Researchers are finding new ways to save snak...

Researchers are finding new ways to save snakebite victims.Experts discussed the latest findings during a recent conference.

Scientists in Australia have shown that a chemical called nitric oxide could increase the chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.The scientists injected rats with a deadly amount of snake venom.Then they rubbed an ointment(软膏)containing nitric oxide on the skin around the injection site.The study found that the rats lived about one-third longer than if nitric oxide had not been used.But the treatment had to be started very quickly.

Dirk van Helden led the research.He says the nitric oxide ointment also showed promise in humans.The study appeared earlier this year in the journal Nature Medicine.Scientists say the findings could help save many lives.A recent study found that poisonous snakes cause as many as ninety-four thousand deaths worldwide each year.But Ulrich Kuch of the Biodiversity and Climate Research Center in Frankfurt,Germany,says that number appears to be low.

Mr Kuch says many deaths could be prohibited if snakebite victims are treated correctly,but they often go to traditional healers or do not seek any help at all.He said,“Sometimes it’s because there is no treatment available—no antivenom(抗蛇毒血清),which is the specific(特殊的)drug to treat snakebites—or health care staff do not know how to treat snakebites,and sometimes it’s because transportation to get to a health facility is not available or too expensive.”

Here is no single antivenom that can be used to treat all snakebites.The antivenom must be specific to the kind of snake that bit the person.In some countries the treatment is costly,while in others there is no such treatment.

1.What is this passage mainly about?(　 )

A.Snakebite deaths around the world.

B.Progress in fighting snakebite deaths.

C.Snakebite treatment around the world.

D.The chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.

2.After being rubbed an ointment containing nitric oxide,the rats 　　 .

A.suffered no pain

B.died immediately

C.lived a little longer

D.started feeling uncomfortable

3.What does Paragraph 3 suggest?(　 )

A.The number of deaths caused by snakebites is becoming lower each year.

B.The nitric oxide ointment has saved thousands of people’s lives.

C.It is very important to find an effective way to treat snakebites.

D.The number of deaths caused by snakebites worldwide is low.

4.What does the underlined word “prohibited” in Paragraph 4 mean?(　 )

A. caused.　　 B.considered.

C.examined.　　　 D.prevented.

5.What is implied in the last paragraph?(　 )

A.Antivenom can be made very easily.

B.It’s very important to use the correct antivenom to treat snakebite victims.

C.Antivenom is extremely expensive all over the world.

D.A person bitten by a snake will survive as long as there is antivenom.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers are finding new ways to save snakebite victims.Experts discussed the latest findings during a recent conference.

Scientists in Australia have shown that a chemical called nitric oxide could increase the chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.The scientists injected rats with a deadly amount of snake venom.Then they rubbed an ointment(软膏)containing nitric oxide on the skin around the injection site.The study found that the rats lived about one-third longer than if nitric oxide had not been used.But the treatment had to be started very quickly.

Dirk van Helden led the research.He says the nitric oxide ointment also showed promise in humans.The study appeared earlier this year in the journal Nature Medicine.Scientists say the findings could help save many lives.A recent study found that poisonous snakes cause as many as ninety-four thousand deaths worldwide each year.But Ulrich Kuch of the Biodiversity and Climate Research Center in Frankfurt,Germany,says that number appears to be low.

Mr Kuch says many deaths could be prohibited if snakebite victims are treated correctly,but they often go to traditional healers or do not seek any help at all.He said,“Sometimes it’s because there is no treatment available—no antivenom(抗蛇毒血清),which is the specific(特殊的)drug to treat snakebites—or health care staff do not know how to treat snakebites,and sometimes it’s because transportation to get to a health facility is not available or too expensive.”

Here is no single antivenom that can be used to treat all snakebites.The antivenom must be specific to the kind of snake that bit the person.In some countries the treatment is costly,while in others there is no such treatment.

1.What is this passage mainly about?(　 )

A.Snakebite deaths around the world.

B.Progress in fighting snakebite deaths.

C.Snakebite treatment around the world.

D.The chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.

2.After being rubbed an ointment containing nitric oxide,the rats 　　 .

A.suffered no pain　　　　　　 B.died immediately

C.lived a little longer 　　 D.started feeling uncomfortable

3.What does Paragraph 3 suggest?(　 )

A.The number of deaths caused by snakebites is becoming lower each year.

B.The nitric oxide ointment has saved thousands of people’s lives.

C.It is very important to find an effective way to treat snakebites.

D.The number of deaths caused by snakebites worldwide is low.

4.What does the underlined word “prohibited” in Paragraph 4 mean?(　 )

A. caused.　　 B.considered.

C.examined.　　　 D.prevented.

5.What is implied in the last paragraph?(　 )

A.Antivenom can be made very easily.

B.It’s very important to use the correct antivenom to treat snakebite victims.

