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Just like children, baby animals spend countless hours at play. After studying animal play for many years, scientists recognize that young animal play is practice for adult behavior. Today this play is roughly divided into the following groups.
Locomotor play refers to the movements animals carry out in their play. Running, leaping, turning, and kicking are some of the most common examples of locomotor play. An adult deer may run, leap, and twist(曲折前进) to escape its attackers. Play movements like these surely make young animals nimble. Someday these skills might help save their lives.
Moving forward slowly, attacking suddenly .and biting are examples of predatory play that help young predators(食肉动物) prepare for a life of running after and taking hold of other animals. Wild cats, wolves, and bears are predators. It is very common to see these young animals play this kind of games which sharpen their skills and teach them about their strengths and limitations.
For children, playing with toys is both fun and educational. It helps improve their hand and eye movements as well as develop hand skills to accomplish tasks. It is the same with animals. Young chimpanzees improve their hand skills while playing with sticks. Birds also play with things in ways that teach. Swallows drop and recover feathers in mid air. Diving suddenly to catch the feathers is good practice for catching flying insects.
Social play helps animals learn how to behave when they run into other animals. And it teaches animals about communication. An animal gives signals to let another animal know it wants to play. Many animals give signals by showing a " play face" . In some ways this face is like a human smile; the animal holds its mouth in a relaxed and open manner. During play-fights, some animals may step backwards to signal that they are playing and not acting seriously.
Until now, scientists have understood playful acts help prepare animals for their serious adult situations. But the numbers of playful species and examples of animal play are vast. The purpose of animal play may have meanings scientists have not discovered yet.
1.The main purpose of the text is to ______.
A. ask us to take good care of wild animals
B. encourage us to learn more about animals
C. entertain us with interesting animal stories
D. show us something about animal behavior
2.The underlined word "nimble" in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by______.
A. cruel B. swift
C. curious D. strong
3.Which of the following belongs to predatory play?
A. A deer runs, leaps, and turns.
B. A chimpanzee plays' with a stick.
C. A lion moves slowly and makes an attack suddenly.
D. A dog holds its mouth in a relaxed and open manner.
4.Based on Paragraph 5, a " play face " is______.
A. a type of signal between animals
B. a name for a kind of animal play
C. an activity that involves adult animals
D an action that is taught to another animal
5. Which of the following shows the structure of the text?
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Busy as they are, parents should ______ at least two hours to spend with their children。
| A．set out | B．set away | C．set aside | D．set off |
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Nowadays, parents worry a lot because their children spend hours and hours in front of the TV screen. Because this doesn’t happen to only one specific family, many experts warn us that there can be some serious effects of children watching violence on television.
Children who become addicted(上瘾的) to TV sit down and turn on the TV as soon as they get home. Although they have lots of homework, they become absorbed in TV programs.
Since they spend tons of time watching TV, they have less time to enjoy real life activities such as playing with friends, playing outdoor sports, or enjoying other kinds of entertainment.
There are too many violent scenes on TV. Some experts say there are 25 acts of violence per hour on TV. In addition, there are many experiments by psychologists which show how TV violence influences children. Finally, people worry that children tend to imitate what they watch on TV and may start to behave more violently.
What should be done? First of all, the government should regulate TV violence. It should also encourage people to invent and develop new technology which can block violent scenes from the programs children watch. For example, with a rating system(分级制度) and the V-chip, unfit scenes of violence and sex can be blocked out. Second, parents should monitor what their children watch. At the same time, they should make their children interested in real life activities. Then when the children start to spend more time playing with friends or reading books, parents can stop their monitoring.
It is a fact that there is more violence on TV today than there was ten years ago. Moreover, violent incidents occur more frequently in real life. It’s time to realize how harmful watching TV violence is, and it’s time to keep our children from watching violence.
1.What experts really worry is that .
A. children spend too much time watching TV
B. TV violence has a bad influence on children
C. children become addicted to TV programs
D. children have less time to do their homework
2.The author explain how the government should control TV violence by .
A. giving a definition B. giving an example
C. making a comparison D. presenting research findings
3.What does the underlined word “imitate” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. explain. B. avoid.
C. ignore. D. copy.
4.What is the author’s purpose for writing this text?
A. To express his own worries about TV violence.
B. To ask parents to take good care of their children.
C. To inform readers of the latest situation about TV violence.
D. To call on the whole society to save children from violence.
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听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.How many more hours do children spend on TV than in a classroom?
A.6,000 hours. B.12,000 hours. C.18,000 hours.
2.What is ‘‘Sesame Street’’ according to the passage?
A.A recreational program.
