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Drinking alcohol is a socially acceptable behavior in many parts of the world. Some medical experts say light drinking may even be good for your health, especially for the heart. But they say such health benefits should be compared to the many health risks connected with alcohol use.
Some research suggests that having one to two drinks of alcohol a day may offer some health benefits. Several large studies have shown that this type of moderate(适量的) drinking may lower the risk of heart disease and other diseases.
A study last year suggested that drinking small amounts of red wine may help lower the risk of breast cancer in women. Researchers at Medical Center in California studied 36 women. Each woman drank a glass of red or white wine every day for almost a month. Researchers collected blood samples from the women two times a month to measure their hormone(激素) levels. The next month the women who drank red wine were told to drink white wine instead. The white wine drinkers were told to drink red wine. The researchers found that the women who drank red wine had lower levels of the female hormone than the white wine drinkers. They said red grapes have chemicals that may help to lower the risk of breast cancer.
However, recent studies suggested that even small amounts of alcohol may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women. They found that women who drink four small glasses of wine a week increase their risk of breast cancer by 15 percent.
Many studies have examined the harmful effects of alcohol use on the body. Alicia Ann Kowalchuk serves as medical director, saying “Healthy use for adults --- that's men under age 65 --- is no more than 4 drinks in a day and no more than 14 drinks in a week. And for women of all ages, it's no more than 7 drinks in a week and no more than 2 drinks in a day.” She says too much alcohol use has been linked to liver diseases, and many other cancers.
1.How did the researchers carry out their study?
A. By following an example.
B. By listing facts.
C. By collecting information worldwide.
D. By comparing tested objects.
2.Which of the following is the most beneficial to women with breast cancer?
A. A glass of white wine per day.
B. A glass of red wine per day.
C. Small amounts of alcohol per day.
D. Four small glasses of wine per day.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
4.What is the best title of this passage?
A. Drinking alcohol is popular in many parts of the world
B. Alcohol drinking can be both good and bad for you
C. Drinking alcohol a day may give your health some benefits.
D. Alcohol drinking may do harm to your health
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Drinking alcohol is a socially acceptable behavior in many parts of the world．Some medical experts say light drinking may even be good for your health, especially for the heart．But they say such health benefits should be compared to the many health risks connected with alcohol use．
Some research suggests that having one to two drinks of alcohol a day may offer some health benefits．Several large studies have shown that this type of moderate(适量的) drinking may lower the risk of heart disease and other diseases．
A study last year suggested that drinking small amounts of red wine may help lower the risk of breast cancer in women．Researchers at Medical Center in California studied 36 women．Each woman drank a glass of red or white wine every day for almost a month．Researchers collected blood samples from the women two times a month to measure their hormone(激素) levels．The next month the women who drank red wine were told to drink white wine instead．The white wine drinkers were told to drink red wine．The researchers found that the women who drank red wine had lower levels of the female hormone than the white wine drinkers．They said red grapes have chemicals that may help to lower the risk of breast cancer．
However, recent studies suggested that even small amounts of alcohol may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women．They found that women who drink four small glasses of wine a week increase their risk of breast cancer by 15 percent．
Many studies have examined the harmful effects of alcohol use on the body．Alicia Ann Kowalchuk serves as medical director, saying “Healthy use for adults --- that's men under age 65 --- is no more than 4 drinks in a day and no more than 14 drinks in a week．And for women of all ages, it's no more than 7 drinks in a week and no more than 2 drinks in a day．” She says too much alcohol use has been linked to liver diseases, and many other cancers．
1.How did the researchers carry out their study?
A． By following an example．
B． By listing facts．
C． By collecting information worldwide．
D． By comparing tested objects．
2.Which of the following is the most beneficial to women with breast cancer?
A． A glass of white wine per day．
B． A glass of red wine per day．
C． Small amounts of alcohol per day．
D． Four small glasses of wine per day．
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
4.What is the best title of this passage?
A． Drinking alcohol is popular in many parts of the world
B． Alcohol drinking can be both good and bad for you
C． Drinking alcohol a day may give your health some benefits．
D． Alcohol drinking may do harm to your health
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The ________ on driving after drinking alcohol is being carried out all over the country, which is helpful to reduce traffic accidents.