C.Antivenom is extremely expensive all over the world.

D.A person bitten by a snake will survive as long as there is antivenom.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers are finding new ways to save snakebite victims.Experts discussed the latest findings during a recent conference.

Scientists in Australia have shown that a chemical called nitric oxide could increase the chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.The scientists injected rats with a deadly amount of snake venom.Then they rubbed an ointment(软膏)containing nitric oxide on the skin around the injection site.The study found that the rats lived about one-third longer than if nitric oxide had not been used.But the treatment had to be started very quickly.

Dirk van Helden led the research.He says the nitric oxide ointment also showed promise in humans.The study appeared earlier this year in the journal Nature Medicine.Scientists say the findings could help save many lives.A recent study found that poisonous snakes cause as many as ninety-four thousand deaths worldwide each year.But Ulrich Kuch of the Biodiversity and Climate Research Center in Frankfurt,Germany,says that number appears to be low.

Mr Kuch says many deaths could be prohibited if snakebite victims are treated correctly,but they often go to traditional healers or do not seek any help at all.He said,“Sometimes it’s because there is no treatment available—no antivenom(抗蛇毒血清),which is the specific(特殊的)drug to treat snakebites—or health care staff do not know how to treat snakebites,and sometimes it’s because transportation to get to a health facility is not available or too expensive.”

Here is no single antivenom that can be used to treat all snakebites.The antivenom must be specific to the kind of snake that bit the person.In some countries the treatment is costly,while in others there is no such treatment.

1.What is this passage mainly about?(　 )

A.Snakebite deaths around the world.

B.Progress in fighting snakebite deaths.

C.Snakebite treatment around the world.

D.The chances of surviving a poisonous snakebite.

2.After being rubbed an ointment containing nitric oxide,the rats 　　 .

A.suffered no pain

B.died immediately

C.lived a little longer

D.started feeling uncomfortable

3.What does Paragraph 3 suggest?(　 )

A.The number of deaths caused by snakebites is becoming lower each year.

B.The nitric oxide ointment has saved thousands of people’s lives.

C.It is very important to find an effective way to treat snakebites.

D.The number of deaths caused by snakebites worldwide is low.

4.What does the underlined word “prohibited” in Paragraph 4 mean?(　 )

A. caused.　　 　 B.considered.

C.examined.　　　 D.prevented.

5.What is implied in the last paragraph?(　 )

A.Antivenom can be made very easily.

B.It’s very important to use the correct antivenom to treat snakebite victims.

C.Antivenom is extremely expensive all over the world.

D.A person bitten by a snake will survive as long as there is antivenom.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Chinese researchers say they have come up with a simple way to find out a person’s biological age —how much the body has aged physically – through a urine (尿) test.

Their findings will help researchers conduct numbers of ageing studies and even predict a person’s risk of age-related diseases, according to a paper published in the journal Frontiers in Ageing Neuroscience.

Another paper by researchers at the Beijing Hospital and the West China Hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan province, said on Tuesday that people aged at different rates due to changes in their genetic make-up and their environment.

Chronological age – which is based on one’s birth date —was not an exact measure of biological age so a more exact method was needed, the team said.

Ageing is driven by the lifelong gradual accumulation(积累) of a broad variety of molecular (分子) faults in the body’s cells. The team said they had identified a matter 8-oxoGsn　 that indicated increases in oxidative (氧化性) damage in urine as people’s bodies aged.

Cai Jianping, a co-author at the Beijing Hospital, said: “As we age, we suffer increasing oxidative damage and so the levels of oxidative matters increase in our body.” The team tested the levels of 8-oxoGsn in urine samples from 1,228 Chinese people aged two to 90 and concluded the marker helped accurately determine the stage of biological ageing in adults.

They had previously found that 8-oxoGsn levels also increased with age in the urine of animals such as mice.

The team has also developed a rapid analysis technique called ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(层析法), which can process up to 10 urine samples an hour, according to the study.

1.Scientifically speaking, by what does a doctor judge the stage of a person getting old?

A. His psychology.　　 B. His condition.

C. His biological age.　　 D. His chronological age.

2.What are the outer factors the speed of one’s ageing physically depend on?

A. One’s birth date.

B. The changes in their genetic make-up and their environment.

C. The accumulation of various molecular faults in the body’s cells.

D. The increases in oxidative damage in urine.

3.Which can take the place of the underlined word “marker” in the sixth paragraph?

A. Molecular faults.　　 B. 8-oxoGsn.

C. Oxidative damage.　　 D. Stage of biological ageing in adults.

4.What is the passage about?

A. Why people are ageing.

B. What determines the stage of people’s ageing physically.

C. A rapid method with which to judge how much people are aging physically.

D. How to delay people’s ageing physically.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The technique can lead to new ways to produce medicines, the researchers from the universities of Istanbul and Hawaii hope.

