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
In the United States, 20 to 40 percent of the adult population have a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause seems obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.
Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.
I believe that this shows overweight people can become relatively slim gradually via a progressive program of regular exercise. The key is regular, enjoyable activity.
Use of energy(calories) by the body falls into two categories. The first is energy used for essential bodily functions—digestion, heart beat, breathing—and BMR(新陈代谢). In an average-sized adult, BMR requires about 1400 calories per day.
The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.
For years now, we have known that dieting—especially severe dieting(400 calories per day, for instance)—decreases BMR. This is the body's defense system to keep energy when food supply is reduced. Unfortunately, it tends to weaken the diet's effects by enabling the body to “get by” on fewer calories. For this reason, I believe that severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight, and all dieting should be seen as a temporary measure.
In addition to helping weight loss and continued weight control, regular exercise has many other features to recommend it. While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, weight loss by exercise and moderate dieting leads to an increased proportion(均衡)of muscle mass. The regular exerciser has good heart function too.
Regular exercise helps to raise blood levels of high-density lipoprotein(HDL) and increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients (营养).
The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足够的)of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(长期便秘).
To sum up, most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity is found. Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery or the active, healthy-eating, healthful way.
Title Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
Causes of weight problems ●It's commonly believed that adults' weight problems are due to 1.______ too much, but little scientific evidence 2.______ this idea.
●Studies show that fat people eat less and are 3.______ active than slim people.
4.______of eating enough ●Energy used for essential bodily functions, BMR, and 5.______ activity should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable
●Food intake offers 6.______ vitamin and mineral intake and prevents the old from chronic constipation.
Ways of weight loss ●Dieting alone—a temporary measure
●Tending to weaken the diet's effects
●7.______in some loss of muscle as well as fat
●Exercising 8.______ — a recommended way
●Having good heart function
●Helping to raise blood levels of HDL
●Attaining critical nutrients
9.______ ●Doing little exercise has much to do with obesity.
●Severe dieting should be 10.______.
●Moderate dieting as well as regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable.
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In the United States, engineering is a profession that has been dominated(支配)historically by men. Even today, it's still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical(机械的) engineers, but that's something www.EngineerGirl.org aims to change. Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great career choice they might not have considered.
"Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce. So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women."
Mary Mattis is the National Academy of Engineering, says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14, when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures.
"We know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical(关键的)point in their lives, and that it's a time when we need to reach them, both with an understanding, increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering, what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer. But we also need to reach them at that time because you have to take certain courses, and you can't start thinking about taking those courses when you're a junior in high school."
Engineering is a demanding course of study ---there is a lot of science and mathematics, for many girls and even boys, that can be challenging. But Ms. Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.
"It's about designing things. It's about changing the world for people. It's about making a difference. And, in addition, you can make a good living, you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer. All of those things are messages that girls need to get."
While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering and --- believe it or not --- chocolate engineering.
"There's a section called 'why be an engineer,' and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bio-engineering and environmental engineering, some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers beyond earning an income."
Even if you are not a girl in the target age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies(传记)of some notable(显著的)women engineers.
Title : Website(1)______ Girls to learn Engineering
Present (2)_____ for the engineering profession in the USA | The majority of men take up the profession throughout(3) ______, while only a small number of women work as engineers. |
(4)_____ of the website | To make young women (5)_____ of interesting fields in engineering and what productivity and(6)_____ the career of being engineers can bring them. |
(7)_____ of being engineers | * It can be fun and exciting. * It can(8)_____ the world for people. * You can make a good living. * You can gain economic(9)_____ by becoming an engineer. |
Other fields concerning engineering | Various opportunities are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering (10) _____ to sports, and even chocolate |
高二英语填空题简单题查看答案及解析