The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相).”
Haldane said he was “very surprised” at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed “more possibilities for looking for new materials.” He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.
The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona(0.93 million US dollars), and will be split properly between the three winners.
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million; €950,000). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.
If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charities.
1.How much price money does Thouless get?
A. 8 million Swedish krona.
B. 6 million Swedish krona.
C. 4 million Swedish krona.
D. 2 million Swedish krona.
2.According to the passage, Haldane thought that his work_________
A. was far from ending
B. was based on many previous studies
C. had perfectly been completed
D. had surprised the whole world
3.The amount of prize money _________. .
A. has been ever increasing since the 1980s
B. has been ever decreasing since the 1980s
C. remains 880,000 SEK each year after 2012
D. differs according to the Nobel Foundation’s affordability
4.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. The purpose of the award money.
B. How the award money is dealt with.
C. How the laureates are selected.
D. The number of laureates per prize.
高三英语阅读理解简单题
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相).”
Haldane said he was “very surprised” at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed “more possibilities for looking for new materials.” He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.
The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona(0.93 million US dollars), and will be split properly between the three winners.
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million; €950,000). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.
If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charities.
1.How much price money does Thouless get?
A. 8 million Swedish krona.
B. 6 million Swedish krona.
C. 4 million Swedish krona.
D. 2 million Swedish krona.
2.According to the passage, Haldane thought that his work_________
A. was far from ending
B. was based on many previous studies
C. had perfectly been completed
D. had surprised the whole world
3.The amount of prize money _________. .
A. has been ever increasing since the 1980s
B. has been ever decreasing since the 1980s
C. remains 880,000 SEK each year after 2012
D. differs according to the Nobel Foundation’s affordability
4.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. The purpose of the award money.
B. How the award money is dealt with.
C. How the laureates are selected.
D. The number of laureates per prize.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
The 2014 Nobel Prize in physics went to three scientists who gave lighting a big change by inventing blue LED lights. A big change in lighting efficiency is under way around the world.
Save and green
LEDs use less energy than other forms of lighting. A typical LED bulb(灯泡) can produce around 83 lumens per watt — a measure of how much brightness you can get from a unit of electrical power — much more efficient than other lighting facilities.
LEDs produce light by passing electric current through a semiconductor, while traditional bulbs pass current through a wire. The wasted heat energy is chiefly why traditional bulbs are so much less efficient.
LEDs also last about 30 times longer than traditional bulbs, and many LED bulb products promise up to 25,000 hours of use — more than 17 years if you used one for about four hours a day.
Lighting the world
The lighting application is not only in homes. LEDs are also being used for street lights, public holiday and decorative displays, commercial buildings, and other large energy users.
Car lighting is another application where LEDs are making progress. LEDs used to be used only for daytime running lights, but now many new cars have LED headlights for night-time use.
LEDs also hold promise for bringing light to the more than 1.5 billion people around the world without access to electricity, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences noted. Indeed, several proposed solutions to energy poverty include the distribution of LED lights, particularly solar-powered ones.
Digital displays
Without blue LEDs, the world wouldn’t have back-lit smart phones, TV and computer LCD screens, blu-ray(蓝光) players, many forms of lighting, and countless other products.
In the electronics industry, LEDs provide back lighting for the liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in many smart phones, laptops, and televisions. The LEDs are more energy efficient and allow for very thin displays.
Blu-ray players use blue LED lasers(激光) to read data off a digital optical disc. When these systems switched from using an infrared(红外线) laser to a blue LED laser, it became possible to store five to 10 times as much data.
LEDs are now being explored for their potential to transmit(传送) data from the Internet across open space, similar to WiFi. Such a system could transmit a lot more data than WiFi alone. This high bandwidth is possible because LEDs can turn on and off millions of times per second.
The rise of LED lighting came at a time when people were just starting to be concerned about global warming. Because of LEDs’ energy efficiency, using them for the world’s lighting would have “an extreme impact” on society.
I1.___________ for Blue LED Lights to win the 2014 Nobel Prize in physics
●They2._______ big changes in lighting.
II3.________ of LEDs
●Save and green
1. Compared with other forms of lighting, LEDs are much more efficient because of the different4._________ they pass electric current
2. LED bulbs can be used 30 times longer than traditional bulbs.
●Lighting the world
1. Besides5._ ___________ of LED bulbs they can also be used as street lights and car headlights.
2. Because of their high efficiency, LEDs, especially solar-powered ones, promising to light areas6.____________ electricity.