As part of an effort to improve treatments for life-threatening illnesses, a team of scientists have created rabbits that glow(发光) in the dark.

Their efforts produced two rabbits out of a litter of eight that went from being a normal, fluffy white to glowing green in the dark. The rabbits were born at the University of Istanbul as part of a collaboration（合作） between scientists from universities in Turkey and Hawaii.

The rabbits glow to show that a genetic manipulation technique can work efficiently, though the specific color is more cosmetic than scientific. "The green is not important at all – it's just a marker to show the experiment can be done successfully," said University of Hawaii associate professor Stefan Moisyadi.

To produce the glowing effect, researchers injected jellyfish DNA into a mother rabbit's embryos. Those altered embryos（胚胎）. Those altered embryos were then inserted back into the mother. Similar experiments have resulted in glowing cockroaches and cats.

Eventually, the researchers hope the technique can lead to new ways to produce medicines, Moisyadi said.　　 “The final goal is to develop animals that act as barrier reactive to produce beneficial molecules in their milk that

can be cheaply extracted, especially in countries that can’t afford big pharma plants that make drugs, that usually cost $1bn to build, and be able to produce their own protein-based medication in animals," Moisyadi said.

The rabbits are expected to have the same life span as their non-glowing counterparts（副本）, but Moisyadi said he understands people can object to this kind of experimentation involving live animals.

"To the people against, I say: think about, what are the benefits and what are the injuries?" Moisyadi said. "And if the benefits outweigh the injuries, let's go with the benefits."

Moisyadi, a native of Turkey who is now with the University of Hawaii, started developing the project in 2006, and researchers are now waiting to see if pregnant sheep produce similar results.

1.Moisyadi’s attitude towards this kind of experiment is　　　　　　 .

A. doubtful.

B. indifferent.

C. supportive.

D. objective.

2.How did glowing effect produce?

A. It was just the result of genetic selection.

B. Put a light into a mother rabbit’s embryos.

C. Injected glowing cats DNA into a mother rabbit’s embryos.

D. Injected Jellyfish DNA into a mother rabbit’s embryos.

3.The final goal of this research is　　　　　　 .

A. To make animals cuter.

B. To make nights brighter.

C. To produce all kinds of glowing animals.

D. To produce beneficial molecules in animals’ milk.

4.What can we learn according to the passage?

A. The life span of glowing rabbits is much shorter than that of non-glowing ones.

B. The glowing rabbits were born only at the University pf Hawaii.

C. Scientists have created glowing cockroaches and cats before.

D. Three rabbits out of eight can glow in the experiment.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Whale researchers believe they have found a new way to measure the amount of stress felt by whales when they experience serious threats, such as being hit by a ship, and they say the technique could help protect the huge sea creatures from dying off.

American Rosalind Rolland is the lead scientist on the project. She and her team are with the New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts. They measured stress hormones (荷尔蒙 ) by studying baleen, a substance found in the upper part of the mouth of some kinds of whale. She explains that the baleen serves as a record that shows a spike in stress hormones when whales face dangers such as a changing climate and ship strikes. Scientists can then read these records, similar to reading the rings on a tree.

Understanding the information is important because whales who often feel stressed are less likely to be reproductive and more likely to become sick. That combination is not good for the whale population, which is already dangerously low.

The scientists did their work on a whale that had become trapped in fishing equipment, which some scientists estimate kills up to 300, 000 whales and dolphins annually. It was finally killed by Inuit hunters who found it trying to drag the fishing equipment. The hunters said the whale seemed to lack energy. When scientists examined the dead whale, they found its mouth showed an increase in stress hormones 20 times greater than normal.

Regina Asmutis-Silvia is a biologist with the Whale and Dolphin Conservation in Massachusetts. She didn’t participate in the research, but she says it is important. “We clearly understand that stress is bad for humans. We also need to understand that stress is bad for other animals, too,” she adds.

1.What does the text mainly tell us?

A.The dangers the whale often faces.

B.The measures to stop sea life being hit.

C.A discovery to measure stress on whales.

D.A way to protect the mouth of the whale.

2.Which of the following can best replace “spike” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A.Rise. B.Change. C.Crash. D.Slide.

3.What may a whale living a stressful life be like?

A.Calm and fierce. B.Unhealthy and unable to reproduce.

C.Uneasy and energetic. D.Sizeable and likely to lose appetite.

4.Why does the author mention the words by Regina?

A.To move on to another topic.

B.To stress the importance of the finding.

C.To tell the necessity of studying other animals.

D.To show the similarity between humans and animals.

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Having tried hard several times, they finally _______ the hope of finding an effective way to save the dying man.

A. abandoned                     B. released                         C. discouraged                            D. resigned

高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Some researchers are finding that daydreaming may be important to ________ mental health .Daydreaming ,they say, is ________ good means of relaxation.

