Don't get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A UI (University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying
“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive, ” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, he will still go on. That’s because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distractions so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma for example: At 9 p.m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, the researchers advise. "I m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed access to technology, Vaidya says. "But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)-control skills.
In their study, Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But the UT researchers wonder whether something more fundamental is going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher-level reasoning.
“We want to try to understand how the brains reward system changes from childhood to adulthood, "says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. "We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe, "he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological aspects of their results.
1.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Adolescents care more about instant rewards.
B. Adolescents cannot resist temptation of bigger rewards.
C. Adolescents are most fond of texting to friends.
D. Adolescents are sensitive to the effect of their behaviors.
2.What is the underlined word distractions closest in meaning to?
A. Immediate rewards. B. The pull of social media.
C. Concentration training. D. Obstacles to attention.
3.Which statement agrees with Jatin Vaidya's idea?
A. Children should have access to the Internet
B. Children need help in maintaining their attention.
C. Parents should help children in making decisions.
D. The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents
4.What result does teenagers’ brain underdevelopment lead to?
A. Making good decisions B. Avoiding risky behavior
C. Joining in dangerous actions D. Doing things after some thought
高二英语阅读理解困难题
Don’t get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promises to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A University of lowa (UI) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.
“For the teenager, the rewards are seductive.” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager’s best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distractions so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 p.m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “I’m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed access to technology,” Vaidya says “But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse-control skills.”
In their study, Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive(冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher-level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand the brain’s reward system and how it changes from childhood to adulthood," says Vaidya, who adds that the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. “We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescent behavior than an under-developed frontal lobe,” he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological(神经学上的)aspects of their results.
1.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A.Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.
B.Sometimes, adolescents just can’t resist.
C.Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.
D.Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.
2.What does the underlined word “seductive” mean?
A.Necessary. B.Attractive.
C.Useful. D.Important.
3.Which statement agrees with Vaidya’s idea?
A.The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.
B.Parents should help children in making decisions.
C.Children should have access to the Internet.
D.Children need help in refocusing their attention.
4.What result does teenagers’ brain underdevelopment lead to?
A.Doing things after some thought. B.Making good decisions.
C.Joining in dangerous actions. D.Escaping risky behavior.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Don't get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A UI (University of Iowa) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying
“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive, ” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, he will still go on. That’s because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”
For parents, that means limiting distractions so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma for example: At 9 p.m., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter, the researchers advise. "I m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed access to technology, Vaidya says. "But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulse(冲动)-control skills.
In their study, Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive, make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes(额叶) of their brains are not fully developed. But the UT researchers wonder whether something more fundamental is going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher-level reasoning.
“We want to try to understand how the brains reward system changes from childhood to adulthood, "says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. "We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe, "he adds. For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.
In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological aspects of their results.
1.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Adolescents care more about instant rewards.
B. Adolescents cannot resist temptation of bigger rewards.
C. Adolescents are most fond of texting to friends.
D. Adolescents are sensitive to the effect of their behaviors.
2.What is the underlined word distractions closest in meaning to?
A. Immediate rewards. B. The pull of social media.
C. Concentration training. D. Obstacles to attention.
3.Which statement agrees with Jatin Vaidya's idea?
A. Children should have access to the Internet
B. Children need help in maintaining their attention.
C. Parents should help children in making decisions.
D. The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents
4.What result does teenagers’ brain underdevelopment lead to?
A. Making good decisions B. Avoiding risky behavior
C. Joining in dangerous actions D. Doing things after some thought
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The next time you get caught jumping on your bed you can tell your parents with a straight face that you are not playing, simply getting ready got a promising career in “Mattress Jumping”. Believe it or not, there are some people who actually get paid to do that! According to Reuben Reynoso, a professional mattress tester at San Francisco’s McRoskey Mattress Factory that still makes every mattress by hand, it is real work and needs some training. For a start, it’s not all about jumping to new heights or doing tricks like professional athletes, but rather about feeling each area of the mattress carefully to detect the filling. In order to do it right, every bit of the mattress has to be tested slowly and deliberately.