B.A program for cartoon.
C.An educational program.
3.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.TV commercials should be cut down.
B.Children should watch less TV.
C.There’s much room for improving the US TV programs.
4.What will be the result of children seeing hours of TV every day?
A.They will become inactive and dull.
B.They will forget their homework.
C.They will follow the TV programs.
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Women , to air pollution before giving birth to a baby, are more likely to give birth to children with heart defects, researchers reported on December 29.
A. exposed B. exposing
C. are exposed D. are exposing
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Teenagers who spend more than six hours online on school days are more likely to be lonely and skip school, according to an international study.
The study examined the home Internet use，well-being(幸福)and behaviour of 296,000 15-year-olds in 41 countries. More than one in four spent more than four hours per day online outside of school. The study found lower levels of well-being among students who spent more than six hours per day online. They were twice as likely as teenagers spending one and two hours per day online to report that they felt lonely at school. These ''extreme Internet users'' were also especially at risk of ''behaving in problematic ways at school, such as arriving late or skipping class''.
The report said, ''Lower levels of engagement(密切关系)with school may be connected to less sense of belonging at school. It is also possible that skipping class and arriving late for school are the consequence of lack of sleep among extreme Internet users. '' It adds，'' Parents， schools and health professionals can work together to watch and plan children's use of new media. ''
The study also found that countries that invest (投资)heavily in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in schools have seen no ''considerable'' difference in 15-year-olds5 achievement in reading, math or science tests. The study results suggest ''limited'' use of computers at school ''may be better'' than not using them at all. However, students who use computers ''very frequently'' at school ''do a lot worse in most learning outcomes''. The report says，'' In the end，technology can strengthen great teaching，but great technology cannot replace poor teaching. ''
1.The international study showed that .
A.half of the students spent six hours online every day
B.extreme Internet users had lower levels of well-being
C.teenagers spent much time online when they felt lonely
D.most of the students were late for school after extreme Internet use
2.What can we learn from the study results?
A.Schools should invest more in ICT.
B.Proper use of computers is helpful at school.
C.Technology sometimes leads to poor teaching.
D.Computer users perform well in maths at school.
3.Where does this text most probably come from?
A.An engineer textbook. B.A personal diary.
C.A science news report. D.A computer book.
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Babies are not just passing idle time when they stare goggle-eyed at the television—they are actually learning about the world, U.S. researchers said. Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television , based on the study, said Donna Mumme, assistant professor of psychology at Tufts University in Boston, who led the research. “Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional(情感的)reactions of adults around them,” Mumme said in a statement. “It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television. This means that adults might want to think twice before they speak in a loud and harsh voice or let a baby see television programs meant for information about the world. A mother urging her baby to eat some “yummy” soup or a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby’s reaction. Mumme’s team tested babies to determine. If television has the same influence, showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red spiral letter holder, a blue bumpy ball, and a yellow garden hose attachment. Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with. Ten-month-olds did not seem to be influenced by the video but the 1-year-olds were. When the actors acted neutrally or positively to an object, the babies happily played with them. But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted, the babies would avoid the object.
1.Psychology is the study of .
A．human’s society and its growth
B．human’s hopes had dreams
C．human’s mind and behaviors
D．human’s languages and cultures
2.Which of the following is Mumme’s conclusion?
A．Small babies should not be allowed to watch television programs.
B．Adults need to think twice before they act in front of small babies.
C．TV programs provide small babies with all the information they need.
D．One-year-olds can be emotionally influenced by TV programs.
3.Mumme reached his conclusion by .
A．measuring the time babies spent in front of TV.
B．making TV programs and advertisements for kids.
C．showing actors how to react to blue bumpy balls
D．observing small babies’ reactions to TV programs
4.Which of the following may the study lead to according to the researchers?
A．Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television.
B．Actors may try to behave themselves well in front of babies.
C．Babies may be allowed to choose what they see on TV.
D．Scientists may stop ignoring babies’ emotional world.
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“I had no intention to adopt a cat that day. I just liked being around animals. ” Miranda says. But when she saw Nala in her metal cage, “We made eye contact and I couldn’t resist (抗拒) her big blue eyes.” At that point, “Nala was so small. I asked the shelter if I could hold her. Once I had Nala in my arms, Nala looked up at me and licked (舔) my face.” And that was when she knew she had to take this kitty home.
Still, Miranda never imagined Nala would become an Insta-star. “I started Nala’s Instagram account in 2012 as a way to share photos with my close friends and family in Thailand,” she explained. The possibility of Nala gaining attention beyond that small group of people hadn’t occurred to her until it happened.
