A new study reported in a medical magazine concludes that even smokers who reach their 70s are likely to live longer if they stop smoking. Researchers say that they have got some of the strongest evidence (证据) that it's never too late to stop smoking.
The study was based on a five-year follow-up of 7, 178 people over the age of 65 who lived in Boston, New Haven and Washington counties in Iowa. The report showed former smokers ran about the same risk of death from heart disease as those who never smoked. Women who stopped smoking faced about the same cancer-death risk as those who never smoked, but men who gave up smoking still had a 50% higher risk. The men's extra risk of cancer largely disappeared if they had not smoked for more than 20 years. The discovery does not agree with the widely-known belief that by the time smokers reach old age, their habit has already hurt them, and those who continue to live healthily are probably immune (有免疫力的) to the dangers of cigarettes.
1.The conclusion of the new study is that _________.
A. one can plan to give up smoking at any age for the sake (理由) of one's health
B. it's late to stop smoking when one is getting old
C. it's no use for young people stopping smoking
D. smokers over the age of 70 are expected to live longer
2.A former smoker is a person who _________.
A. smokes once in a while
B. is going to give up smoking
C. used to smoke
D. smokes a lot
3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Women who stop smoking face about the same cancer-death risk as non-smokers.
B. Men who stop smoking are facing the same risk of death from cancer as non-smokers.
C. Women who stop smoking face about the same cancer-death risk as men who gave up smoking 20 years ago.
D. Men who stop smoking face about the same risk of death from heart trouble as non-smokers.
高二英语阅读理解简单题
A new study reported in a medical magazine concludes that even smokers who reach their 70s are likely to live longer if they stop smoking. Researchers say that they have got some of the strongest evidence (证据) that it's never too late to stop smoking.
The study was based on a five-year follow-up of 7, 178 people over the age of 65 who lived in Boston, New Haven and Washington counties in Iowa. The report showed former smokers ran about the same risk of death from heart disease as those who never smoked. Women who stopped smoking faced about the same cancer-death risk as those who never smoked, but men who gave up smoking still had a 50% higher risk. The men's extra risk of cancer largely disappeared if they had not smoked for more than 20 years. The discovery does not agree with the widely-known belief that by the time smokers reach old age, their habit has already hurt them, and those who continue to live healthily are probably immune (有免疫力的) to the dangers of cigarettes.
1.The conclusion of the new study is that _________.
A. one can plan to give up smoking at any age for the sake (理由) of one's health
B. it's late to stop smoking when one is getting old
C. it's no use for young people stopping smoking
D. smokers over the age of 70 are expected to live longer
2.A former smoker is a person who _________.
A. smokes once in a while
B. is going to give up smoking
C. used to smoke
D. smokes a lot
3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Women who stop smoking face about the same cancer-death risk as non-smokers.
B. Men who stop smoking are facing the same risk of death from cancer as non-smokers.
C. Women who stop smoking face about the same cancer-death risk as men who gave up smoking 20 years ago.
D. Men who stop smoking face about the same risk of death from heart trouble as non-smokers.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Painkillers (止痛药) are turning out to be a real pain: according to a new study in the British Medical Journal. Taking them for just a week can increase your risk of heart attack by 50%. The research suggested that the risk related to the use of certain drugs was greatest with higher doses (服用量) and during the first month of use. The potential risk may increase by 75% for medicines like ibuprofen (布洛芬) and naproxen, and more than 100% for rofecoxib.
It all sounds bad but, your risk is very low, — say, one in a million — a 100% increase means you still only have a two in a million chance. Of course, all painkilling medication that works can have side effects — nothing is safe and effective. Paracetamol (扑热息痛) has very few unless taken too much, in which case it can cause serious liver danger, but it isn’t very effective. Drugs like opiates are strong painkillers but easy to be addicted and often have other bad effects. Maybe you find that you are in a dilemma now. But don’t despair; you can refer to a pain clinic for some professional guidance. For ongoing pain, music and exercise may be the best choices to help you reduce the feeling of it.
