Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can’t be easily accessed.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer’s. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects’ brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.
“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It’s a matter of how to get it back,” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.
The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.
The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.
“Short-term memory seems to be normal, on the order of hours. But for long-term memory, these early-Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged,” said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they’re unable to learn or store this memory.”
1.What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?
A. They are the pioneers of brain research.
B. They have used the method in human trials.
C. They can cure Alzheimer’s using the new method.
D. They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer’s.
2.Why did the Alzheimer’s mice behave normally a third time?
A. They failed to remember the electric shock.
B. They were accustomed to the situation.
C. They managed to overcome the fear.
D. They activated the association.
3.For long-term memory, the early Alzheimer’s mice _______.
A. can activate their blood cells
B. can’t learn new tricks well
C. can easily get back their memory
D. can’t access the information stored
4.The main purpose of the text is to _______.
A. introduce a method of a research
B. report the latest discovery about a disease
C. give advice on how to improve memory
D. explain how our brain stores information
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can’t be easily accessed.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer’s. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting (发光) equipment into the subjects’ brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.
“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It’s a matter of how to get it back,” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.
The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later, the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.
The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.
“Short-term memory seems to be normal, on the order of hours. But for long-term memory, these early-Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged,” said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they’re unable to learn or store this memory.”
1.What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?
A. They are the pioneers of brain research.
B. They have used the method in human trials.
C. They can cure Alzheimer’s using the new method.
D. They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer’s.
2.Why did the Alzheimer’s mice behave normally a third time?
A. They failed to remember the electric shock.
B. They were accustomed to the situation.
C. They managed to overcome the fear.
D. They activated the association.
3.For long-term memory, the early Alzheimer’s mice _______.
A. can activate their blood cells
B. can’t learn new tricks well
C. can easily get back their memory
D. can’t access the information stored
4.The main purpose of the text is to _______.
A. introduce a method of a research
B. report the latest discovery about a disease
C. give advice on how to improve memory
D. explain how our brain stores information
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Due to the ______ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
A. approach B. appreciation
C. application D. appointment
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Due to the ______ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
A. appreciation B. application
C. appointment D. approach
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Authorities in China have approved a drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (早老性痴呆), the first new medicine with the potential to treat the cognitive (认知的) disorder in 17 years.
The seaweed-based drug, called Oligomannate, can be used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s, according to a statement from China’s drug safety agency. The approval is conditional however, meaning that while it can go on sale during additional clinical trials, it will be strictly monitored and could be withdrawn if any safety issues should arise.
In September, the team behind the new drug, led by Geng Meiyu at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said they were inspired to look into seaweed due to the relatively low incidence of Alzheimer’s among people who consume it regularly.
In a paper in the journal Cell Research, Geng’s team described how a sugar contained within seaweed prevents certain bacteria contained in the gut (肠子) which can cause neural decline and infection of the brain, leading to Alzheimer’s.
This mechanism was confirmed during a clinical trial carried out by Green Valley, a Shanghai based pharmaceutical company that will be bringing the new drug to market.
Conducted on 818 patients, the trial found that Oligomannate-which is got from brown algae (海藻)-can statistically improve cognitive function among people with Alzheimer’s in as little as four weeks, according to a statement from Green Valley.
The company said Oligomannate will be available in China “very soon”, and it is currently seeking approval to market it abroad, with plans to launch third-phase clinical trials in the US and Europe in early 2020.
1.What can Oligomannate be used for?
A.Curing the severe Alzheimer’s.
B.Treating the minor Alzheimer’s.
C.Killing all bacteria in the body.
D.Treating all cognitive disorders.
2.What inspired the team to look into the seaweed?
A.The praise from a patient with Alzheimer’s.
B.An incident of brain infection in the laboratory.
C.The approval for the seaweed research from the authorities.
D.The low occurrence of the disease among people eating the seaweed.
3.What causes the Alzheimer’s?
A.The brown algae.
B.The wound of the head.
C.Some bacteria contained in the gut.
D.A sugar contained within seaweed.
4.What is the company Green Valley’s attitude to the future of Oligomannate?
A.Optimistic. B.Uncertain.
C.Indifferent. D.Anxious.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Even if the treatment _____, there’s still no magic pill for patients in the late stage of AIDS.
