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Scientists have proved that sleeping and learning go hand in hand. Even a short nap can boost our memory and sharpen our thinking. But the relationship goes deeper than that.
“The brain is not passive while you sleep,” scientist Anat Arzi said. “It’s quite active. You can do many things while you are asleep.”
Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteers any complex information, like new words or facts. Instead, the scientists taught volunteers to make new connections between smells and sounds.
When we smell something good, like a flower, we take deep breaths. When we smell something bad, we take short breaths. Arzi and her co-workers based their experiment on these reactions.
Once the volunteers fell asleep in the lab, the scientists went to work. They gave them a whiff of something pleasant and meanwhile played a particular musical note. They didn’t wake up, but they heard—and sniffed(吸气) deeply. Then the scientists gave the volunteers a whiff of something terrible and played a different musical note. Again, the volunteers heard and smelled—a short snort this
time—but didn’t wake up. The researchers repeated the experiment.
After just four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their paired smells. When the scientists played the musical tone that went with good smells, the sleepers breathed deeply. And when the scientists played the musical tone that went with bad smells, the sleepers breathed briefly—despite there being no bad smell.
The next day, the volunteers woke up with the sound-smell connection. They breathed deeply when hearing one tone and cut their breaths short when hearing the other, which must have been unusual for them. Imagine walking down the street and taking a deep breath upon hearing a particular sound!
1.In the study, the volunteers were taught _______.
A．to become active during sleep
B．to tell the difference between smell
C．to learn new words and scientific facts
D．to make sound-smell connections
2. How did the volunteers react when smelling something nice and hearing musical notes?
A．They took a deep breath. B．They had a wonderful dream.
C．They woke up at once. D．They took a short breath.
3. When the volunteers woke up the next day, they_______.
A．learned how to play to musical tones
B．forgot what happened during their sleep
C．continued with the sound-smell connection
D．changed their reaction when hearing.
4.The passage mainly tell us______
A．special smells and sounds can improve our memory.
B．our brain can actually learn something new during the sleep.
C．the volunteers will always hear similar sounds in the street.
D．our brain can tell the difference between smells during the sleep.
5.Which of the following is NOT true?
A．A short sleep can improve our memory and sharpen our thinking.
B．Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteer some simple information.
C．When the volunteer smelt something terrible, they didn’t wake up.
D．After four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their pared smells.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Scientists have proved that sleeping and learning go hand in hand. Even a short nap can boost our memory and sharpen our thinking. But the relationship goes deeper than that.
“The brain is not passive while you sleep,” scientist Anat Arzi said. “It’s quite active. You can do many things while you are asleep.”
Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteers any complex information, like new words or facts. Instead, the scientists taught volunteers to make new connections between smells and sounds.
When we smell something good, like a flower, we take deep breaths. When we smell something bad, we take short breaths. Arzi and her co-workers based their experiment on these reactions.
Once the volunteers fell asleep in the lab, the scientists went to work. They gave them a whiff of something pleasant and meanwhile played a particular musical note. They didn’t wake up, but they heard—and sniffed(吸气) deeply. Then the scientists gave the volunteers a whiff of something terrible and played a different musical note. Again, the volunteers heard and smelled—a short snort this time—but didn’t wake up. The researchers repeated the experiment.
After just four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their paired smells. When the scientists played the musical tone that went with good smells, the sleepers breathed deeply. And when the scientists played the musical tone that went with bad smells, the sleepers breathed briefly—despite there being no bad smell.
The next day, the volunteers woke up with the sound-smell connection. They breathed deeply when hearing one tone and cut their breaths short when hearing the other, which must have been unusual for them. Imagine walking down the street and taking a deep breath upon hearing a particular sound!
1.In the study, the volunteers were taught _______.
A. to become active during sleep
B. to tell the difference between smells
C. to learn new words and scientific facts
D. to make sound-smell connections
2.How did the volunteers react when smelling something nice and hearing musical notes?
A. They took a deep breath.
B. They had a wonderful dream.
C. They woke up at once.
D. They took a short breath.
3.When the volunteers woke up the next day, they_______.
A. learned how to play to musical tones
B. forgot what happened during their sleep
C. continued with the sound-smell connection
D. changed their reaction when hearing the sound
4.The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. special smells and sounds can improve our memory
B. our brain can actually learn something new during sleep
C. the volunteers will always hear similar sounds on the street
D. our brain can tell the difference between smells during sleep
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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We have to admit that happiness and work do not tend to go hand in hand. A 2016 Gallup study(民意调查),1.reported some relative data from more than 180 million people, found that just 13% of us consider ourselves to be “happily engaged at work”.
2.(compare) with unhappy people, happy ones are six times more energetic. The good news is that just 50% of happiness3.(influence) by genetics, and the rest is up to you. When it comes4.making yourself happy, you need to learn5.works for you. Once you discover this, everything else tends to fall into place. And making yourself happy not only improves your6.(perform), but is also good for your health.
7.important skill that happy people tend to have in common is emotional intelligence(EQ). At TalentSmart, we’ve tested the EQs of more than a million people and know what makes high EQ people. So, we will keep8.(dig) until we find the ways that emotionally9.(intelligence) people create10.own happiness at work.