●Digital displays
1. Many smart phones, laptops and televisions use LEDs to back-light their LCD7._________.
2. By using blue LED lasers, blu-ray players are likely to8.___________.
3. People are now exploring more9._________ uses of LEDs such as transmitting data.
III Conclusion
LED lighting will10._________ on environmental protection.
高三英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Irish, Japanese, Chinese scientists share the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William Campbell, Staoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize__1.__their work against diseases, the award-giving body said on Monday.
Campbell___2.___(bear) in Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for discovering a new drug, ___3.__ has helped the battle against river blindness, as well as showing __4.__(power) effect against other diseases.
The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou also discovered artemisinin(青嵩素), a drug that has ___5.__(sharp) reduced the death rate for patients ____6.__(suffer) from malaria(疟疾). She is also the first Chinese citizen __7.__(win) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The prize winning is __8.__honor for China’s science cause and traditional Chinese medicine.
“These two __9.___(discover) provide humankind with a new way to fight these diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually. The award for Tu Youyou is the result of major change in the way China performs scientific research. China __10.__(spend) a lot of money on such research over the past years,” a member of the Nobel committee said.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Ireland，Japan，China scientists share the 2015 Nobel Prize for medicine．William Campbell，Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize 1. their work against diseases，the award-giving body said on Monday．
Campbell 2.Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for a new drug，3. has helped the battle against river blindness，as well as showing 4.(power)effect against other diseases．
The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou also discovered artemisinin(青蒿素)，a drug that has 5.(sharp)reduced the death rates for patients 6.(suffer)from malaria(疟疾)．She is also the first Chinese citizen7.(win)the Nobel Prize for medicine．The prize winning is 8.honor for China’s science cause and traditional Chinese medicine．
“These two 9.(discover)provide humankind with a new way to fight these diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually．The award for Tu Youyou is the result of a major change in the way China performs scientific research. China 10.(spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years，”a member of the Nobel committee said．
高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Ireland，Japan，China scientists share the 2015 Nobel Prize for medicine．William Campbell，Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize for their work against diseases，the award-giving body said on Monday．
Tu Youyou, a scientist at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, has no postgraduate degree. She has never studied or done research abroad. She is neither a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences nor the Chinese Academy of Engineering. However, the 81-year-old pharmacologist has become the first scientist on the Chinese mainland to win a Lasker Award, the medical prize of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation.
The Lasker Awards have existed since 1945. Tu was presented the 2011 Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award on September 23. She discovered a drug called artemisinin . The drug is now widely used against malaria .
Tu and her colleagues joined a government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s during the "cultural revolution" (1966-76). They made 380 herbal extracts from 200 potential recipes. The recipes came from traditional Chinese medical books. The team then tested them on malaria-infected mice. Finally Tu became interested in an extract of the plant qinghao, or sweet wormwood .
According to an ancient Chinese medicine book, qinghao was once used to treat malaria. However, the extract they made in the lab didn't work well. Maybe, thought Tu, the effective ingredient in qinghao was destroyed by high temperatures. Therefore, Tu tried to make the extract with an ether which has a much lower boiling point than water.
In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu finally got an extract that was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites .The extract was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin.
According to a statement on the Lasker Foundation website, during the past four decades, Tu's drug has saved millions of lives. It is especially important for children in the poorest and least developed parts of the world. However, not many people knew of the scientist until she won the Lasker Award this month.
Lasker Awards are known as "America's Nobels" for the reason that in the last two decades, 28 Lasker Prize winners have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize, and 80 since 1945, according to Xinhua News Agency.
" The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine," Tu said when she received the a-ward. "Continuous exploration and development of traditional medicine will, without doubt, bring more medicines to the world.
1.What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A. It is unnecessary to study abroad as a scientific researcher.
B. Chinese medicine used not to be recognized in Western countries.
C. Tu achieved great things although she didn't have an impressive background.
D. Tu is the first female scientist to win a Lasker Award.
2.In the process of discovering artemisinin, Tu _________.
A. began with a private project
B. succeeded during the first experiments
C. faced many different opinions
D. made extracts in a creative way
3.Why is artemisinin especially important for children from poor countries?
A. It is a very cheap medicine and easy for them to get hold of.
B. They believe in the effect of Chinese medicine.
C. There are no other cures for malaria.
D. It has the fewest side effects for children.
4.According to the article, the Lasker Awards _________.
