A study has found that middle-aged and older ...

A study has found that middle-aged and older adults who live in greener neighborhoods have a decreased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征) such as obesity, hypertension (高血压) and high blood sugar.

The study, published in Environmental Pollution, was conducted by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). It differed from previous studies on the health benefits of green spaces in that it examined all of the symptoms of metabolic syndrome together collectively rather than as individual components. Having metabolic syndrome increases a person’s risk for heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

The study from ISGlobal examined data from clinical examinations of over 6,000 British adults who were between 45 and 69 years old when the study began. The data was derived from four examinations participants went through between 1997 and 2013 that included blood analyses, blood pressure and measurements of weight. “These findings suggest that long-term exposure to green spaces can play an important role in preventing metabolic syndrome as a whole,” according to a press release published by ISGlobal.

The correlation between nearness to green spaces and better health could be associated with the expanded opportunities for physical recreation and lower exposure to air pollution, according to Carmen de Keijzer, ISGlobal researcher and principal author of the study.

Female subjects were more likely than males to exhibit the study’s association between living in greener neighborhoods and having fewer metabolic symptoms. “Women tend to spend more time in their residential neighborhood, which could explain this gender difference,” de Keijzer said. “We need greener cities if we want healthier cities.” de Keijzer added.

1.What do we know about the study from the first two paragraphs?

A.Young people were not included in the study.

B.Symptoms were examined one by one.

C.It was a joint effort of several institutes.

D.It was the first of its kind in decades.

2.What does the underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Departed. B.Arrived.

C.Gained. D.Demanded.

3.Why do women have fewer metabolic symptoms?

A.Because they differ in gender.

B.Because they live in greener cities.

C.Because they live in healthier cities.

D.Because they stay more in where they live.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Greener Neighborhoods, Fewer Metabolic Symptoms.

B.Women Having Fewer Metabolic Symptoms.

C.Metabolic Syndrome Increasing Heart Disease.

D.Living in Greener and Healthier Cities.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

New research has found that young adults who smoke both tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes appear to have a higher risk of stroke than those who only smoke tobacco.

Carried out by researchers at George Mason University, the new study looked at 161,529 participants aged 18 to 44 years of age, who were surveyed about their cigarette and e-cigarette use.

The researchers also calculated the participants’ risk of experiencing a stroke, taking into account factors such as how much participants smoked, high blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol levels, body mass index and physical activity levels.

The findings, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, showed that the participants who smoked cigarettes and used e-cigarettes were nearly two times more likely to have a stroke compared to current cigarette — only smokers, and nearly three times more likely than non-smokers.

The team also found that participants who used only e-cigarettes had a lower risk of stroke than those who smoked only tobacco cigarettes. In fact, those who used e-cigarettes on their own did not have a significantly greater risk of stroke than non-smokers.

However, the researchers failed to find any clear benefit from switching from cigarette smoking to using e-cigarettes, even though many people believe that e-cigarettes are a “healthy” alternative to cigarettes, and a way to help smokers kick the habit. They also noted that the nicotine dependence and toxicity associated with e-cigarettes is worrying, particularly among young adults who smoke them for fun and the range of flavors.

“It’s long been known that smoking cigarettes is among the most significant risk factors for stroke. Our study shows that young smokers who also use e-cigarettes put themselves at an even greater risk,” explained lead investigator Tarang Parekh, MBBS, MSc. “This is an important message for young smokers who perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful ones and consider them a safer alternative.We have begun understanding the health impact of e-cigarettes and concomitant cigarette smoking, and it’s not good.”

“Our findings demonstrate an additive harmful effect of e-cigarettes on smokers’ blood vessels, hearts and brains,” explained Parekh.

“Consider this study as a wake-up call for young vapers, clinicians, and healthcare policymakers. There is an urgency to regulate such products to avoid economic and population heath consequences and a critical need to conduct further research on the benefits and risks of smoking cessation altermatives,” warned Parekh.

1.What does the text belong to?

A.A science fiction. B.A news report.

C.A short story. D.A public announcement.

2.What can we know about the participants?

A.A few elderly people were surveyed.

B.Some of them are non smokers .

C.All of them use cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

D.They have a lower risk of stroke than others .

3.What does the underlined word “perceive” in Paragraph 7 mean?

A.Think. B.Practise.

C.Predict. D.Receive.

4.What did the the new research find?

A.Smoking cigarettes is among the most significant risk factors for stroke.

B.E-cigarettes are a “healthy” alternative to cigarettes.

C.Smoking both tobacco and e-cigarettes can make young adults at an greater risk of stroke.