Over the years, Reynoso has figured out the perfect routine. He begins by placing a protective mat over the mattress so that it doesn’t get dirty or absorb the smell from his feet. Then begins the fun---he steps to the middle of an edge and then takes five steps back and five steps forward. In this way, he slowly but surely, covers the entire surface. The key according to him is to find the perfect number of jumps---Too many and he will end up destroying the mattress completely. Too few And it will not fit into the giant machine for that final sewing! Who knew a job that sounds so simple could have so many skills!
While Reuben will not reveal how he got into this profession, he will admit that it is more fun than being a carpenter, roofer, construction worker and railroad engineer---all jobs he has tried previous to finding his true profession!
1.We learn from the text that the McRoskey Mattress Factory ______.
A. is the world’s oldest mattress factory
B. make mattresses for sports
C. produces mattresses by hand
D. hires athletes as mattress testers
2.The protective mat is used to ______.
A. prevent the tester getting hurt
B. keep the mattress as clean as possible
C. protect the mattress from being destroyed
D. make the mattress fit into the sewing machine
3.According to Reynoso, the most important thing in his work is ______.
A. the timing of his jumps B. the height of his jumps
C. the number of his jumps D. the frequency of his jumps
4.We can learn from the text that Reynoso ______.
A. has been injured several times in his work
B. liked mattress jumping in his childhood
C. didn’t choose mattress testing as his first job
D. dreamt about becoming a jumping athlete
高二英语长对话或独白简单题查看答案及解析
The next time you need to get somewhere, you may be able to follow your nose. A study has found that a strong sense of smell is associated with a strong sense of direction.
Researchers conducted an experiment at McGill University in Canada. Fifty-seven adults were invited to participate in a virtual"way-finding task"in which they had to make their way around a virtual environment. They were given 20 minutes to learn about the virtual city. After having passed by each of eight landmarks at least twice, the participants were placed in front of one of the landmarks and asked to find the most direct route to one assigned by the researchers.
The participants also smelled 40 scented（有香气的）pens one at a time. After a brief sniff, the participants chose one word that best identified the smell from four words on a screen.
An additional exercise used a virtual maze（迷宫）to determine if the participants were more likely to rely on landmarks to find the way or if they used a more habit-based method built over time as people travelled the same route over and over again.
What the researchers found was that those with the ability to correctly identify the smells of the pens also had the easiest time performing the way-finding task by way of landmarks. A strong sense of smell was not identified in the participants who used the more habit-based method.
The connection between the sense of smell and way-finding likely came about as a result of the evolution of the nervous system. The original function of the sense of smell in humans may have been intended to support our spatial memory.
Keep that in mind the next time you get lost going to the dentist. It won't prevent you from getting horribly lost, but it's good food for thought along the way.
1.How did the researchers carry out the study?
A.By using typical landmarks in a real city.
B.By combining virtual tests with real-life tests.
C.By testing different senses in a virtual environment.
D.By collecting routine observation data from the participants.
2.What were the participants asked to do after they smelled a scented pen?
A.Decide whether they liked the smell.
B.Use a sentence to describe the smell.
C.Choose a suitable word for the smell.
D.Find the landmark that featured the smell.
3.Which of the following factors is better related to a strong sense of direction according to paragraph 5?
A.The way of using landmarks.
B.More experience in describing things.
C.Quick adjustment to the virtual world.
D.A more habit-based way-finding method.
4.The meaning of the word "spatial" underlined in Paragraph 6 relates to _____.
A.the situation B.the position
C.the spirit D.the time
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The next time your face turns red after tripping(绊倒) over your own feet in public, don’t try to hide it—a new study finds that showing your embarrassment actually makes other people view you as more reliable.
Researchers at the University of California have carried out the study and found that embarrassment is a good signature of a person to whom you can entrust valuable resources.
Not only are the findings useful for people seeking cooperative and reliable team members and business partners, but they also make for helpful dating advice.“Moderate(适度的) levels of embarrassment are signs of virtue. Our data suggests embarrassment is a good thing, not something you should fight.”said Matthew Feinberg, who led the study.