Scientist at Harvard have recently done a quite horrible study on mice. They made the mice experience extremes of hot and cold, applied pressure to their back legs and injected the capsaicin (辣椒素) into their feet. And then they timed how long it took them to respond to the pain. Lack of sleep increased the discomfort, while stimulants (兴奋剂) such as caffeine made them less responsive to pain. This has been widely reported that a good night’s sleep and a cup of coffee in the morning may help reduce pain.
But anyway, don’t throw the pills away because the study also shows taking small doses of drugs, such as for short periods of time can be effective and safe as long as your heart is in good condition.
1.Which of the following painkillers has fewest side-effects?
A.Ibuprofen. B.Naproxen.
C.Rofecoxib. D.Paracetamol.
2.What does the underlined word “despair” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Take it seriously. B.Take any risks.
C.Lose hope. D.Feel doubtful.
3.The example of mice is used to show that ____
A.mice can stand extreme pressure
B.good sleep and coffee may decrease pain
C.legs and feet are more sensitive to pain
D.capsaicin and stimulants can help reduce pain
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.How to stop taking painkillers. B.A new way of reducing pain.
C.The risk of taking painkillers. D.How to avoid painkillers’ side effects.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study ____the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones in private than when they are surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members.
A.shines B.damages C.affects D.protects
高二英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
Dogs can be worried and pessimistic just like people, researchers report in a new study in Current Biology. And they aren’t talking about basset hounds (短脚猎狗): those dogs just look as if they expect the worst.
What the scientists say is that dogs that exhibit anxiety when left home alone by their owners may have bigger problems — they may be in a permanent bad mood.
This pessimistic outlook may not otherwise be easily apparent in a dog’s other characteristics, like running speed or learning ability, the study reports.
Dogs are similar to humans in the role that emotional state plays in decision making, said Michael Mendel, a veterinary scientist at the University of Bristol and the study’s lead author. The study’s researchers looked at 24 dogs in shelters in Britain.
They placed the dogs in isolated settings and observed their reactions — many barked, jumped on furniture and scratched at the door.
Then they placed bowls in two rooms. One bowl contained food, while another was empty. After training the dogs to understand that bowls can sometimes be empty, and sometimes full, they began to place bowls in ambiguous locations.
Dogs that quickly raced to the locations were more optimistic, and in search of food. Those that did not were deemed pessimistic.
The more separation anxiety a dog expressed while in isolation, the more likely the dog was to have a pessimistic reaction, the researchers found.
The study carries an important message for dog owners, Dr. Mendel said.
Dogs that express serious anxiety when alone may need treatment, as it could be a sign of unhappiness and instability.
1.This passage can be classified as _________.
A.an advertisement | B.a feature story |
C.a news report | D.a book review |
2. In the study, many dogs barked, jumped and scratched because __________.
A.they couldn’t find the bowl with food in it |
B.they were left alone |
C.they needed to be treated |
D.they wanted to be active and optimistic |
3.According to Dr. Mendel, which statement is true?
A.Like humans, dogs are good at decision making. |
B.Dog owners should train dogs to find food. |
C.Emotional state works sometimes when humans make decision. |
D.Dogs can always find the bowl with food quickly. |
4.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Dogs will be optimistic as long as they are left alone. |
B.Dogs must be in a permanent bad mood when their owners left. |
C.Dogs that express anxiety don’t need treatment. |
D.Dogs may easily show their pessimistic outlook in learning ability. |
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
In 1996, John Tierney suggested in the New York Times Magazine article that “recycling is garbage.” He wrote, “The money spent on recycling programs should have been spent on real social and environmental problems. Recycling programs not only increase energy use and pollution, but also cost more money than the disposal (处理) of plain old garbage. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.”
Environmental groups were quick to express their disagreement. They wrote reports on how recycling programs in cities can reduce pollution and cost less than regular garbage pickup and disposal. Michael Shapiro, an official of the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA), said that “recycling can be good value for money, although there’s still room for improvements.”
But in 2002, New York City, a pioneer of recycling, found that its recycling program was losing money, so it stopped glass and plastic recycling. Other major cities watched closely to see how New York was dealing with its remaining program (the city never stopped paper recycling). But then it closed its last landfill (垃圾填埋地), and private companies out of New York raised prices due to the increased workload of carrying away and disposing New York’s garbage. As a result, glass and plastic recycling became profitable for the city again, and New York brought the program back. According to Cecil Adams of The Chicago Reader, the lessons learned by New York are relevant everywhere. He believes that, if managed correctly, recycling programs should cost cities less than garbage disposal.
