Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn’t stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses (晶状体), he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long-lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus (磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine (氯), though he didn’t get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters (火山口) on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes (骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.
1.What does the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Brief. B. Slight.
C. Lasting. D. Ordinary.
2.What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments?
A. Tasting chemicals. B. Staying in the empty lab.
C. Experimenting in darkness. D. Working together with others.
3.What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death?
A. He was buried in the Tanami desert.
B. Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.
C. One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D. A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.
4.The text is mainly about three great scientists’ _____.
A. special honors B. great achievements
C. famous experiments D. suffering in the job
高二英语阅读理解简单题
Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn’t stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses (晶状体), he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long-lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus (磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine (氯), though he didn’t get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters (火山口) on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes (骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.
1.What does the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Brief. B. Slight.
C. Lasting. D. Ordinary.
2.What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments?
A. Tasting chemicals. B. Staying in the empty lab.
C. Experimenting in darkness. D. Working together with others.
3.What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death?
A. He was buried in the Tanami desert.
B. Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.
C. One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D. A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.
4.The text is mainly about three great scientists’ _____.
A. special honors B. great achievements
C. famous experiments D. suffering in the job
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Throughout seafaring history, ships and sailors have been lost to storms, accidents and war. Until recently, most of these ships were weak wooden sailing vessel (船只), their skeletons(骨架) quickly eaten away by sea creatures. Now, large vessels made of steel float on the seas. Thousands of these huge ships have been lost in times of war and in times of peace.
The bones of great metal ships, unlike the wooden vessels of old, survive the destruction of the sea long enough to become home and harbor for underwater life of all kinds. Shipwrecks(残骸) often provide the only hard surface and structure at the sandy bottom of the sea, something many sea creatures need.
The ship has been underwater for only five days. Its surface is still clean. Six weeks later, the wreck is covered with a slimy layer of algae(海藻), but it is still recognizable as a ship. Soon, animals that need to attach themselves to a hard surface, like the feather duster worms, make the wreck their home.
In warm waters, coral polyps(珊瑚虫) settle on the wreck and begin the process of building a rock-like crust on the ship. Small fish are attracted on all of these creatures. Larger fish come to feed on these small fish that hide in the wreckage. Eventually, the largest animals are attracted to the rich life on the shipwreck.
Shipwrecks give us valuable information about how sea plants and animals develop. We know exactly how long this wreck has been under water and how long sea life has been growing on it. Yet even the strongest steel shipwreck will finally be destroyed by the flows of water. But long after this wreck has been broken apart, it will still act as a reef (礁石). Layer upon layer of sea life has formed a structure that is now more natural than artificial, and will remain an island of life under the sea.
1.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about shipwrecks?
A．Most ships in ancient times sank easily and become shipwrecks.
B．Shipwrecks, for scientists, are worth researching to get valuable information.
C．The skeletons of old wooden shipwrecks will exist for quite a long time.
D．Some sea animals tend to seek food on the shipwrecks.
2.The writer’s purpose in writing the article is to tell us_____.
A．the differences between the ancient vessels and the modern ones
B．how the ships become shipwrecks at sea
C．how coral polyps live on the wreck in warm waters
D．the value of studying shipwrecks at the bottom of the sea
3.Which of the following is closer to the underlined “crust”?
A．a hard outer covering B．the skin of a rock
C．a hole in a ship D．a small house
4.What will happen to shipwrecks in the end?
A．They will be pulled out of the sea for research.
B．They are likely to disappear and form reefs.
C．They will become an island under the sea.
D．They will be like works of art.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Throughout modern history, there has perhaps never been a scientist as iconic (标志性的) as Stephen Hawking.
On March 14, the British physicist passed away at his home in Cambridge, England. Since then, many people have expressed their condolences on social media. Whether be was educating the world with his knowledge of the universe, or making fun of himself in TV shows like The Simpsons, it's hard to imagine what the world will be like now Hawking is no longer in it.
Hawking was an icon for many reasons, but he will be best remembered for his work in the field of science. Building on German scientist Albert Einstein's work. Hawking explained his belief that space started with the Big Bang, and will end with black holes. This proposal kicked off a series of investigations, including into the origin of the universe itself. "This complex set of law can give us the answers to questions like how did the universe begin," Hawking wrote in his 2010 work The Grand Design. "Where is it going and will it have an end? If so, how will it end?"