While the most typical gesture of embarrassment is a downward gaze to one side while partly covering the face, a person who feels shame, as distinguished(区别) from embarrassment, will typically cover the whole face, Feinberg said.
The results were got from a series of experiments. In the first experiment, 60 college students were videotaped describing embarrassing moments, such as making incorrect assumptions(假想) based on appearances. The college students also participated in the “Dictator Game” which is used in economics research to measure altruism(利己主义). For example, each was given 10 raffle tickets(奖券) and asked to keep a share of the tickets and give the reminder(提示物) to a partner.
The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, showed that those who showed greater levels of embarrassment tended to give away more of their raffle tickets, indicating(﹦showing) greater generosity.
1.According to the passage, which of the following is thought to be reliable?
A. A person who feels shame.
B. A person who hides his embarrassment.
C. A person who shows his embarrassment.
D. A person who gives away more raffle tickets.
2.We can infer from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A. it’s useless to fight our embarrassment
B. people should try to overcome their embarrassment
C. embarrassed people are not good at doing business
D. people who show embarrassment can be good business partners
3.The “Dictator Game ” is used to _________.
A. measure the students’ economic status
B. test whether a student is generous or not
C. determine the different levels of embarrassment
D. record how each student reacts during embarrassing moments
4.We learn from the last paragraph that those who showed greater levels of embarrassment ____.
A. proved to be more generous B. kept more of the raffle tickets
C. didn’t care for raffle tickets D. were less reliable
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
You finish a workout and feel great. Then you get up the next morning and your exercised muscles feel sore. You find it hard to lift your arms and brush your teeth, or bend down to pick up a book. What has happened?
Scientists call this soreness 24 to 48 hours after your exercise “delayed onset (延迟发作) of muscle soreness”, or DOMS. It is caused by microscopic damage to muscle fibers, which releases chemicals. The chemicals irritate (刺激) nerve fibers and cause pain.
Muscle soreness is a good sign. It means that you have challenged your muscles and are getting stronger. Everyone experiences it, even the best athletes. But it can be avoided by using the right exercise methods. Here are some tips:
* Warm up before you work out. This is helpful to avoid muscle soreness, but more importantly to avoid injury. It starts circulation to the muscles and warms the muscles and tendons, getting them ready for exercise.
* Stretch after your workout. After exercising, make sure you stretch your muscles for 15 to 20 seconds before they cool down. They will be warm and elastic (弹性的) so they will stretch well.
* Don’t do too much too soon. Whether it’s jogging, running, whatever workout routine you are starting, just do half of the exercise volume the first week to introduce your muscles to the exercises.
If you are already feeling muscles soreness, here are some ways to help relieve it.
* Get a massage (按摩). Lightly massage the sore muscle and gradually increase the depth of the massage. It might be painful in the beginning but it will gradually ease the muscle soreness.
* Take a hot bath. Nothing beats a long soak in a hot bath for muscle soreness. The heat will increase circulation and provide a soothing (舒缓) effect.
* Flush your muscles. Run hot (as hot as you can bear) water over the sore muscles for two minutes and then immediately switch to cold water for 30 seconds. Repeat this process five times. This has the effect of opening and closing your blood vessels (血管). It will flush the acid (酸物质) from them and ease the soreness.
* Exercise gently. Go for a slow walk and breathe deeply. This helps reduce muscle soreness by increasing blood flow to the sore muscles.
72. What is the purpose of this article?
A. To tell readers to exercise more for fitness.
B. To warn readers of the side effects of exercise.
C. To give readers advice on how to avoid and relieve muscle soreness.
D. To introduce good forms of exercise.
73. The article suggests that before exercise we should ______.
A. stretch our muscles B. have a massage
C. have a hot shower D. warm up our muscles
74. From this article we can conclude that muscle soreness is caused by ______.
A. damaged muscle fibers B. damaged nerve fibers
C. a bad circulation to the muscles D. exercise injuries
75. Judging from the article, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Only beginners get muscle soreness.
B. Muscle soreness means you have physical problems and should stop exercising.
C. Muscle soreness is a good sign because it means that the muscles are getting stronger.
D. Muscle soreness can be relieved by increasing the amount of exercise.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Your teenage daughter is supposed to be doing homework, but you catch her chatting online. She tells you that she’s talking about the math test tomorrow. Before your eyes start rolling, listen up: teens are using social networking sites for more than just gossip, according to a new study by the National School Boards Association.
