American and British researchers have proved that judgments based on how someone looks are important. They found that appearance tells a lot about your personality.
The researchers included Laura Naumann of Sonoma State University in California, and Simine Vazire of Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. They were joined by Sam Gosling of the University of Texas at Austin and Peter J. Rentfrow of Britain's Cambridge University. The results of their study were published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin in December, 2009.
The subjects(接受实验者)were asked to judge the personality of people they had never met. The judges examined pictures of one hundred twenty-three people. The people in the photographs had been told how to stand. They looked into the cameras without showing their feelings. The same people also were photographed the way they themselves wanted to stand. Those who wanted to smile could smile.
Then the judges attempted to decide what the people were like. The researchers compared the judges’ opinions with the way the people who were photographed thought of themselves. Three people who knew those in the photographs well also provided information about their personality and behavior.
The judges looked for ten qualities in the people in the pictures. The qualities included extroversion (having a confident character and enjoying the company of other people) and self-esteem (being satisfied with oneself).
The judges also looked for signs of loneliness, conscientiousness(正义), emotional control and religious and political beliefs.
The researchers said the judges could identify some personalities even when people were pictured in controlled positions. They could recognize personalities like extroversion and self-esteem. But it was hard for the judges to decide about most other personalities under the controlled conditions.
When the people smiled and stood naturally, however, judging their personalities was easy. Then the judges’ choices were correct for nine of the ten personalities.
Researcher Laura Nauman said that we live in the world where first impressions are important.
1. According to the passage, who were the judges?
A. The researchers of the study. B. The subjects in the study.
C. Parents and other adults. D. People in the photographs.
2. Which of the following qualities could the judges identify even when people were pictured in controlled positions?
A. Extroversion B. Religious beliefs C. Loneliness D. Emotional control
3. We can infer from the passage that ____________
A. the study was carried out by four researchers from America.
B. in the study126 people were photographed for judges to decide their personalities.
C. the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin is an official publication(出版物).
D. it was hard to recognize personalities when the people were pictured with natural looks.
4. What will the author most probably talk about next?
A. The quality of the judges. B. The personalities of Laura Nauman.
C. Signs of emotional control. D. The reason why one’s appearance is important.
高二英语阅读理解简单题
American and British researchers have proved that judgments based on how someone looks are important. They found that appearance tells a lot about your personality.
The researchers included Laura Naumann of Sonoma State University in California, and Simine Vazire of Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. They were joined by Sam Gosling of the University of Texas at Austin and Peter J. Rentfrow of Britain's Cambridge University. The results of their study were published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin in December, 2009.
The subjects(接受实验者)were asked to judge the personality of people they had never met. The judges examined pictures of one hundred twenty-three people. The people in the photographs had been told how to stand. They looked into the cameras without showing their feelings. The same people also were photographed the way they themselves wanted to stand. Those who wanted to smile could smile.
Then the judges attempted to decide what the people were like. The researchers compared the judges’ opinions with the way the people who were photographed thought of themselves. Three people who knew those in the photographs well also provided information about their personality and behavior.
The judges looked for ten qualities in the people in the pictures. The qualities included extroversion (having a confident character and enjoying the company of other people) and self-esteem (being satisfied with oneself).
The judges also looked for signs of loneliness, conscientiousness(正义), emotional control and religious and political beliefs.
The researchers said the judges could identify some personalities even when people were pictured in controlled positions. They could recognize personalities like extroversion and self-esteem. But it was hard for the judges to decide about most other personalities under the controlled conditions.
When the people smiled and stood naturally, however, judging their personalities was easy. Then the judges’ choices were correct for nine of the ten personalities.
Researcher Laura Nauman said that we live in the world where first impressions are important.
1. According to the passage, who were the judges?
A. The researchers of the study. B. The subjects in the study.
C. Parents and other adults. D. People in the photographs.
2. Which of the following qualities could the judges identify even when people were pictured in controlled positions?
A. Extroversion B. Religious beliefs C. Loneliness D. Emotional control
3. We can infer from the passage that ____________
A. the study was carried out by four researchers from America.
B. in the study126 people were photographed for judges to decide their personalities.
C. the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin is an official publication(出版物).
D. it was hard to recognize personalities when the people were pictured with natural looks.
4. What will the author most probably talk about next?
A. The quality of the judges. B. The personalities of Laura Nauman.
C. Signs of emotional control. D. The reason why one’s appearance is important.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
American researchers have discovered that human brains and sleep patterns are confused by devices(装置) that give out bright lights. Electronics, such as laptops, mislead our minds into thinking that it is still daytime, preventing sleep and increasing the risk of insomnia.
