When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels (船)can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines (多钩长线) would have been more filled with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks (带饵钩)would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now。
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline". The idea is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield (产量)that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels。. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____.
A.large animals were easily hurt in the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today
D.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
2.By saying these figures are conservative , Dr. Worm means that____ .
A.fishing technology has improved rapidly
B.the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded
C.the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D.the data collected so far are out of date
3.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that____ .
A.people should look for a baseline that can't work for a longer time
B.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C.the ocean biomass should restore its original level
D.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation
4.The writer seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’____ .
A.biomass level B.management efficiency
C.catch-size limits D.technological application
高三英语阅读理解困难题
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels (船)can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines (多钩长线) would have been more filled with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks (带饵钩)would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now。
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline". The idea is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield (产量)that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels。. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____.
A.large animals were easily hurt in the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today
D.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
2.By saying these figures are conservative , Dr. Worm means that____ .
A.fishing technology has improved rapidly
B.the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded
C.the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D.the data collected so far are out of date
3.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that____ .
A.people should look for a baseline that can't work for a longer time
B.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C.the ocean biomass should restore its original level
D.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation
4.The writer seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’____ .
A.biomass level B.management efficiency
C.catch-size limits D.technological application
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels (船)can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines (多钩长线) would have been more filled with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks (带饵钩)would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now。
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline". The idea is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield (产量)that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that .
A.large animals were easily hurt in the changing environment
B.small species survived as large animals disappeared
C.large sea animals may face the same threat today
D.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
2.By saying these figures are conservative , Dr. Worm means that .
A.fishing technology has improved rapidly
B.the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded
C.the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D.the data collected so far are out of date
3.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that .
A.people should look for a baseline that can't work for a longer time
B.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C.the ocean biomass should restore its original level
D.people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Drinking alcohol is a socially acceptable behavior in many parts of the world. Some medical experts say light drinking may even be good for your health, especially for the heart. But they say such health benefits should be compared to the many health risks connected with alcohol use.
Some research suggests that having one to two drinks of alcohol a day may offer some health benefits. Several large studies have shown that this type of moderate(适量的) drinking may lower the risk of heart disease and other diseases.
A study last year suggested that drinking small amounts of red wine may help lower the risk of breast cancer in women. Researchers at Medical Center in California studied 36 women. Each woman drank a glass of red or white wine every day for almost a month. Researchers collected blood samples from the women two times a month to measure their hormone(激素) levels. The next month the women who drank red wine were told to drink white wine instead. The white wine drinkers were told to drink red wine. The researchers found that the women who drank red wine had lower levels of the female hormone than the white wine drinkers. They said red grapes have chemicals that may help to lower the risk of breast cancer.
However, recent studies suggested that even small amounts of alcohol may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women. They found that women who drink four small glasses of wine a week increase their risk of breast cancer by 15 percent.
Many studies have examined the harmful effects of alcohol use on the body. Alicia Ann Kowalchuk serves as medical director, saying “Healthy use for adults --- that's men under age 65 --- is no more than 4 drinks in a day and no more than 14 drinks in a week. And for women of all ages, it's no more than 7 drinks in a week and no more than 2 drinks in a day.” She says too much alcohol use has been linked to liver diseases, and many other cancers.
1.How did the researchers carry out their study?
A. By following an example.
B. By listing facts.
C. By collecting information worldwide.
D. By comparing tested objects.
2.Which of the following is the most beneficial to women with breast cancer?
A. A glass of white wine per day.
B. A glass of red wine per day.
C. Small amounts of alcohol per day.
D. Four small glasses of wine per day.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
4.What is the best title of this passage?
A. Drinking alcohol is popular in many parts of the world
B. Alcohol drinking can be both good and bad for you
C. Drinking alcohol a day may give your health some benefits.
D. Alcohol drinking may do harm to your health
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Drinking alcohol is a socially acceptable behavior in many parts of the world.Some medical experts say light drinking may even be good for your health, especially for the heart.But they say such health benefits should be compared to the many health risks connected with alcohol use.
Some research suggests that having one to two drinks of alcohol a day may offer some health benefits.Several large studies have shown that this type of moderate(适量的) drinking may lower the risk of heart disease and other diseases.
A study last year suggested that drinking small amounts of red wine may help lower the risk of breast cancer in women.Researchers at Medical Center in California studied 36 women.Each woman drank a glass of red or white wine every day for almost a month.Researchers collected blood samples from the women two times a month to measure their hormone(激素) levels.The next month the women who drank red wine were told to drink white wine instead.The white wine drinkers were told to drink red wine.The researchers found that the women who drank red wine had lower levels of the female hormone than the white wine drinkers.They said red grapes have chemicals that may help to lower the risk of breast cancer.
However, recent studies suggested that even small amounts of alcohol may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women.They found that women who drink four small glasses of wine a week increase their risk of breast cancer by 15 percent.
Many studies have examined the harmful effects of alcohol use on the body.Alicia Ann Kowalchuk serves as medical director, saying “Healthy use for adults --- that's men under age 65 --- is no more than 4 drinks in a day and no more than 14 drinks in a week.And for women of all ages, it's no more than 7 drinks in a week and no more than 2 drinks in a day.” She says too much alcohol use has been linked to liver diseases, and many other cancers.
1.How did the researchers carry out their study?
A. By following an example.
B. By listing facts.
C. By collecting information worldwide.
D. By comparing tested objects.
2.Which of the following is the most beneficial to women with breast cancer?
A. A glass of white wine per day.
B. A glass of red wine per day.
C. Small amounts of alcohol per day.
D. Four small glasses of wine per day.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
4.What is the best title of this passage?
A. Drinking alcohol is popular in many parts of the world
B. Alcohol drinking can be both good and bad for you
C. Drinking alcohol a day may give your health some benefits.
D. Alcohol drinking may do harm to your health
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
38. Donkeys and camels are still widely used in some parts of the world _____ of burden.
A.for animals | B.as animals | C.as beasts | D.instead of beats |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
.Interestingly in some parts of the world, women are expected to earn money _____ men work at home and raise their children.
A.but B.though C.because D.while
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Interestingly in some parts of the world, women are expected to earn money _____ men work at home and raise their children.
A. but B. though C. because D. while
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
It’s said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _______ of milk.
A. storage B. source C. reserve D. resource
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.
Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.
Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip (硅芯片). It is smaller than a finger nail, but it can store lots of information. It is an electronic brain. Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways. In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?
Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years from now?
1.From paragraph 1, we can know ________.
A. why early human beings cut skin from dead animals
B. how early human beings discovered the tools
C. what early human beings used the tools for
D. what food early human beings stored
2.The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ________.
A. was very important to the development of mankind
B. led to the invention of machines in the early time
C. developed cooking abilities of mankind
D. was one of the first tools of mankind
3.The silicon chip is mentioned in the passage to ________.
A. show the changes of tools
B. introduce a new kind of tool
C. give an example of using tools
D. compare the effects of two kinds of tools
4.At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ________.
A. out of order B. less colorful
C. hard to predict D. full of meanings
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The part in the film________the man broke down the door made some of the audience give a cry.
A.which B.who C.where D.whom
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析