Even though the benefits of recycling over disposal are many, keep in mind that it better serves the environment to “reduce and reuse” before recycling is even considered as a choice.
1.Why did John Tierney think “recycling is garbage”?
A. Because he considered recycling a wasteful activity.
B. Because he didn’t think recycling was a new idea.
C. Because he found few people would like to recycle.
D. Because he didn’t like the environmental groups.
2.Which argument was put forward by the environmental groups?
A. Recycling technologies are mature.
B. Recycling programs save money.
C. Recycling programs cause pollution.
D. Recycling technologies are valueless.
3.Why did other cities watch closely to see how New York was doing?
A. Because New York was doing extremely well.
B. Because they didn’t want to have a recycling program
C. Because they felt worried about the waste of money.
D. Because New York was running a new recycling program.
4.Which of the following would the author most probably recommend?
A. Always bring your own shopping bag when you go shopping.
B. Always put your shopping bag into the dustbin after use.
C. Never go shopping where shopping bags are offered for free.
D. Never use a shopping bag which is not recycled.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Recently,people in US education have gotten extremely worried because a new report has shown that American students have a math problem.
The 2015 Program for International Student Assessment(评估)(PISA) shows math scores in the US getting lower and no improvement in science or reading.PISA tests 15-year-olds from different countries and regions in their math,science and reading skills.About 540,000 students from 72 countries and regions took part in the assessment in 2015.
US scores in reading and science were about the same as three years ago,leaving Americans near the middle of the bigger group.But the situation in math is much more worrying.The US average score was 470,be;ow the OECD(经合组织)test average of 490,meaning the US was No.40 among the 72 countries and areas.It was 12 points lower than in 2012 and 18 points lower than in 2009.So,what is going on with American students' math skills?
One reason may be that the US does not teach math in enough depth."Students are often good at answering the first part of a problem in the United States,"said Andreas Schleicher,director of education and skills at OECD."But as soon as students have to go deeper and answer the more complicated part of a problem,they have difficulties."In comparison,many high-performing countries and regions in math teach a lot less but focus in much greater depth, especially when you look at East Asia,Japan and Singapore,according to Schleicher.
Another reason may be the fact that many people in the US are unwilling to travel to foreign countries to learn better teaching practices."One of our biggest challenges in the US is that the teachers are not going out and seeing what high-performing countries do differently,"said Wendy Kopp,who started Teach for America,in a news program.
1.When it comes to the 2015 PISA results,people in US education are more concerned about .
A. the US average score
B. the differences from the previous PISA
C. American students' performance in math
D. American students' situation in science and reading skills
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A. American students are not interested in simple math problems.
B. American students are unwilling to go abroad for further study.
C. American math teachers envy high-performing countries better teaching skills.
D. American math teachers seldom teach students how to solve complicated problems.
3.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To inform people of American students' 2015 PISA results.
B. To analyze the causes of American students' problems with math.
C. To stress the importance of learning math well to America students.
D. To give American math teachers some advice on how to teach math.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new campus of that university is reported ______ in Hi-tech Zone in Chengdu now.
A.to have been built | B.to have built | C.bein g built | D.to be built |
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
A new study, which was published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that heavy use of platforms such as Facebook and Snapchat was associated with feelings of being separated from society among young adults—basically the opposite of what we are led to believe.
Study co-author Brian Primack and his team surveyed 1,787 U. S. adults aged 19 to 32 and asked them about their usage of 11 social media platforms. They also asked participants questions related to social isolation, such as how often they felt left out. The participants who reported spending the most time on social media—over two hours a day—had twice the odds of perceived(感知到的)social isolation than those who said they spent a half-hour per day or less on the same sites.
According to Tom Kersting, psychotherapist and author of Disconnected, the key to understanding these results lies in our understanding of “connections.” “Humans are social —emotional beings, meaning that it is in our DNA to be connected, face-to-face, with other humans,” he told Reader’s Digest. “Although people think being on social media all the time makes them ‘connected’ to others, they are actually ‘disconnected,’ because the more time one spends behind a screen, the less time one spend face-to-face.”