D.It is beneficial to switch from cigarette smoking to using e-cigarettes.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A new study has found that social media could be affecting the sleep of young adults.

The study is a project of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's School of Medicine. They found that young people who often use social media are more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than those who use social media less. The researchers say doctors should ask young adults about their use of social media when treating sleep issues.

“This is one of the first pieces of evidence that social media use really can influence your sleep.” said Jessica C Levenson. She was the lead author of a report on the study.

The researchers set out to examine the connection between social media use and sleep among young adults. Levenson noted that these young adults are possibly the first “generation to grow up with social media.”

The researchers wanted to find out how often young people used social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Credit and Tumbler. For the study, they gave questionnaires to nearly 1,800 adults, aged 19 to 32. On average, members of the study group used social media sites one hour a day. They also "visited various social media 30 times per week.”

Thirty percent of the study's participants reported having serious problems with sleeping. Those people who used social media a lot were three times more likely to have a sleep disorder. And those who spent the most time on social media were two times as likely to suffer from sleep disturbances.

Levenson said the number of times a person visits social media is a better predictor of sleep problems than overall time spent on social media. If this is true, she adds, then practices that stop such behaviors may be the most effective.

1.What's the main idea of the text?

A. The researchers focus on social media.

B. The researchers manage to handle sleep problems.

C. Doctors treat young patients.

D. Social media affects sleep.

2.When treating sleep problems, doctors are advised to ________.

A. offer some advice about giving up social media

B. ask the patients about young adults’ use of social media

C. give young adults some medicine

D. ask about the patients' living conditions

3.How did the researchers mainly carry out the study?

A. By doing online research.　　 B. By giving an example.

C. By collecting published data.　　 D. By doing questionnaires.

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A. Men are more likely to suffer from a sleep disorder than women.

B. People often using social media are less likely to have a sleep disorder.

C. Using computers less helps avoid sleep problems completely.

D. Sleep problems can be determined by the times of a person visiting social media.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

It is common for older people to forget things. Now an American study has found that memory starts to fail when we are young adults. People younger than thirty years of age usually do not know that they are starting to forget information. But scientists from the University of Michigan say the loss of memory has usually already started.

Researchers say people do not observe this slow reduction in mental ability until the loss affects their everyday activities.

Denise Park led the new study. She directs the Centre for Aging and Cognition at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Her team studied more than 350 men and women between the ages of twenty and ninety years. The study identified people in their middle twenties with memory problems.

She says young adults do not know they are forgetting things because their brains have more information than they need.

But she says that people in their twenties and thirties are losing memory at the same rate as people in their sixties and seventies.

Ms. Park says people between the ages of sixty and seventy may note the decrease in their mental abilities. They begin to observe that they are having more trouble remembering and learning new information.

The study found that older adults are more likely to remember false information as being true. For example, they remembered false medical claims as being true. Younger people remembered hearing the information. But they were more likely to remember that it was false.

Ms. Park is now using modern imaging equipment to study what happens in the brains of people of different ages. She is studying what parts of the brain older adults use for different activities compared to younger adults. Ms. Park says mental performance is a direct result of brain activity and brain structure. She says keeping the brain active is important. She hopes future studies will identify ways to improve the operation of our aging minds.

1.The passage is meant to _____________.

2. According to the passage, young adults differ from older adults in that ________.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

4.It can be inferred from what Denis Park says that ______.

5.Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Older adults with a better sense of smell may live longer than those who have a poor sense of smell, a new study suggests. The study was a project of researchers in the United States that was ongoing for over 13 years. They asked nearly 2,300 men and women to identify 12 common smells. All the subjects were from 71 to 82 years of age. The researchers gave the adults scores, from 0 to as high as 12, based on how many smells they identified correctly.

During the years of follow-up investigation, over 1,200 of the subjects died. When the study was launched, none of the adults were weak. They could walk a little under half a kilometer, climb 10 steps and independently complete daily activities. In the latest findings, the researchers noted that those with a weak nose were 30 percent more likely to die than people with a good sense of smell. The findings were reported last month in the scientific publication Annals of Internal Medicine.

Honglei Chen, a doctor with Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, was the lead writer of a report on the study. He said the connection between a poor sense of smell and an increased risk of dying was limited to adults who first reported good-to-excellent health. This suggests that a poor sense of smell is an early and sensitive sign for worsening health before it is recognizable in medical tests. With a poor sense of smell, people are more likely to die of brain and heart diseases, but not of cancer or breathing disorders.

The results also suggest that a poor sense of smell may be an early warning for poor health in older age that goes beyond dementia or other neurodegenerative(神经变性的) diseases. These often signal the beginning of a weakening of the mind or body.