A. are more influential than Nobel Prizes in the medical field
B. are awarded to those who have made great medical achievements
C. are awarded to more Americans than people from any other country
D. are usually awarded to scientists who are not famous in their field
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容(每空一词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ireland，Japan，China scientists share the 2015 Nobel Prize for medicine．William Campbell，Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize 1. their work against diseases，the award-giving body said on Monday．
Campbell 2. Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for a new drug，3. has helped the battle against river blindness，as well as showing 4. (power)effect against other diseases．
The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou also discovered artemisinin(青蒿素)，a drug that has 5. (sharp)reduced the death rates for patien6. (suffer)from malaria(疟疾)．She is also the first Chinese citizen 7. (win)the Nobel Prize for medicine．The prize winning is 8. honor for China’s science cause and traditional Chinese medicine．
“These two9. (discover)provide humankind with a new way to fight these diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually．The award for Tu Youyou is the result of a major change in the way China performs scientific research. China 10. (spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years，”a member of the Nobel committee said．
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Albert Einstein, ________ life had once been very hard, was given the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921
A. of whom B. for whom C. for whose D. in whom
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
FIVE Americans swept the three Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology (生理学) or Medicine last week. It was the first American sweep of the Nobel science prizes since 1983.
It’s rare for Americans not to receive any of the science prizes, especially in recent years. In 2004, seven Americans were among the 10 laureates (获奖者) for the science prizes. Last year, the figure was five out of 10.
The huge sums of money invested in scientific research is one factor that has helped many Americans to win awards. Another reason is the vast number of researchers working in the US. American universities also often have a more “creative university environment”where people can focus on research for a long period without any pressure, said Anders Liljas, member of the Nobel Committee.
New hope for AIDS patients?
AMERICAN scientists Craig Mello (top) of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Andrew Fire (above) of Stanford University School of Medicine won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine last Monday. Their discovery is a process that researchers hope to use to silence disease-causing genes (基因). It offers new ways for disease treatment.
Scientists now hope to develop a new technique that could be used to treat diseases, such as cancers, AIDS and Parkinson’s disease.
Like father, like son?
AS the son of a Nobel Prize winning professor, Roger D. Kornberg (left) had a lot to live up to. But, nearly half a century after his father, won his award, Kornberg, 59, a Stanford University professor, won his own last Wednesday: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His research into how cells read their genes is very important. It could help lead to the development of new drugs to fight cancer (癌症), heart disease and other illnesses, experts said.
First light of the universe
TWO Americans won the Nobel Prize in Physics last Tuesday for measuring the oldest light in the heavens. It is considered as “one of the greatest discoveries of the century”. It convinced (使确信) scientists that the Big Bang theory (大爆炸理论) of the universe’s origin is correct. George F. Smoot (top), 61, of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, and John C. Mather (above), 60, of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre, will share the US$1.4 million prize for their work. Beginning in 1989, they measured weak light that originated (源于) as early as 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
1.What does the underlined word “swept” in Paragraph 1 mean ?
A. cleaned by brushing B. crossed completely
C. spread quickly D. took each of the winning
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Craig Mello and Andrew Fire have found the way to cure cancers, AIDS and Parkinson’s disease.
B. Roger D. Kornberg’s father once won a Nobel Prize.
C. George F. Smoot will get US$1.4 million prize for his work.
D. Roger D. Kornberg is the youngest of the Nobel Prize owners of this time.
3.The passage is probably taken from________.
A. a science report B. a news report
C. a history lecture D. an advertisement
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
(2013·山东潍坊高三联考)The scientist won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, ________ made him famous all over the world.
A．this B．that
C．what D．which
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against Malaria（疟疾）. This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.
Tu shared the prize with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary anti-roundworm treatment. 84-year-old Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients’ suffering and promoting mankind’s health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2015 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tu’s dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin（青蒿素）, the key drug that battles malaria-friendly parasites（寄生虫）.
However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesn’t have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “three-noes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she’s never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred China’s national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.
The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.
As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu’s record-breaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.
1.It can be concluded from the text that __________.
A. Tu worked home and abroad to conduct her research
B. Tu got the Nobel Prize for her anti-roundworm treatment
C. The Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her work
D. Her discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut Malaria death rate
2.The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with__________.
A. a sense of national pride
B. relevant academic knowledge
C. enthusiasm for scientific research
D. a desire to achieve success
3.In writing the passage, the author intends to ___________.
A. remind readers of the principles of scientific research
B. discourage the pursuit of instant success in science
C. inform readers of the news and make comments
D. praise the award winner and encourage scientific research
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析