“Part of the issue of loneliness is that the majority of people who use social media aren’t just posting, they are also viewing,” Kersting continued. “They are spending a lot of time looking at everyone else’s posts, where they are and what they are doing. The constant exposure to everyone else’s ‘perfect’ life experiences causes feelings of being left out.”
So what’s the answer? It’s simple, says Kersting. “The solution to this is resisting the temptation to look at everyone else’s life. Just focus on your own life, where you’re going, what you are grateful for, and what you want to accomplish in this world.”
1.What is the finding of the new study?
A. Humans are social-emotional beings.
B. Social media platforms are overused by the young.
C. Social media strengthens interpersonal relationship.
D. Heavy use of Social media can lead to loneliness.
2.How did the team conduct their research?
A. By asking questions. B. By experimenting.
C. By distributing forms. D. By media reporting.
3.Who might have a strong feeling of social isolation?
A. Those who use a single social media platforms.
B. Those who spend three hours a day on social media.
C. Those who don’t spend time on social media.
D. Those spending a half-hour per day on social media.
4.What does Kersting suggest people do to avoid feelings of social isolation?
A. Never compare with others. B. Make more fiends on the internet.
C. Choose a travel destination. D. Set up a clear goal for the future.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
I grew up in New York my whole life. I studied in a perfect college that happened only to be an hour away from home. Then, about three weeks before the spring term was over, my parents told me we were moving to Arizona that summer. They asked me if I was going to transfer (转学) to another college. I said no. I was not going to change everything in my life at one time and I loved my college and all the amazing things I was doing there. It was my second home; I would not leave everything I knew at the same time since that was asking for trouble.
I never imagined it would be this hard but, at the same time, the best thing that could have happened to me.
When out in Arizona, life was hard. I didn't know anyone other than my family and friends. I couldn’t bear the extreme heat. But it has helped me so much. I have started working on my writing. I also have time to work out in the gym. It has helped me realize that no matter where you are or who you know you can always find something that you enjoy.
When back at school in New York, it was hard as well. Living close to home was my security blanket. If something was wrong I could get in my car and drive home and see my family. After my family moved to another city, I lacked security and was always controlled by anxiety. However, it helped me learn independence and forced me to be brave.
I' m so thankful that I didn't transfer to a different school, which has given me the opportunity to go back and see best friends in my hometown. A year ago, I officially left my hometown for good. It has helped me grow and I am so thankful that I have had this experience. Now, when I graduate from college, I can go anywhere I want. I am no longer afraid to go out on my own into the world. The world is full of opportunities and pleasure and I can' t wait to see where I will be next.
1.In Paragraph 1, the author .
A. preferred to stay at school than at home
B. would not change both school and home
C. would rather stay at his hometown
D. was glad to go to a new school
2.How was life like to the author in Arizona?
A. He liked the cool weather there.
B. He couldn’t find anything he enjoyed.
C. He found his life difficult but helpful.
D. He worked for a student organization.
3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that living near home .
A. gave me a sense of security
B. meant I could be safe every day
C. meant I could do everything I wanted bravely
D. allowed me to get a blanket easily if needed
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A. My school life in New York B. My home and college
C. My moving during college D. My experience in Arizona
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes (染色体), called telomeres (端粒), says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres are special DNA sequences (序列) which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.
In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children’s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres-in cells obtained by wiping the insides of their cheeks-at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.
The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood a adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
1.The new study found that .
A. hardship can change a child’s memory
B. violence can speed up a child’s aging
C. violence leaves scars on a child’s mind
D. hardship has an effect on a child’s mind
2.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Telomeres. B. Children.
C. Chromosomes. D. DNA sequences.
3.What can be inferred from the text?
A. Violence can cause quick cell death in children’s body.
B. Telomeres can help prevent chromosomes from separating.
C. Children who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later.
D. Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. Violence and Telomeres
B. The Function of Telomeres
C. Violence Makes Children Aging
D. DNA Influences Children’s Growth
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析