Sleep experts say human's natural body clock begins to rest and relax from the day between 9 and 10 pm but the use of computers confuses it.
A person's brain biologically becomes awake when the sun is out because bright light after dark causes the brain to stop producing the hormone (荷尔蒙) called melatonin that makes us sleepy.
Researchers say blue light from devices such as iPads, which is expected to become a popular reading tool when it comes out later this month, is particularly disruptive (干扰的)during the night when the brain thinks it should be dark.
Experts say a good book is a far better way of resting the brain and ensuring a good night's sleep because the bedside lamp(灯) light doesn't affect the brain as it does not look straight into a person's eyes.
“Potentially, yes, if you're using an iPad or a laptop close to bedtime... that light can be stimulating (刺激) to the brain to make it more awake and delay your ability to sleep,” Phyllis Zee, a professor at Northwestern University and director of the school's Centre for Sleep & Circadian Biology, told CNN.
“And I think more importantly, it could also be enough to affect your circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm. This is the clock in your brain that determines when you sleep and when you wake up. ”
Alon Avidan, associate director of the Sleep Disorders Center at the University of California Los Angeles, added, “I wish people would just take a boring book — an oldfashioned book — and read by a lamp.”
1.The underlined word “insomnia” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A.being unable to eat properly
B.brain injury
C.being unable to fall sleep
D.lack of energy
2.Melatonin is the hormone that ________.
A.makes us sleepy
B.helps us relaxed
C.prevents us from waking up
D.makes us excited
3.The bedside lamp light doesn't affect the brain because ________.
A.it doesn't give out blue light
B.it's not as bright as your laptop
C.it doesn't enter your eyes directly
D.it is adjustable
4.We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A.one who uses his laptop often before bedtime can have his body clock disturbed
B.using a laptop before bedtime is more harmful than using an iPad
C.we'd better not do anything before going to bed
D.the best time to go to bed is before 9 pm
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
British researchers have found that children’s IQ predicts their probability of becoming vegetarians (素食者) as young adults.
Recent studies suggest that vegetarianism may be associated with lower cholesterol (胆固醇), reduced risk of overweight and heart disease.
“We know from other studies that brighter children tend to behave in a healthier fashion as adults—they’re less likely to smoke, less likely to be overweight,less likely to have high blood pressure and more likely to take exercise.” lead author Catharine Gale said, “This study provides further evidence that people with a high IQ tend to have a healthier lifestyle.”
In the study, Gale’s team collected data on nearly 8,200 men and women aged 30, whose IQ had been tested when they were 10 years of age.
“Children who scored higher on IQ tests at age 10 were more likely than those who got lower scores to report that they were vegetarian at the age of 30.”Gale said.
The researchers found that 4.5 percent of participants were vegetarians. Of these, 2.5 percent were vegan, and 33.6 percent said they were vegetarian but also ate fish or chicken.
There was no difference in IQ score between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarian but also ate fish or chicken,the researchers added.
One expert said the findings weren’t the whole answer,however.
“We don’t know the beliefs or attitudes of the parents of the children,nor do we know if there was a particular event that led these children to becoming vegetarian in their teens or adulthood.” said Lona Sandon, and assistant professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
1.From the article,we know that ________.
A.brighter children are likely to become vegetarians when they are ten.
B.people with a higher IQ will not be overweight
C.brighter children are likely to have a healthier lifestyle
D.overweight may cause high blood pressure
2.What does the underlined word “vegan” in the sixth paragraph mean?
A.Someone who only eats vegetables.
B.Someone who chooses not to eat meat or fish.
C.Someone who likes eating meat and fish.
D.Someone who likes eating vegetables.
3.This study left some unanswered questions EXCEPT “________”.
A.Did the vegetarian children grow up in a family with a vegetarian parent?
B.Did the children eat a primarily vegetarian diet at the age of 10?
C.Were meatless meals regularly served in the participants’ families?
D.Did the vegetarian children really have a high IQ?
4.The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A.the low IQ children will be unhealthier when they grow up
B.being vegetarians can reduce the risk of overweight and heart disease
C.IQ is important to vegetarians
D.high IQ children are more likely to become vegetarian when they grow up
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Though British and American English have some differences in spelling and pronunciation,
they have much .
A. in general B. in common
C. in place D. in words
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have proved that sleeping and learning go hand in hand. Even a short nap can boost our memory and sharpen our thinking. But the relationship goes deeper than that.
“The brain is not passive while you sleep,” scientist Anat Arzi said. “It’s quite active. You can do many things while you are asleep.”
Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteers any complex information, like new words or facts. Instead, the scientists taught volunteers to make new connections between smells and sounds.
When we smell something good, like a flower, we take deep breaths. When we smell something bad, we take short breaths. Arzi and her co-workers based their experiment on these reactions.
Once the volunteers fell asleep in the lab, the scientists went to work. They gave them a whiff of something pleasant and meanwhile played a particular musical note. They didn’t wake up, but they heard—and sniffed(吸气) deeply. Then the scientists gave the volunteers a whiff of something terrible and played a different musical note. Again, the volunteers heard and smelled—a short snort this
time—but didn’t wake up. The researchers repeated the experiment.
After just four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their paired smells. When the scientists played the musical tone that went with good smells, the sleepers breathed deeply. And when the scientists played the musical tone that went with bad smells, the sleepers breathed briefly—despite there being no bad smell.
The next day, the volunteers woke up with the sound-smell connection. They breathed deeply when hearing one tone and cut their breaths short when hearing the other, which must have been unusual for them. Imagine walking down the street and taking a deep breath upon hearing a particular sound!
1.In the study, the volunteers were taught _______.
A.to become active during sleep
B.to tell the difference between smell
C.to learn new words and scientific facts
D.to make sound-smell connections
2. How did the volunteers react when smelling something nice and hearing musical notes?
A.They took a deep breath. B.They had a wonderful dream.
C.They woke up at once. D.They took a short breath.
3. When the volunteers woke up the next day, they_______.
A.learned how to play to musical tones
B.forgot what happened during their sleep
C.continued with the sound-smell connection
D.changed their reaction when hearing.
4.The passage mainly tell us______
A.special smells and sounds can improve our memory.
B.our brain can actually learn something new during the sleep.
C.the volunteers will always hear similar sounds in the street.
D.our brain can tell the difference between smells during the sleep.
5.Which of the following is NOT true?
A.A short sleep can improve our memory and sharpen our thinking.
B.Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteer some simple information.
C.When the volunteer smelt something terrible, they didn’t wake up.
D.After four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their pared smells.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have proved that sleeping and learning go hand in hand. Even a short nap can boost our memory and sharpen our thinking. But the relationship goes deeper than that.
“The brain is not passive while you sleep,” scientist Anat Arzi said. “It’s quite active. You can do many things while you are asleep.”
Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteers any complex information, like new words or facts. Instead, the scientists taught volunteers to make new connections between smells and sounds.
When we smell something good, like a flower, we take deep breaths. When we smell something bad, we take short breaths. Arzi and her co-workers based their experiment on these reactions.
Once the volunteers fell asleep in the lab, the scientists went to work. They gave them a whiff of something pleasant and meanwhile played a particular musical note. They didn’t wake up, but they heard—and sniffed(吸气) deeply. Then the scientists gave the volunteers a whiff of something terrible and played a different musical note. Again, the volunteers heard and smelled—a short snort this time—but didn’t wake up. The researchers repeated the experiment.
After just four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their paired smells. When the scientists played the musical tone that went with good smells, the sleepers breathed deeply. And when the scientists played the musical tone that went with bad smells, the sleepers breathed briefly—despite there being no bad smell.
The next day, the volunteers woke up with the sound-smell connection. They breathed deeply when hearing one tone and cut their breaths short when hearing the other, which must have been unusual for them. Imagine walking down the street and taking a deep breath upon hearing a particular sound!
1.In the study, the volunteers were taught _______.
A. to become active during sleep
B. to tell the difference between smells
C. to learn new words and scientific facts
D. to make sound-smell connections
2.How did the volunteers react when smelling something nice and hearing musical notes?
A. They took a deep breath.
B. They had a wonderful dream.
C. They woke up at once.
D. They took a short breath.
3.When the volunteers woke up the next day, they_______.
A. learned how to play to musical tones
B. forgot what happened during their sleep
C. continued with the sound-smell connection
D. changed their reaction when hearing the sound
4.The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. special smells and sounds can improve our memory
B. our brain can actually learn something new during sleep
C. the volunteers will always hear similar sounds on the street
D. our brain can tell the difference between smells during sleep
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races (种族) and rates (率) of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2.000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics (遗传学) might help explain the racial and ethnic(种族的) differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted (针对) medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."
1.Researchers agree that it is________that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.
A.the larger amount of smoking than white people
B.the living style or habit of the blacks
C.the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs
D.the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke
2.People in the new study are made up of________.
A.heavy smokers in America B.smokers and non-smokers
C.the Asians and Hawaiians D.the black and white people
3.The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to________.
A.explain different races react to some diseases differently
B.tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers
C.show a big step people have taken in the medicine area
D.support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?