His work in science abide, he also managed to overcome many difficulties in his personal life. While studying for a postgraduate degree in cosmology at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease at the age of 21. His illness left him paralyzed and he was told he only had a short time to live. However, he went on to become one of the greatest minds the world has ever known. "I felt it was very unfair — why should this happen to me," he wrote in his 2013 memoir. "At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realize the potential I felt I had. But now, 50 years later, I can he quietly satisfied with my life."
Hawking leaves behind a great legacy. His signature book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes published in 1988, became one of the world's best-selling science publications. He inky no longer be with us, but Hawking will continue to inspire the world for generations to come. As he once said himself, "Look up at the stars and not down at your feet."
1.What can we know about Stephen Hawking from the passage? ______
A.He left us humans a priceless legacy, A Brief History of Time.
B.He was born with a disease which left him paralyzed.
C.He was well-known as an icon only for his achievement in science.
D.He always complained life was unfair to him after he became paralyzed.
2.The underlined words "kicked off" in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced by ______ .
A.answer for B.set off
C.put forward D.lead to
3.What is conveyed in the sentence "Look up at the stars and not down at your feet."? ______
A.Just do what you love and believe in, and success will come naturally.
B.However tough life may seem,be curious and there is always hope ahead.
C.Be determined and confident rather than keep feeling frustrated all day
D.You cannot improve your past,but you can improve your future.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Teens who become addicted to their cell phones may be placing their health at risk by harming their ability to sleep well，a new Swedish study suggests.
"The message is that teenagers who use their cell phones excessively are much more stressed, much more restless, much more tired, and have a great tendency to develop sleep deprivation(剥夺) as a result of their calling habits, " said the study author Dr. Gaby Bader.
He focused on the experiences of 21 healthy Swedish boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 20. The teens kept what the authors described as "regular working/studying hours" and were not previously diagnosed with any particular sleep irregularity．
He observed that the above-15 call group kept more irregular sleeping hours than the lower-use group，had more difficulty falling asleep，more difficulty waking up，and experienced more sleep disruptions（扰乱）．
Bader said that among young people，a relatively recent technological invention like the cell phone has quickly become existed nearly everywhere，giving rise to considerable pressure to keep in touch. And this pressure can develop into an addiction，with serious negative results for teenager health.
"We see more and more people--especially the young generation-- who grew up with these kinds of items and gadgets in their hands," Bader said. "And they become dependent on the technology. So，we have to teach young people to be structured. To know when to have the cell phone on，and when to switch it off. To avoid becoming the slave of technology，instead of the master. "
Dr. Mary Carskadon expressed little surprise with the finding. " Interpersonal（人际的）contact is one of the things that's best at keeping us awake，" she observed. "And so，a young person receiving cell phone texts or phone calls is going to have more deep disturbances. And they are going to be tired and restless，and probably，as a result，going to use more stimulants（兴奋剂）．And judgment is not always the best in our teenage years. So, that's where I think parental attention to this issue may be useful. "
72. Teens who become addicted to their cell phones will become ．
A. too anxious to relax. B. unable to stay still.
C. unable to have real rest. D. excited to forget sleep.
73. What we can learn from the sixth paragraph is that ．
A. more teens know how to make technology serve them
B. teens used to be taught how to use technology
C. we should make use of technology rather than be in the control of it
D. the young generation depends less on the technology to grow up
74. According to Dr. Mary Carskadon，how to deal with the problem?
A. Teenagers should judge how to use their phones.
B. Teenagers should reduce their interpersonal contact.
C. Teenagers should switch their phones off.
D. Parents should give more attention to children's use of phones.
75．What's the passage mainly about?
A. Too much phone time has a bad effect on teens' sleep.
B. Too many cell phone calls have cost teens too much.
C. Few cell phone calls will damage teens' friendships.
D. Too little cell phone time improves teens' attention at class.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Australia and New Zealand’s health organizations have given their advice on when to use sunscreen (防晒霜), suggesting Australians apply it every day to avoid bad health effects.
A Sunscreen Summit took place in the Australian State of Queensland. During the summit, representatives from some of Australia’s leading research, medical and public health organizations examined the evidence on sunscreen use and determined that in most parts of the country it is beneficial to apply sunscreen every day.