The students who took part in the online survey, aged 9 to 17, said they spent almost as much time on social networking online as they did watching television. And it is what these kids are talking about online that is causing such a cheer: education. Of the students who took part in the study 60 percent reported that some of the most popular social networking topics were college planning, learning outside of school, careers, and schoolwork. They also reported posting writing and art projects that might have nothing to do with schoolwork.
Ann Flynn, director of education technology for the National School Boards Association, says incorporating (合并) social networking tools into educational curriculum (课程) is the way forward. Flynn says a school in Cleveland, Ohio is posting students’ book reports on a blog for students of their own ages, parents and other teachers to read and comment on. “If someone reacts other than the teacher, a child is much more likely to take an assignment seriously,” Flynn says.
Not only students but also parents can benefit. Now parents can go online and know what the class is doing. So, next time your child says her blog is educational, get curious, sit down and check out the blog with her. You might just learn something new yourself.
1.We can infer from the text that Ann Flynn ________.
A．supports students in using social networking sites
B．used to think badly of students’ using social networking sites
C．suggests schools set up their own social networking sites
D．suggests teachers inspect what students do on social networking sites
2.How does the school in Cleveland mentioned in the text use social net-working sites?
A．It asks each student to keep a blog.
B．It invites parents to comment on students’ work.
C．It welcomes comments on students’ book reports online.
D．It lets students keep in touch with their teachers online.
3.A student will not probably take an assignment seriously if he gets comments from ________.
A．a stranger B．his teachers C．his parents D．his classmates
4.Why can parents benefit from social networking sites?
A．Because parents can make a lot of friends online.
B．Because parents can help their children with their schoolwork.
C．Because parents can know their children’s learning at school.
D．Because parents can keep up with social development.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Next time you raise an eyebrow at the views of your friend, brother, sister or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.
Scientific consensus (共识) suggests intelligence is controlled by genes, with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a part up to this age. After this point, IQ scores become steady. But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激)from other people is important as the “brain seems to be rather like a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true—so people who share a home or workplace with the intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels nosedive as a result.
Professor Flynn analyzed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ “age tables”. He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equally bright brothers and sisters. However, children with a low IQ could gain six to eight points by having brighter brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.
Professor Flynn concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means people can raise their IQ, or allow it to fall, by ten points or more. He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialize with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.
1.What do people commonly believe?
A. People1 s IQ levels fall as they get older and older.
B. It’s wise for people to share family members’ views.
C. The intelligence changes no more during adulthood.
D. Doing challenging deeds is good for one’s intelligence.
2.The underlined word “nosedive” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A. vary B. fall C. change D. develop
3.Which of the following can help improve one’s intelligence according to Professor Flynn?
A. Staying with smart people. B. Making many friends.
C. Doing exercise every day. D. Learning from parents.
4.The purpose of the text is to ________.
A. persuade B. advertise C. entertain D. inform
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place.
There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal (信号) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help.
Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots (枪声). When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.
If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house---cover up to the holes with branches (树枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.
What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost is—stay in one place.
1.If you lost in the forest, you should _______.
A. try to find your friends as soon as possible
B. walk around the forest and shout so that your friends could hear you
C. stay where you are and give signals three times
D. try to get out of the forest and shout for help
2.When you hear two shouts, or whistles, or gunshots, __________.
A. it is an answer to your call for help
B. you can whistle three times
C. you should shout more loudly
D. you should try to run to them
3.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water, you should ________.
A. just go to the river
B. leave marks so that you can find your way back
C. make a fire so that you can have some tea
D. find some glasses or bottles before you go
4.This passage mainly tells you __________.
A. when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for help
B. how you can live longer in a forest
C. any signal given twice means an answer to a call for help
D. What you should do if you get lost in a forest
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Don’t forget to bring a dictionary next class.
___. I didn’t catch what you said.
| A．Never mind | B．I beg your pardon |
| C．That’s right | D．I’m not sure |
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析