A. does B. performs C. works D. runs
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Even if the treatment ________,there’s still no magic pill for patients in the late stage of AIDS.
A.does B.uses
C.works D.helps
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
In an early stage,in Americans’eyes,Ebola was only a disease characterized by fever in Africa. then a man from west Africa died from Ebola at a hospital in Dallas,Texas.And two nurses for him became infected with the virus,which made the US government issue new guidelines(指南)to health workers.
Top American have repeatedly said that most people have little chance of being infected.Experts have that Ebola can only be spread through with an infected person’s body fluid-like blood.But it many Americans are what they have heard.
A recent survey found more than 80 percent of Americans believe that Ebola can be spread in many ,including air forced through the nose or mouth.The Harvard School of Public Health the findings.The study also showed that most adults fear there will be a(n) of Ebola in the United States soon.
survey found that more than 70 percent of Americans would support calls to travel to and from Ebola-affected parts of Africa.
Thomas Frieden heads the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.When asked whether officials had considered a travel ban,Mr.Frieden had to say:“We won’t be able to check travelers for when they leave or when they arrive. We won’t be able , as we do ,to take a detailed history to see if they were when they arrive. When they arrive, we wouldn’t be able to impose quarantine(强加隔离)as we now can if they have contact.”
Last week , President Barack Obama urged Americans not to what he called “ panic or fear “.
This week,the administration announced that all travelers arriving in the United States from some African nations are required to pass through one of five airports.
1.A.Just B.So C.But D.even
2.A.arranging B.standing C.searching D.caring
3.A.protect B.attend C.inspect D.accompany
4.A.physicists B.doctors C.officials D.officers
5.A.stated B.suggested C.considered D.regretted
6.A.stay B.contact C.communication D.struggle
7.A.proves B.happens C.says D.appears
8.A.studying B.discussing C.questioning D.determining
9.A.ways B.areas C.organs D.bodies
10.A.released B.received C.admitted D.rejected
11.A.set B.income C.decrease D.outbreak
12.A.The other B.Another C.One D.The same
13.A.forbid B.expect C.require D.allow
14.A.foreign B.royal C.African D.federal
15.A.that B.this C.nothing D.those
16.A.change B.money C.fever D.crime
17.A.immediately B.occasionally C.presently D.regularly
18.A.examined B.searched C.explored D.exposed
19.A.distant B.high-risk C.common D.slight
20.A.look forward to B.pay attention to C.give in to D.add up to
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists around the world are striving for effective detection of cancer in the early stages,which is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body,and a Chinese scientist may have found a quick way of knowing whether malignant tumors(恶性肿瘤)exist in a patient's body,with just one drop of blood.
Malignant tumors in early phases can be cured.However,it's extremely difficult to be aware of cancer in its early stages,as patients don't show obvious symptoms and thus it can only be found in its later stages,which is already too late,so to detect cancer early remains a global challenge for scientists.
Back in 1989,scientists have found a kind of heat shock proteins (HSP),named Hsp90α,which existed in human bodies and can be used as a cancer biomarker detection kit.Scientists around the globe have been working on it since then,and more than 10,000 journals have been published on accredited magazines,yet no one has actually turned their research results into medical products.
However,Luo Yongzhang and his team in Tsinghua University's School of Life Sciences in Beijing seemed to have cracked the code,after working on the problem since 2009.The team has produced an artificial Hsp90α protein for clinical use that gains structural stability by regrouping proteins.The test kit can diagnose multiple kinds of cancer by analyzing a drop of human blood.This means they are able to "create" the protein,in any quantity,and at any time they wish to.
The kit has since been used in clinical trials involving 2,347 patients at eight hospitals in China.It was the first clinical trial in the world to test if the protein could be a useful tumor biomarker for lung cancer,and it succeeded. Now,the kit has been approved to enter the Chinese and European markets,24 years after Hsp90α was discovered.
1.Why is cancer hard to cure?
A. Malignant tumors are found too late.
B. Malignant tumors spread too quickly.
C. Its symptoms are shown in early stages.
D. No proper treatment can be applied to it.
2.What do we learn about Hsp90α from Paragraph 3?