“Up until now, public health organizations have recommended applying sunscreen ahead of planned outdoor activities but haven t recommended applying it every day as part of a morning routine (惯例),” professor Rachel Neale from QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute said. “In recent years, it has become clear that the DNA damage causes skin cancer and melanoma(黑色素瘤), which is caused by repeated small exposure to sunlight over a period of time,” Neale said. “In Australia, we get a lot of sun exposure from everyday activities such as alking to the bus stop or train station,” Neale said.
A study showed that one in two Australians believed it was unhealthy and potentially dangerous to use sunscreen every day. However, Terry Slevin from the Public Health Association of Australia says it is wrong. “There is consistent and compelling evidence that sunscreens are safe,” Slevin said. “Importantly, medical trials have found that people who use sunscreen daily have the same levels of vitamin d as those who don’t,” Slevin added.
Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world which is made worse by the country’s close to Antarctica where there is a hole in the ozone layer (臭氧层), letting in higher numbers of UV rays.
1.What made Australian health organizations advise Australians to use sunscreen?
A.The makers of sunscreen.
B.Australian government.
C.The Sunscreen Summit.
D.New Zealand’s researchers.
2.What is not recommended before the Sunscreen Summit?
A.Using sunscreen before outdoor activities.
B.Using sunscreen as a morning routine.
C.Reducing the use of sunscreen.
D.Reducing outdoor activities.
3.What is the misunderstanding of many Australians?
A.People using sunscreen won’t have skin cancer.
B.Sunscreen will never take effect.
C.People using sunscreen have the same levels of vitamin
D.D. Sunscreen is bad for people’s health.
4.Which of the following best explains “compelling” underlined in paragraph 4?
A.Interesting. B.Disappointing.
C.Boring. D.Convincing.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
As I understand, if scientists produced a human clone, there would be a great risk of it having a disease. Nobody seems to understand the ageing process of a clone. It would be terrible if a baby was the age of its parent at 31. Its cells would grow old fast and it would die young.32 until the technique is perfectly safe, it should be 33.
I'd love to have a clone of 34. I often wish I had a twin sister, someone who 35 me in everything. So why not a clone? Well, the idea 36 be fun but I'm not sure if it would be 37. I think we would be playing with fire if we let scientists go ahead with 38 cloning. There are so many 39
involved that all research in this area should be strictly controlled.
There are so many arguments 40 cloning that it is difficult to get anyone to consider the possible benefits. I am 41 that it is a technique which could be beneficial. The most obvious use would be for childless 42. They would be able to have babies with their own genetic material. I don't see what's wrong with that.
Imagine a child 43 up knowing that his or her mother is really a sister or a brother. The emotional 44 on the child would be 45. Or a child who was cloned from a dead brother or sister. What kind of emotional pressure would they feel, knowing they were made as a replacement for another? The whole idea
46 me!
It's all very good to ban human cloning but scientists should be allowed to 47
research. If they don't, we may 48 important benefits for our society, such as producing body organs. A clone is an 49 copy of a person with the same gene. Therefore, it is the 50 donor for an organ(器官) transplant.
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高二英语完型填空困难题查看答案及解析
Teenagers get less and less sleep, them at a higher risk of physical and mental health problems.
A. putting B. put
C. to put D. being put
高二英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
In recent decades, social isolation has been recognized as a major risk to our health and long life. It’s twice as bad for you as being overweight and nearly as bad as smoking. The rising number of people who say they are affected, across a wide range of ages, is shocking. In reality, you can suffer the ill effects of loneliness even if you are not socially isolated.
Comedian Robin Williams made a striking observation in 2014: “I used to think the worst thing in life was to end up all alone. It’s not. The worst thing in life is to end up with people who make you feel all alone.” Tracking large groups over time indicates that perceived（感知的）social isolation carries its own risk for morbidity（发病率）and mortality.
The perception of isolation—from others of being in the social aspect—is not only a cause of unhappiness, it also signals danger. Fish have evolved to swim to the middle of their group when predators（捕食者）approach, mice housed in social isolation show sleep disruptions and reduced slow-wave sleep and prairie voles（田鼠）isolated from their partners then placed in an open field explore their surroundings less and concentrate on avoiding predators.
