Good Genes Mean Long Life
Scientists have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern (组合).
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan (寿命). Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged (义不容辞的) to take it.”
1.According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
A.Eating healthy food every day. | B.Having the right types of genes. |
C.Having a healthy lifestyle. | D.Taking drugs that prevent ageing. |
2.According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ________ of people over 100 years old.
A.10% | B.20% | C.30% | D.50% |
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?
A.The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age. |
B.The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life. |
C.The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases. |
D.The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives. |
4. According to David Gems, ________.
A.drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive |
B.modern science will be able to find more longevity genes |
C.it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing |
D.scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life |
高二英语阅读理解简单题
Good Genes Mean Long Life
Scientists have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern (组合).
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan (寿命). Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged (义不容辞的) to take it.”
1.According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
A.Eating healthy food every day. | B.Having the right types of genes. |
C.Having a healthy lifestyle. | D.Taking drugs that prevent ageing. |
2.According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ________ of people over 100 years old.
A.10% | B.20% | C.30% | D.50% |
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?
A.The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age. |
B.The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life. |
C.The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases. |
D.The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives. |
4. According to David Gems, ________.
A.drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive |
B.modern science will be able to find more longevity genes |
C.it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing |
D.scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life |
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Scientists in Argentina have created the world’s first cow with two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk.
Genetic engineering was used to introduce the "mothers’ milk" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires.
As an adult, the cloned cow "will produce milk that is similar to that of humans", which will prove "a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants(婴儿)", said the institute. "The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first in the world with two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk," said the statement.
In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. But the Argentine team said the Chinese only introduced one human gene, while their research involved two, meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.
“Our goal was to raise the nutrition value of cows’ milk by adding two human genes, which do good to the immune system of infants,” said Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin which worked with the institute.
Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute made all Argentines proud. She also said that she had refused the "honor" of having the cow named after her. "They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more proper to call it Rosita.”
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A. The importance of genetic engineering.
B. Ways to improve mothers’ milk.
C. Advanced agricultural technology in Argentina.
D. A cloned cow to produce human-like milk.
2.Which of the following can best replace “more closely resemble” in Para 4?
A. have more varieties than
B. have more nutrition than
C. be more similar to
D. be more different from
3.What can be inferred from Cristina Kirchner’s statements?
A. She was quite satisfied with the research done by the institute.
B. She considered it an honor to name the special cow.
C. She felt it improper to be named after the cow.
D. She refused to give a name to the cow out of self-respect.
4.What’s Adrian Mutto’s attitude to the genetic engineering?
A. negative B. supportive
C. indifferent D. mixed
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she________ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is __________ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to ________ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain.________, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to ________ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to ________ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.
Memory can be ________ affected by a number of things.________ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent ________ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it ________ to register information in the brain.
When people talk about memory, they often________short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute.________, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which __________information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.
Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough ________. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not ________ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.
1.A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs
2.A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient
3.A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out
4.A. After all B. Instead C. By contrast D. Besides
5.A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease
6.A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen
7.A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly
8.A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various
9.A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage
10.A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient
11.A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down
12.A. Furthermore B. However C. Consequently D. Otherwise
13.A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores
14.A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time
15.A. restore B. record C. replace D. respond
高二英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Anyone can try to lead a group. 1.. Good leaders possess a few qualities that can mean the difference between success and failure of the group. These are the qualities the leaders of higher rank will look for when choosing a leader for a group. They’re also the qualities team members want in a group leader.
2..
Group leaders might share tasks when necessary, but eventually a group leader needs to be able to accept that responsibility lies on his shoulders. That means that if things go wrong in a group project, he’s the one who must accept the consequence and deal with the problem. 3., but also he should be ready to admit any mistakes the group has made as a result of his leadership.
Show concern for members.
A group leader has a commitment to the task or project at hand, but perhaps more importantly, he has real concern for each person who is part of his group. This means getting to know the strengths, weaknesses and goals of team members, as well as building the group through collective activities. 4..
Be a good listener.
5.. Not only will this allow complaints to be addressed and potentially suitable ideas to be put into practice, but also a leader who listens will also encourage group members to share their concern and thoughts,creating an atmosphere of free speech and productivity.
A. He not only has the power to control everything group members do
B. A group leader needs to listen to the suggestions, complaints and ideas of group members
C. Share tasks with group members
D. However, not every individual is fit for leadership
E. Attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure
F. He should make sure everyone is included even if an individual is new to the group
G. Take responsibility
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
American researchers have discovered that human brains and sleep patterns are confused by devices(装置) that give out bright lights. Electronics, such as laptops, mislead our minds into thinking that it is still daytime, preventing sleep and increasing the risk of insomnia.
Sleep experts say human's natural body clock begins to rest and relax from the day between 9 and 10 pm but the use of computers confuses it.
A person's brain biologically becomes awake when the sun is out because bright light after dark causes the brain to stop producing the hormone (荷尔蒙) called melatonin that makes us sleepy.