A．withdrawal B．prejudice
C．aim D．ban
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Heavy drinking used to be acceptable, but as drunken driving has caused so many tragedies public opinion is no longer________.
| A．accurate | B．tolerant | C．appropriate | D．reliable |
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Heavy drinking used to be acceptable, but as drunken driving has caused so many tragedies public opinion is no longer ______.
A. accurate B. tolerant C. appropriate D. reliable
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Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories lurking in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail. But new research suggests that women who regularly consume moderate(适度的) amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for obesity (fatness).
The findings, reported this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine, are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 30 to 40 who fall into the “normal weight” based on their body mass index. Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years. About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol.
Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight. Although alcohol is packed with calories, the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular moderate drinkers. The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers.
The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol. Although moderate drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk.
The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’t appear to hold true for men. A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers. Studies suggest that drinking alcohol has different effects on eating habits among men and women. Men typically add alcohol to their daily caloric intake, whereas women are more likely to substitute（替代）alcohol for food. In addition, there may be differences in how men and women metabolize（代谢）alcohol. Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change. But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism.
The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight. Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean(瘦的) woman. The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks.
1. According to the study, which of the following regular drinker is less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers?
A B C D
2.That men regular drinkers gained more weight than women regular drinkers is due to the following except ______.
A. women are more likely to substitute alcohol for food.
B. men drink alcohol much faster than women.
C. men and women metabolize alcohol differently.
D. men have different effects on eating habits with women.
3. The underlined word “whereas” may probably mean _______.
A. so B. in order that C. but D. and then
4.What can a dieter probably do before reading this passage?
A. Rush to drink alcohol to lose weight
B. Add alcohol to his or her daily caloric intake.
C. Face the weight problems alone.
D. Try to stop drinking any alcohol or wine.
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—Driving after drinking alcohol should be punished, I think.
—Sure, it is several months________ the ban came to effect in the whole country.
A. before B. until C. since D. after
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—Driving after drinking alcohol should be punished, I think．
—Sure, it is several months________the ban came to effect in the whole country．
A．before B．until C．since D．after
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Babies’ Look Changing
Researchers show that the early social behavior called look changing is linked to babies’ ability to learn new language sounds. 1.. It is when a baby makes eye contact and then looks at the same object that the other person is looking at.
Rechel Brooks, one of the researchers, made a report, showing that babies’ look changing serves as a building block（基础）for more complicated language and social skills. 2..
In this experiment, nine 5-month-old babies from English-speaking families attended foreign language tutoring sessions. Over four weeks, the tutors talked and played with toys while speaking Spanish.
At the beginning and end of the four-week period, researchers counted how often the babies changed their look. 3.. There they tested how much Spanish language sounds.
4.. The more look changing the babies participate in during their tutoring sessions, the greater their brain response were to the Spanish language sounds.
“Our findings show young babies’ social engagement contributes to their own language learning – they’re not just passive listeners of language,” Brooks said. “They’re paying attention and showing parents they’re ready to learn when they’re looking back and forth.” 5..
The researchers hope their findings help people develop strategies for teaching young children.
A.That’s when the most learning happens
B.These skills are what preschool children can gain
C.The results were really amazing
D.We can’t imagine how look changing helps them learn so much
E.However, others may regard look changing as something useless
F.Look changing is one of the earliest social skills that babies show
G.After the experiment ended, the researchers brought the babies back to the lab
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Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive（原始的）humans were closer to the animals because they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating（减轻）symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component（不可或缺的成分）of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were always used in combination with some form of ritual（礼仪）to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.
One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational（理性的）thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics（道德）. Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived（源自于） from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis（论点）, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.
1. The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.
A. Sentence 1 B. Sentence 2
C. Sentence 3 D. the last sentence
2. Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?
A. Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.
B. Because they had little knowledge about the body.
C. Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.
D. Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.
3.Considering Hippocrates’ background, we can see from the second paragraph that ________.
A. he was the forefather of modern medicine
B. experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him
C. he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts
D. experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived
4.All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT ________.
A. helping patients
B. keeping oneself from harming patients
C. keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients
D. obeying rules for modern medicine practice