Miranda says, “Each time Nala’s photo was featured on Instagram’s popular page, her account would gain 1,000 new followers. ” From there, Nala’s popularity snowballed. Large nationwide brands messaged Miranda about hiring Nala to do ads. “This took us by surprise because we couldn’t believe that a big brand wanted to pay them to take photos with their products next to Nala”.
Nala started life out in a shelter, just waiting to be loved like many other animals that were abandoned. Today that dream has surely come true. Nala has over 4 million followers on Instagram, which earned her the title “Guinness World Records Most Popular Cat on Instagram.”
In addition to managing her Insta fame, Nala is being asked to test various cat food brands. More importantly, “Nala is our chance to share the love to help create a better life for other animals, so they can grow well and bring joy to the world like Nala has.”
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.Visits to a shelter. B.Love at first sight.
C.Power of blue eyes. D.Duty to adopt cats.
2.Why did Miranda open Nala’s Instagram account?
A.To meet Nala’s needs. B.To assist Nala be a star.
C.To share Nala’s pictures. D.To attract public attention.
3.How did Miranda feel about Nala’s popularity?
A.Satisfied. B.Amazed.
C.Upset. D.Disappointed.
4.What does the underlined phrase “that dream” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A.Being eager to be loved.
B.Starting life in the shelter.
C.Gaining chances to earn money.
D.Being raised by Instagram fans.
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Research suggests that at least 64% of people now spend up to four hours daily of spare time in front of a screen. Just as TV watching has been linked to higher chances of being fat and getting diseases, this extra sedentary (久坐不动) time is bad news for our health. 1..
1.Choose outdoor activities over technology
When you're at home, make it a rule that you can't be online if the sun is shining. 2.. Then, after taking these healthy physical activities, you can pull out your phone or tablet, or take a seat at the computer. This rule should be fit for everyone in your family.
2.Limit social media use
According to some experts, the effect of technology on human relationships is worrying as technology has become a substitute for face-to-face human relationships. And Social networks have changed computer and mobile use for people of all ages.3.. Avoid aimless browsing (浏览) and give your time online a purpose: research holidays or catch up on the news of the day. Then log off.
3. 4.
Challenge yourself to read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile phone. Pick the right reading material and you'll soon find you've discovered an enjoyable pastime.
4. Create projects for yourself
It's amazing how much you can achieve when you're not glued to (长时间盯着) a screen.5.Some suggestions are organizing kitchen cupboards, cleaning your bedroom. Then try to do one each evening.
A. Set aside reading time
B. Choose the suitable reading materials
C. Make a list of one-hour evening projects
D. Here are some ways to stop technology addiction
E. Whether it's Facebook or Twitter, limit the time online
F. The following are some ways to make better use of leisure time
G. Instead, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, or swim at least an hour
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Now some women are spending a weekend at Mother’s Camp（营地）. There, husbands and children are not allowed. Why would a woman want to take a vacation without her family? Some women say they need time to be alone.
At Mother’s Camp a woman has room to herself. She can sleep, read or watch TV, and no one will bother her. No children will ask,“Mom, what’s for dinner?” No husband will say, “Oh, dear, I can’t find any clean socks.”In fact almost 50% of women in the United States work outside the home. Many of them work full-time and then come home to a second job-taking care of their homes and families. These working women say one of their biggest problems is housework.
In the United States, working wives do about 75% of the housework. Many of their husbands say they want to help. But then they burn the rice or they can’t find the pans. They ask so many questions that their wives decide it is easier to do the job themselves.
Some women go to Mother’s Camp just to get a break from housework. For two days they don’t cook, they don’t clean, they don’t look after their children and husbands. What do they do? They enjoy warm, sunny weather, walking, swimming or boating in a clear blue lake and sing songs around the campfire. They relax away from home. They have a really wonderful vacation at Mother’s Camp.
1.From this passage we can see in the United States.
A. women want to work outside the home
B. working wives do most of the housework
C. husbands do as much housework as their wives
D. women do not like to stay at home with their families
2.At Mother’s Camp, women can’t .
A. watch TV B. read newspapers
C. swim in the lake D. bring their husbands and children
3.Why would some mothers like to be alone? Because .
A. they don’t like their husbands and children B. they have to work full-time
C. they are too busy to relax themselves D. they want a new life
4.______________ is one of the biggest troubles for working wives in the United States.
A. Housework B. Working outside the home
C. When to take a vacation D. Looking after their children
5.What’s the best title（标题）for this passage?
A. Busy Working Mothers B. The US family
C. Mothers Relax Away from Home D. Mothers in the US