Researchers say blue light from devices such as iPads, which is expected to become a popular reading tool when it comes out later this month, is particularly disruptive (干扰的)during the night when the brain thinks it should be dark.
Experts say a good book is a far better way of resting the brain and ensuring a good night's sleep because the bedside lamp(灯) light doesn't affect the brain as it does not look straight into a person's eyes.
“Potentially, yes, if you're using an iPad or a laptop close to bedtime... that light can be stimulating (刺激) to the brain to make it more awake and delay your ability to sleep,” Phyllis Zee, a professor at Northwestern University and director of the school's Centre for Sleep & Circadian Biology, told CNN.
“And I think more importantly, it could also be enough to affect your circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm. This is the clock in your brain that determines when you sleep and when you wake up. ”
Alon Avidan, associate director of the Sleep Disorders Center at the University of California Los Angeles, added, “I wish people would just take a boring book — an oldfashioned book — and read by a lamp.”
1.The underlined word “insomnia” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A.being unable to eat properly
B.brain injury
C.being unable to fall sleep
D.lack of energy
2.Melatonin is the hormone that ________.
A.makes us sleepy
B.helps us relaxed
C.prevents us from waking up
D.makes us excited
3.The bedside lamp light doesn't affect the brain because ________.
A.it doesn't give out blue light
B.it's not as bright as your laptop
C.it doesn't enter your eyes directly
D.it is adjustable
4.We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A.one who uses his laptop often before bedtime can have his body clock disturbed
B.using a laptop before bedtime is more harmful than using an iPad
C.we'd better not do anything before going to bed
D.the best time to go to bed is before 9 pm
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Now scientists have discovered the first evidence that the animals actually behave like their masters. Just like children, they adopt a “look and learn” approach which means they can mimic (模仿) human's actions when going about their tasks.
Biologists and psychologists at the universities of Vienna and Oxford designed an experiment to test the theory that dogs do have the ability to copy what they see, using a simple wooden box. In the study, ten owners showed their dogs how to open the wooden box, sometimes using their heads to push a handle and sometimes using their hands.
In the first part of the test, five dogs were rewarded with a piece of sausage for copying their owners' actions. The other five were rewarded with food for not copying, and using other methods. With each dog the experiment was repeated hundreds of times, and the time taken for a dog to get it “right” on 85 percent of attempts (17 goes out of 20) was recorded. The dogs encouraged to mirror their owners reached this point almost three times sooner on average than those rewarded for not copying them. In the second part of the test, all the dogs were only rewarded for copying the method their owners used. The five dogs previously rewarded for copying their owners reached the 85 percent mark more than twice as the other five.
In a paper published in Proceeding of the Royal Society, they concluded, “Like humans, dogs can't help imitating actions they see.” Going further, they said, “The results suggest the imitative (模仿的) behavior of dogs is shaped more by their developmental interactions with humans than by their evolutionary (进化的) history of domestication (驯化).”
Caroline Kisko, from the Kennel club, said, “A dog's behavior is influenced much like that of a child learning right from wrong and adopting similar patterns of behavior. We hope that owners understand the importance of their actions and use this knowledge to set good examples and therefore positively influence the behavior of their pets.”
1.What's the best title of the passage?
A. Dogs Are Intelligent Animals
B. Dogs Are like Children Most
C. Dogs Behave like Their Masters
D. Dogs Can Complete Simple Tasks
2.The underlined part “they” in Paragraph 4 most probably refers to ________.
A. the dogs' masters
B. the magazine's publishers
C. all the people involved in the experiment
D. the biologists and psychologists
3.The researchers believe dogs' imitative behavior comes mainly from ______.
A. domestication B. human rewards
C. evolution D. human-dog interactions
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Masters should influence their dogs as early as possible.
B. A man's bad behavior may influence his dog.
C. Dogs can't be influenced by men easily.
D. Dogs always behave positively.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
On Tuesday, scientists announced that they have discovered the bones of four settlers in Jamestown, Virginia. Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in what become the United States. The bones were unearthed under the floor of a Jamestown church which was discovered in 2010 and is considered as America,s first Protestant church.
The Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation at Historic Jamestowne and the Smithsonian's Museum of Natural History announced that the settlers held high leadership positions. The men, Rev.Robert Hunt,Capt. Gabriel Archer,Sir Ferdinando Wainman,and Capt. William West, all played a role in the Jamestown settlement. After being lost to history for more than 400 years, the discovery of their remains provides new clues about their life and the importance of religion in the 1600s.
“This is a very important discovery,” Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation President James Horn said in a statement. “These men were among the first founders of English America."
About 100 people settled along the James River in what would become the first English settlement m 1607. During that time, settlers in Jamestown were faced with famine and disease The colony was nearly wiped out due to conflict with Native Americans in the area and with other English settlers.
"They lived and died at a hard time in the history of the settlement , when Jamestown almost ended in failure," Horn said. “The bones of these men help fill in the stories of their lives ”
The Smithsonian and the Rediscovery Foundation found the remains in November of 2013. Scientists used 3-D technology to locate the exact gravesites of the men. The team wanted to identify its findings before announcing the discovery. They identified the men using historical records and studied the chemicals of the bones to learn what the men ate and where they came from.