1.What do you know about the study mentioned?

A.The study involved researchers from the world.

B.All the participants were of different ages.

C.The study began to be performed about 13 years ago.

D.2 ,300 men and women were young and healthy.

2.What was the situation like at the beginning of the study?

A.More than 1,200 of the participants passed away.

B.Many of the subjects were found with health problems.

C.All the subjects were independent of others when walking.

D.One third of the participants had a poor smell sense.

3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A.People with a poor sense of smell have heart disease.

B.You should be careful with your health if you smell poorly.

C.People with a poor sense of smell won't suffer from cancer.

D.Most of the elder people may have the dementia disease.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A.Strong Sense of Smell May Be Linked to Longer Life

B.Old People Tend to Have a Poor Sense of Smell

C.A Number of Factors Result in Longer Life

D.Being Ill Means Losing the Sense of Smell

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A four-year study of 200 college students found that those who drink heavily and started drinking at an early age demonstrate poor decision-making skills, just like long-term, chronic(长期的) alcoholics. Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia believe early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development.

The researches examined college students between the ages of 18 and 22. After three years, they tested them using the Iowa Gambling Test, which measures the tendency to make immediate (disadvantageous) or long-term (advantageous) choices.

Based on the students’ reported drinking habits, they were grouped into four categories: low binge drinkers, moderate binge drinkers, increasing binge drinkers and stable or high binge drinkers.

“Students in the stable or high alcohol use category, who had longer histories of binge drinking, made riskier and less advantageous choices, which reflect problems associated with planning for the future,” the researchers reported.

The study also found that only students who started binge drinking when they were younger showed impairment on the task.

“There is reason to think that heavy binge drinking during adolescence, when the brain is still rapidly developing, may have some negative legacy (遗传) on psychological development,” said Kenneth J. Sher of MU’s Midwest Alcoholism Research Center in a news release. “The interesting thing is that if we were to just look at binge drinkers and how impaired they are in the decision-making process as juniors, we’d really be obscuring(使模糊) the important issue, which is how long they’ve been binge drinkers and / or how early they started.”

1.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Four categories of heavy drinkers.

B．Heavy drinking affects college students.

C．Early onset binge drinkers are poor at decision-making.

D．People drinking at an early age will develop into binge drinkers.

2.Which category would make the most disadvantageous choice?

A．Low binge drinkers                      B．moderate binge drinkers

C．Increasing binge drinkers                 D．Stable binge drinkers

3.Early onset binge drinking negatively affects psychological development because _______.

A．adolescent students were not suitable for drinking

B．drinking too much will slow the growth of the brain

C．the brain has not fully developed during adolescence

D．drinking will make the students make dangerous choices

4.What Kenneth J. Sher says suggests that _______.

A．he is quite clear about what the important issue is

B．if binger drinkers started late, there would be no bad effect

C．the important issue is how impaired the students are in decision-making

D．only early binge drinkers will have their decision-making ability affected

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat, and experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.

“We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep,” said Fred Turek, a physician at Northwestern University.

Monday’s study from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index - a measure of weight based on height - increased.

Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights, it said. In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.

“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies. Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients,” the study said.

“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary, as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index,” it added.

“We caution that this study does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness (but) investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”

The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.

In an interview, Turek said some studies have shown sleep causes declines in an appetite suppressing protein hormone, and increases in another hormone that causes a longing for food. In addition neuropathies（神经疗法）in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap（重叠）, he said.

Patness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic（流行病） levels in the United States, it added, leading to a variety of health problems.

66. What’s the passage mainly about?

A. People who sleep less tend to get fat.

B. Fat people need lots of sleep to lose weight.

C. Sleeping has nothing to do with fatness.

D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries.

67. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Lack of sleep causes declines in a desire limiting protein hormone.

B. Americans experience sufficient sleep and fat bodies.

C. The findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may be necessary.

D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in America.

68. Which of the following is NOT close to the underlined word suppress?

A. limit          B. restrict       C. accept         D. control

69. According to the passage, which of the following people is the lowest possible one to get fatness?

A. Americans      B. Chinese        C. Japanese       D. English

70. We can conclude the attitude of the author is________according to the passage.

A. worried        B. uninterested   C. critical       D. optimistic

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

In review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women________who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of ______ heart disease by 76%.

A. a; the         B. the; a         C. a; 不填        D. 不填； a

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

In____review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women ____who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of ______ heart disease by 76%.

A. a; the         B. the; a         C. a; 不填        D. 不填； a

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

In __________ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __________ heart disease by 76%.

A. a; the       B. the; a           C. a; 不填      D. 不填；a

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析