A. It was created by scientists in 1989.
B. All magazines have covered the topic.
C. There has been a medical product about it.
D. It can serve as a cancer detection approach.
3.How does the Chinese kit diagnose cancer?
A. By regrouping proteins.
B. By cracking cancer’s code.
C. By breaking down one drop of blood.
D. By producing an artificial Hsp90α protein.
4.It can be inferred that a European with lung cancer in early phases .
A. can’t be cured in the end
B. can be diagnosed with it in time
C. has to be examined in China
D. expects the kit to come into the market
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Alzheimer’s disease is a major national health problem. Nearly 2 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer’s disease. It is a leading cause of death among the elderly. But Alzheimer’s disease is not confined (限于) to the aged. There may be a million or more people under the age of 65 suffering from the disease.
At one time, people suffering from the disease were said to be “getting old”. The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old, but it is now known that Alzheimer’s disease strikes young and old alike. It is an organic (器官的) disease that destroys brain cells.
Alzheimer’s disease affects the patient’s memory, speech, and movement. In the beginning stages of the disease, the patient may seem slightly confused. He may have trouble speaking, then the patient’s memory begins to fail. He may forget dates, numbers, names and plans.
As the disease progresses, the patient may not recognize family and friends. These symptoms(症状) often cause terrible anxiety in the patient. He may feel lost and frightened. Sometimes the patient reacts with wild and bad behavior.
In the last stages of the disease, the patient may not be able to take care of himself. He may have lost the ability to speak and walk.
Scientists don’t know exactly what causes Alzheimer’s disease. It may be caused by a virus (病毒).It may be caused by a poisonous substance(物质) in the environment. At present, there is no cure for the disease. But there are ways to slow its progress. Exercise and physical treatment can help the patients of this disease.
1.The main idea of the passage is that Alzheimer’s disease ________.
A.is a terrible part of the aging process |
B.is an organic disease that affects young and old |
C.can be cured by physical treatment |
D.causes forgetfulness |
2.All of the following are symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease EXCEPT________.
A.forgetfulness | B.difficulty in speaking |
C.loss of sight | D.loss of the ability to walk |
3.According to the passage, which of the following may be a cause of Alzheimer’s disease?
A.Poisons produced by the brain. | B.Getting old. |
C.A virus. | D.Lack of exercise. |
4. The press of Alzheimer’s disease can be slowed by________.
A.operation | B.a change in environment |
C.medicines | D.physical treatment and exercise |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
When my grandmother, who had Alzheimer’s disease, went to live in the nurses station 5 years ago, I tried many things to keep her occupied. But it was only her word search book that kept her ______. Gradually, she began to think of it as her job and it kept her from ______.
Last night, when I came to her and said hello, she just looked at me ______. I introduced myself and told her I was her granddaughter. She seemed ______ about who I was. Obviously, she tried to find this word in her ______. So I helped her find it with fingers and ______ it for her with a pencil.
Later, I suggested we go outside, and she agreed. Then she was just staring at me as if trying to figure me out. I told her ______ I was her granddaughter. “Oh, okay” she said ______ but still didn’t really know. She just wanted to be kind.
And after we went ______ and I got her ready for and into bed, she told me to come ______ and we kissed and hugged real tight ______ we did for the first time. It wasn’t the first time though and sooner or later there would be a ______ time.
For now, I feel the blessing of the ______ although I have a sinking feeling that our days are numbered. It doesn’t ______ if the word “granddaughter” holds no ______ anymore — we are bound by love not labels.
1.A.time B.interest C.talent D.knowledge
2.A.trembling B.moving C.whispering D.wandering
3.A.curiously B.angrily C.naturally D.proudly
4.A.shocked B.amazed C.puzzled D.worried
5.A.dictionary B.mind C.room D.book
6.A.decorated B.marked C.associated D.tracked
7.A.patiently B.bravely C.regularly D.casually
8.A.joking B.laughing C.smiling D.crying
9.A.along B.ahead C.outside D.inside
10.A.slower B.closer C.straighter D.later
11.A.as if B.so that C.even if D.in case
12.A.perfect B.free C.final D.normal
13.A.event B.break C.gift D.moment
14.A.help B.matter C.work D.exist
15.A.meaning B.change C.design D.advantage
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析