A.The way of smoking may increase the risk of lung cancer.
B.Race has nothing to do with the risk of having a lung cancer.
C.The research was started by the New England Journal of Medicine.
D.he risk of lung cancer lies I how much a person smokes.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers Jose Cordova and Erich Astudillo have discovered a new molecule(分子) that kills the bacteria Streptococcus Mutans, long known to be responsible for breaking down sugars in food in the mouth, which damages tooth leading to decay(腐烂). The new molecule they call “Keep 32” has been found to kill the bacteria.
The two have applied for a patent(专利) on their discovery and have also begun a marketing strategy aimed at both oral care products and food products. They say either product, if left in the mouth for just 60 seconds ,will kill all the harmful bacteria in the mouth and keep them at bay for several hours. If the new molecule passes health and safety tests, the two believe products using their new molecule should be on the market in as little as a year and a half. They expect the market for such a product to reach $300 million in just the first year.
The two have been working together since 2005 using money from the Founder Institute and say the aim is to approve the process for creating the molecule they’ve discovered for big companies like Procter & Gamble, Colgate even candy companies such as Hershey’s. In interviews, Astudillo has suggested that the two researchers are already heavily into discussion with several companies, some of which are interested in buying the patent once it is approved.
Over the years many products have come on the scene with announcement of reducing tooth decay and even the loss of teeth, but other than the introduction of fluoride(氟化物) into drinking water, not much progress has been made. If the announcement made by this new team proves true however, it could foresee a mark in saving the world of tooth decay as well as helping to improve the health for millions of people as tooth decay has been linked to many other health problems throughout the body including heart attacks.
1.The underlined word “them” in Para. 2 refers to _________.
A. oral care products B. food products
C. new molecules D. the harmful bacteria
2.The phrase “come on the scene” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. performed B. occurred
C. existed D. arrived
3.What has been a way to reduce tooth decay and even the loss of teeth over the years?
A. Using the molecule “Keep 32”.
B. Killing the bacteria Mutans.
C. Introducing fluoride into drinking water.
D. Cooperating with some big companies.
4.This passage mainly tells us that ___________.
A. many health problems are closely connected to tooth decay
B. the discovery of a new molecule will greatly benefit health care
C. two researchers are discussing their patent with companies
D. researchers discover a molecule that can kill tooth decay-causing bacteria
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races and rates of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2,000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics might help explain the racial and ethnic differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."
1.Which of the following orders is from higher to lower risk of having lung cancer?
A.Whites—Native Hawaiians
B.Africans—Americans—Latinos
C.Asians—Native Hawaiians
D.Africans—Americans—Native Hawaiians
2.Researchers agree that it is _____ that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.
A.the larger amount of smoking than white people
B.the living style or habit of the blacks
C.the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs
D.the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke
3.People in the new study are made up of _____.
A.heavy smokers in America B.the black and white people
C.the Asians and Hawaiians D.smokers and non-smokers
4.The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to _____.
A.explain different races react to some diseases differently
B.tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers
C.show a big step people have taken in the medicine area
D.support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some researchers, parents and teachers have suggested that high-school classes begin later in the morning to accommodate (适应) teens’ needs for more sleep. 1. However, in the meantime you’ll have to make your own adjustments. Here are some suggestions that may help you to sleep better.
Set a regular bedtime. Going to bed at the same time each night signals to your body that it’s time to sleep. 2. So try to stick as closely as you can to your sleep schedule, even on weekends.
Exercise regularly. 3. Finish exercising at least 3 hours before bedtime. Many sleep experts believe that exercising in late afternoon may actually help a person sleep.
Avoid stimulants (刺激物). Don’t drink beverages with caffeine, such as soda and coffee, after 4 pm. 4. And drinking alcohol in the evening can make a person restless and interrupt sleep.
Relax your mind. Avoid violent, scary or action movies or television shows right before bed. Reading books with active plots may also keep you from falling or staying asleep.
Create the right sleeping environment. 5. So close your curtains (and make sure they’re heavy enough to block out light) and turn down the thermostat (恒温器). Noise can prevent people from sleeping well. Use a white-noise machine if you need to block out a noisy environment.
A. Waking up at the same time every day also helps establish sleep patterns.
B. People usually sleep best in a dark cool room.
C. Light signals to the brain that it’s time to wake up.
D. Try not to exercise right before bedtime as it can make it harder for you to fall asleep.
E. Nicotine is also a stimulant, so quitting smoking may help you sleep better.
F. Naps too close to bedtime may keep you from falling asleep.
G. Some schools have carried out later start times.
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析