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Envy seems to be bad-but it doesn't have to be. Researchers are finding that, if approached the right way, there can actually be an advantage.

Psychologists classify envy in two ways: negative and positive. With positive envy, you are motivated by another person's success and struggle to follow it. With negative envy, you want to cut the advantaged person down so you look better by comparison. Let's say you feel sufferings of envy after your rival(对手) at another firm gets promoted. Negative envy might drive you to destroy his success, but positive envy would inspire you to work harder and get promoted, too.

Studies show positive envy can be a great motivator(动力). In a 2011 study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers in the Netherlands conducted a series of experiments with more than 200 university students. Researchers found that when they caused feelings of positive envy----as opposed to admiration or negative envy----in the students, it drove them to want to study more and perform better on a test measuring creativity and intelligence. While admiration may feel better, the researchers found, it doesn't motivate performance like the pain and frustration of envy.

“Those painful sufferings of envy are there for an evolutionary(进化的) reason,” says Texas Christian University researcher Sarah E. Hill, “warning us that someone has something of importance to us.” Building on this theory, Dr. Hill and others conducted a series of experiments, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, to test whether envy improves attention and memory----the tools needed to copy a rival's steps to success. In one experiment, half of the participants were asked to recall past feelings of envy; the other half weren't. The two groups were then shown mock(模拟的) interviews of imaginary peers. The group filled with envy paid closer attention and better recalled details about the interview subjects. In other words, envy made them more astute（机敏的）. Not only can envy motivate us to reach for higher goals, it may even give us the cognitive push to get there.

1.What’s the bad effect of negative envy?

A. It makes you lose heart and gets discouraged.

B. It has you feel motivated.

C. It makes you harm or hurt others on purpose.

D. It reminds you to struggle to follow your dreams.

2.What’s the benefit of positive envy?

A. It inspires you to find a possible rival to try to defeat them.

B. It encourages you to work harder with a positive attitude.

C. It won’t hurt your opponents in the same firm.

D. It won’t destroy your success at another firm.

3.Compared to admiration, positive envy can__________.

A. make you feel worse in all sides

B. be more likely to get you to admire others

C. make you feel the pain in your performance

D. be more likely to get you inspired to get success

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Envy seems to be bad.

B. Keep your envy in secret.

C. Make full use of positive envy.

D. Forget about your envy now.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers in Britain are driving the environmental movement to a new level. A team from the University of Warwick has built what it calls the world’s first completely environmentally friendly Formula Three racing car.

The car is made mainly of renewable materials, like plants and vegetables. The structure around the car is made from natural plant fibers and potatoes. The steering wheel(方向盘) is made from root vegetables like carrots. The engine uses bio-fuel made from vegetable oil and waste chocolate.

The new racing car is extremely fast. The car has a top speed of two hundred fifteen kilometers an hour. And it can go from zero to ninety-five kilometers an hour in just two and a half seconds. The racing car meets all of the Formula Three racing requirements except for its biodiesel(生物柴油) engine.

Automobile racing is one of the most widely watched sports in the world. But it is also considered one of the least friendly sports to the environment. Racing cars burn a lot of fuel, and create a lot of air pollution. In recent years, the racing industry has taken steps to protect the environment. More racing companies are now producing cars that use less energy. These cars produce less pollution than cars that depend on traditional fuel, like gasoline.

Last month, the new racing car was set to run in its first competitive race at the Formula Three Championship Final at Brands Hatch. It would have been the first biodiesel-powered car to race at Formula Three. Current Formula Three rules let only gasoline-powered car to compete. Officials needed permission from all of the Formula Three racers for the biodiesel-powered car to compete. They were unable to contact one of the drivers, so the new racing car didn’t appear in the event. In test runs, the new racing car was the fifth fastest among the Formula Three race cars. Supporters are hoping to have the fuel problem solved in time to compete in the next season.

1.. What’s the second paragraph mainly about?

A. What materials the new racing car is made of.

B. Why researchers built the new racing car.

C. The characteristics of the new racing car.

D. The process of the new racing car being designed.

2..According to the passage, the _________ of the new racing car doesn’t meet the Formula Three racing

requirements.

A. speed                  B. appearance      C. weight        D. engine

3.. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A. the new racing car is the first environmentally friendly car

B. automobile racing could be forbidden in the near future

C. many people like to watch automobile racing

D. the new racing car will be allowed to compete in the next season of Formula Three racing

4.. In recent years, racing companies are producing cars that __________.

A. burn more fuel                  B. go more quickly

C. produce less pollution            D. cost less money

5..Why didn’t the new racing car compete at the Formula Three Championship Final last month?

A. Because the new racing car still needs testing.

B. Because officials needed each racer’s permission but failed to contact one.

C. Because there’re some technical problems to be solved.

D. Because few drivers think it is fast enough.

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析