Findings from the burials will go on display within weeks at Historic Jamestowne. The site also plans to honor the men and will keep their bones in a safe place for future study.
1.The bones found in a Jamestown church_____________.
A. were first discovered in 2010
B. have been buried for over four centuries
C. have proved to be a family of four
D. are complete and easy to recognize
2.The underlined phrase ‘wiped out” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______________.
A. supported fully B. developed rapidly
C. destroyed completely D. protected successfully
3.What can we learn from Paragraph 6 ?
A. How scientists keep the bones in good shape.
B. Why the four leaders were buried in Jamestown.
C. Why the four leaders chose to settle in Jamestown.
D. How scientists identified the four leaders.
4.This text is most probably__________________.
A. a history paper B. a research paper
C. a newspaper report D. a warning message
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers Jose Cordova and Erich Astudillo have discovered a new molecule(分子) that kills the bacteria Streptococcus Mutans, long known to be responsible for breaking down sugars in food in the mouth, which damages tooth leading to decay(腐烂). The new molecule they call “Keep 32” has been found to kill the bacteria.
The two have applied for a patent(专利) on their discovery and have also begun a marketing strategy aimed at both oral care products and food products. They say either product, if left in the mouth for just 60 seconds ,will kill all the harmful bacteria in the mouth and keep them at bay for several hours. If the new molecule passes health and safety tests, the two believe products using their new molecule should be on the market in as little as a year and a half. They expect the market for such a product to reach $300 million in just the first year.
The two have been working together since 2005 using money from the Founder Institute and say the aim is to approve the process for creating the molecule they’ve discovered for big companies like Procter & Gamble, Colgate even candy companies such as Hershey’s. In interviews, Astudillo has suggested that the two researchers are already heavily into discussion with several companies, some of which are interested in buying the patent once it is approved.
Over the years many products have come on the scene with announcement of reducing tooth decay and even the loss of teeth, but other than the introduction of fluoride(氟化物) into drinking water, not much progress has been made. If the announcement made by this new team proves true however, it could foresee a mark in saving the world of tooth decay as well as helping to improve the health for millions of people as tooth decay has been linked to many other health problems throughout the body including heart attacks.
1.The underlined word “them” in Para. 2 refers to _________.
A. oral care products B. food products
C. new molecules D. the harmful bacteria
2.The phrase “come on the scene” in Para. 4 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. performed B. occurred
C. existed D. arrived
3.What has been a way to reduce tooth decay and even the loss of teeth over the years?
A. Using the molecule “Keep 32”.
B. Killing the bacteria Mutans.
C. Introducing fluoride into drinking water.
D. Cooperating with some big companies.
4.This passage mainly tells us that ___________.
A. many health problems are closely connected to tooth decay
B. the discovery of a new molecule will greatly benefit health care
C. two researchers are discussing their patent with companies
D. researchers discover a molecule that can kill tooth decay-causing bacteria
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The fact that ants are fascinating insects has been known for some time. Now, scientists have discovered a large number of wood ants living in an abandoned underground storehouse in Templewo, Poland, despite having no obvious source of food.
Polish zoologist Wojciech Czechowski and his team began studying the underground colony in 2013. They found the ants built a 60-cm high nest in the soil directly over the storehouse vertical air pipe. As years passed, the metal covering on the pipe eroded, leaving behind a hole that thousands of worker ants accidentally slip into each day as they go about their daily chores. The scientists say that there are no sources of food in the storehouse. This means that the insects live in a state of near starvation.
In July 2015, the researchers disturbed part of the ant nest in search of larvae (幼虫), cocoons(茧), and queens. They found nothing, leading them to suspect that the lack of food and cold temperatures made reproduction impossible and that the group tending the nest is entirely made up of non-reproductive female workers. Their population is refilled every year, by a new rain of unfortunate ants that slide down the hole. The researchers say that when they returned in January 2016, the nest had been repaired. It appears that despite the terrible conditions, the worker ants do not stop constructing their nest.
Wood ants are known for their ability to adapt to bad living conditions. In this case, the millions of worker ants trapped in the storehouse have no choice. But instead of losing hope, they are making the best of the situation—a classic example of “when life gives you lesions make lemonade.”
1.How did the wood ants arrive in the storehouse?
A. They fell down there by accident.
B. The research team brought them there.
C. The storehouse builders left them there.
D. They were attracted by the environment.
2.What does the underlined word “eroded” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Expanded. B. Rotted.
C. Exploded. D. Melted.
3.What did the researchers find in the nest?
A. Larvae. B. Cocoons.
C. A queen. D. Worker ants.
4.Why did the population of wood ants remain steady?
A. They had enough food.
B. They were able to reproduce.
C. They adapted to the conditions.
D. They had new comers to join them.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
(2018·天津)I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.
A.to eat;to try B.eating;trying
C.eating;to try D.to eat; trying
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析