高二英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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US scientists say they have poured cold water on the theory that washing hands with hot water kills more germs (细菌) than unheated water. The small study of 20 people found using water at 15℃ (59F) left hands as clean as water heated to 38℃ (100F).
National Health Service (NHS) recommends that people wash their hands in either cold or warm water. In this study, scientists at Rutgers University — New Brunswick wanted to find out if popular assumptions about the benefits of warm or hot water and official guidance on hot water — given to the food industry in the US — held true. They asked 20 people to wash their hands 20 times each with water that was 15℃ (59F), 26℃ (79F) or 38 degrees (100F). Volunteers were also asked to experiment with varying amounts of soap. Before they started the tests, their hands were covered in harmless bugs. Researchers say there was no difference in the amount of bugs removed as the temperature of the water or the amount of soap changed.
Prof Donald Schaffner said, “People need to feel comfortable when they are washing their hands but as far as effectiveness goes, this study shows us that the temperature of the water used did not matter.”
However, the researchers accept their study is small and say more extensive work is needed to determine the best ways to remove harmful bacteria.
In the UK, NHS experts say people can use cold or hot water to wash their hands. They say hands should be washed for at least 20 seconds and stress the importance of using enough soap to cover the whole surface of the hands. Their guidance focuses on rubbing hands together in various ways to make sure each surface of each hand is clean.
1.What does the underlined phrase “poured cold water” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Proved.
B. Contradicted.
C. Created.
D. Accepted.
2.After they washed their hands with either hot or cold water, _______.
A. volunteers all didn't feel very comfortable
B. volunteers all talked about American food industry
C. volunteers still had much germ on their hands
D. volunteers nearly had the same amount of germ removed
3.How do researchers feel about their study?
A. It is popular.
B. It is convincing.
C. It is incomplete.
D. It is abstract.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Using Cold Water Instead of Hot Water
B. How to Use Cold Water to Wash Hands
C. It’s Better to Wash Hands in Cold Water
D. Washing Hands in Cold Water as Good as in Hot Water
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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My oil ________.I have to go to the gas station and add some before I've none in hand.
A．has run out B．has been run out
C．is running out D．is being running out
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2) citrus（柑橘）fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruit and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereals（谷类食品）, and rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
Paragraph 2
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
Paragraph 3
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
1. It is important for people to eat ________.
A. three times a day
B. dinner at twelve o’clock
C. cooked food all the day
D. something from each of the seven kinds of food every day
2. People in different countries and different places of the world ________.
A. have the right kinds of food to eat
B. cook their food in the same way
C. have their meals at the same time
D. eat food in different ways
3.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People in some places don’t have enough to eat.
B. There are too many people in the world.
C. One of the problems is that no one is hungry.
D. The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy.
4. If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?
A. When people eat their lunch.
B. What to do with the two problems.
C. How to cook food in different ways.
D. Why people eat different kinds of food.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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The Meanings of Dreams
Sleep and dreams have interested people for centuries. Scientists are learning more about sleep, but they still know very little about why we dream.
________1.________ First, we have most of our dreams during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. At this time, the brain is very active. Second, everyone dreams – even if we cannot remember doing so when we awaken. ________2.________ While we are asleep, it works more slowly and sometimes puts our thoughts and memories together in strange ways.
________3.________ Some believe that our dreams are associated with thoughts and feelings that we experience while we are awake. Many dream researchers think that a dream about death, for example, is really about an important life change. ________4.________ Dreams about a car or travel often represent feelings about your own life. Dreams about teeth – especially broken or loose ones may indicate stress and fear. Dreams in which you are flying often represent freedom or escape.
Researchers think people in our dreams can tell us something about ourselves. If the person in the dream was yelling (叫喊), for example, maybe you are angry. ________5.________
There is still a lot about dreaming that we do not understand. By learning more about our dreams, we may learn more about ourselves.
A．Dreams may be more important than sleep.
B．Scientists do not know for certain why we dream.
C．If he or she was terrified, then maybe you are afraid of something.
D．Modern research can tell us some important things about dreams.
E. There are three things you should pay attention to to have a sweet dream.
F. Finally, a part of our brain helps us to understand daily experiences we have.
G. Dreams about telephones are thought to be about giving or receiving an important message.
高二英语信息匹配中等难度题查看答案及解析
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American and British researchers have proved that judgments based on how someone looks are important. They found that appearance tells a lot about your personality.
The researchers included Laura Naumann of Sonoma State University in California, and Simine Vazire of Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. They were joined by Sam Gosling of the University of Texas at Austin and Peter J. Rentfrow of Britain's Cambridge University. The results of their study were published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin in December, 2009.
The subjects（接受实验者）were asked to judge the personality of people they had never met. The judges examined pictures of one hundred twenty-three people. The people in the photographs had been told how to stand. They looked into the cameras without showing their feelings. The same people also were photographed the way they themselves wanted to stand. Those who wanted to smile could smile.
Then the judges attempted to decide what the people were like. The researchers compared the judges’ opinions with the way the people who were photographed thought of themselves. Three people who knew those in the photographs well also provided information about their personality and behavior.