These behaviours reflect an increased emphasis on self-preservation in the social aspect. For instance, fish on the edge of a school are more likely to be attacked by predators because they are easier to isolate and prey upon. Such observations reflect a more general principle that perceived social isolation in social animals activates neural（神经系统的）, neuroendocrine （神经内分泌的）and behavioural responses that promote short-term self-preservation. However, these responses bring a cost for long-term health and well-being.
The range of harmful neural and behavioural effects of perceived isolation documented in adults include increased anxiety, hostility and social withdrawal; fragmented sleep and daytime tiredness; increased vascular resistance and changed gene expression and immunity; decreased impulse control; increased negativity and depressive symptoms; and increased age-related cognitive decline.
Sadly, to date, attempts to reduce loneliness have met with limited success. A series of randomized controlled trials showed that they had only a small effect. Among the four types of interventions（介人）examined, talking therapy that focused on inappropriate thought processes had the largest impact. Social skills training, social support and increased opportunities for social contact were much less effective.
1.What can we learn about social isolation from the first paragraph?
A. It exists mainly among adults.
B. More and more people are suffering it.
C. Its effect is more serious than smoking.
D. It’s the worst risk to our health and long life.
2.During perceived social isolation, animals will suffer bad health for ________.
A. focusing more on their own safety
B. being separated from their partners
C. adapting to the new surroundings
D. worrying about their lack of food
3.The fifth paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. causes of perceived isolation.
B. treatments for perceived isolation
C. bad effects of perceived isolation
D. the definition of perceived isolation
4.What is the most effective in helping suffers of perceived social isolation?
A. Giving them strong social support.
B. Communicate more and better with them.
C. Get them to attend some training courses.
D. Enlarge their circles of social network.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In recent decades, social isolation has been recognized as a major risk to our health and long life. It’s twice as bad for you as being overweight and nearly as bad as smoking. The rising number of people who say they are affected, across a wide range of ages, is shocking. In reality, you can suffer the ill effects of loneliness even if you are not socially isolated.
Comedian Robin Williams made a striking observation in 2014: “I used to think the worst thing in life was to end up all alone. It’s not. The worst thing in life is to end up with people who make you feel all alone.” Tracking large groups over time indicates that perceived（感知的）social isolation carries its own risk for morbidity（发病率）and mortality.
The perception of isolation—from others of being in the social aspect-is not only a cause of unhappiness, it also signals danger. Fish have evolved to swim to the middle of their group when predators（捕食者）approach, mice housed in social isolation show sleep disruptions and reduced slow-wave sleep and prairie voles（田鼠）isolated from their partners then placed in an open field explore their surroundings less and concentrate on avoiding predators.
These behaviours reflect an increased emphasis on self-preservation in the social aspect. For instance, fish on the edge of a school are more likely to be attacked by predators because they are easier to isolate and prey upon. Such observations reflect a more general principle that perceived social isolation in social animals activates neural（神经系统的）, neuroendocrine（神经内分泌的）and behavioural responses that promote short-term self-preservation. However, these responses bring a cost for long-term health and well-being.
The range of harmful neural and behavioural effects of perceived isolation documented in adults include increased anxiety, hostility and social withdrawal; fragmented sleep and daytime tiredness; increased vascular resistance and changed gene expression and immunity; decreased impulse control; increased negativity and depressive symptoms; and increased age-related cognitive decline.
Sadly, to date, attempts to reduce loneliness have met with limited success. A series of randomized controlled trials showed that they had only a small effect. Among the four types of interventions（介入）examined, talking therapy that focused on inappropriate thought processes had the largest impact. Social skills training, social support and increased opportunities for social contact were much less effective.
1.What can we learn about social isolation from the first paragraph?
A. It exists mainly among adults.
B. It’s the worst risk to our health and long life.
C. Its effect is more serious than smoking.
D. More and more people are suffering it.
2.During perceived social isolation, animals will suffer bad health for ________.
A. focusing more on their own safety B. being separated from their partners
C. adapting to the new surroundings D. worrying about their lack of food
3.The fifth paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. causes of perceived isolation. B. treatments for perceived isolation
C. bad effects of perceived isolation D. the definition of perceived isolation
4.What is the most effective in helping suffers of perceived social isolation?
A. Giving them strong social support.
B. Communicate more and better with them.
C. Get them to attend some training courses.
D. Enlarge their circles of social network.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Smoking __________ the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.
A. multiplies B. negotiates
C. opposes D. polishes
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析