The judges looked for ten qualities in the people in the pictures. The qualities included extroversion (having a confident character and enjoying the company of other people) and self-esteem (being satisfied with oneself).
The judges also looked for signs of loneliness, conscientiousness（正义）, emotional control and religious and political beliefs.
The researchers said the judges could identify some personalities even when people were pictured in controlled positions. They could recognize personalities like extroversion and self-esteem. But it was hard for the judges to decide about most other personalities under the controlled conditions.
When the people smiled and stood naturally, however, judging their personalities was easy. Then the judges’ choices were correct for nine of the ten personalities.
Researcher Laura Nauman said that we live in the world where first impressions are important.
1. According to the passage, who were the judges?
A. The researchers of the study. B. The subjects in the study.
C. Parents and other adults. D. People in the photographs.
2. Which of the following qualities could the judges identify even when people were pictured in controlled positions?
A. Extroversion B. Religious beliefs C. Loneliness D. Emotional control
3. We can infer from the passage that ____________
A. the study was carried out by four researchers from America.
B. in the study126 people were photographed for judges to decide their personalities.
C. the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin is an official publication（出版物）.
D. it was hard to recognize personalities when the people were pictured with natural looks.
4. What will the author most probably talk about next?
A. The quality of the judges. B. The personalities of Laura Nauman.
C. Signs of emotional control. D. The reason why one’s appearance is important.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
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Learning a second language is tricky at any age. Now, in a new study, scientists have worked out the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to drop: 10.
The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it's nearly impossible for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after age 10. But that's not because language skills start to go downhill. "It turns out you're still learning fast, "says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College. "It's just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old. People who start a few years after age 10 may still become quite good at a language," the authors say, "but they are unlikely to become fluent." Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children's brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they're better able to adapt and respond to new information. "All learning involves the brain changing," Hartshorne says, "and children's brains seem to be a lot more skillful at changing. " Kids may also be more willing to try new things and to potentially look foolish in the process than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to obey the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank page.
These findings might seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical(关键的) period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than previously thought. Some scientists believed that the window began to close shortly after birth, while others extended it to early adolescence. Compared with those estimates (评估), age 17 or 18 — when language-learning ability starts to drop off—may seem relatively old.
1.What is the best period to learn a second language?
A.Before ten. B.Early adolescence. C.Age fifteen. D.Age seventeen or eighteen.
2.When it comes to new things, what does the writer think of kids compared with adults?
A.They're less skillful. B.They're less interested.
C.They're more flexible. D.They're more stubborn.
3.What does the underlined word "window" in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Interest. B.Chance. C.Confidence. D.Motivation.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.It's Never Too late to Learn a Second Language.
B.It Takes Time to Be Good at a Second Language.
C.Do We Really Need to Learn Foreign Languages?
D.Why Kids Learn Languages More Easily than Adults.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Scientists have learned a great deal in the last thirty years by studying people as they sleep. They study the bodily characteristics that change during sleep. They have learned that there is one kind of sleep which causes rapid eye movement ( REM ) and another kind with no rapid eye movement (NREM).
Sleep is divided into three stages. In stage one, when you start to go to sleep, you have a pleasant floating feeling. In stage two, you sleep more deeply, and a noise will probably not wake you up. In stage three, the brain waves are less active. This third stage is when you dream, REM tends to signal that we are dreaming. For the rest of the night, you alternate between REM and NREM sleep.
Sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really sleeps. The things that are on your mind during the day are still there at night. They appear as dreams. Researchers say that normal people may have four or five REM periods of dreaming each night. The first one may begin only a half hour after they fall asleep, and the final one may last up to an hour. Nightmares (a frightening dream) usually happen toward the early morning.
Besides dreaming, snoring is also common in one's sleep. People snore because they have trouble breathing while they are asleep. Some snorers have a condition called apnea. They stop breathing up to thirty or forty times an hour because the throat muscles relax too much and block the airway. After a period of time, the brain will signal the person to start breathing again. During this time a person will snore. This is a dangerous condition, because once the brain is without oxygen for four minutes there could be serious brain damage. Sleep apnea can also cause irregular heartbeats, high blood pressure, and a general lack of energy.
What should you do if you have trouble sleeping? Lots of people take sleeping pills, but these are dangerous because they can be addictive. Doctors say the best thing is to try to relax and to avoid bad habits.
Sleep is important to humans. In an average lifetime, 220, 000 hours are spent sleeping, so we need to understand everything we can about sleep. Sweet dreams!
1.Sleep is a(an) ________ need for humans.
A. emotional B. mental
C. biological D. psychological
2.Which of the following conditions is NOT caused by sleep apnea?
A. A heart attack.
B. A lack of energy.
C. Irregular heartbeats.
D. High blood pressure.
3.We can learn from the article that ____________.
A. our brains can get a good rest when we are asleep
B. it's impossible to stop the habit of taking sleeping pills
C. REM and NREM are ways to see if people are in a deep sleep.
D. in stage two people will probably not wake up if they hear a noise.
4.Where is the article probably from?
A. A sports guidebook.
B. A health magazine.
C. A fashion website.
D. A news report.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析