[选修4:中外历史人物评说](15分)
材料 颜真卿“少勤学业,有词藻,尤工书”。唐玄宗时登进士甲科,历官侍御史等职,因为人刚直,不附权臣杨国忠,出为平原太守。安史之乱爆发,其以平原一郡独撑河北危局良久。后任刑部尚书,“军国大事,知无不言”,“累进封鲁郡公”。藩镇李希烈反,颜真卿前往安抚,面对叛军“不能屈节,当自烧”的威胁,愤然赴火。后被叛军杀害,终年77岁。朝廷赠司徒,谥“文忠”。颜真卿“立朝正色,刚而有礼,非公言直道,不萌于心。天下不以姓名称,而独曰鲁公”。史书称赞他“富于学,守其正,全其节,是文之杰也”。
唐人重书法,“工书”者甚众,颜真卿“善正、草书,笔力遒婉”,尤为后人所推崇。欧阳修得其所书残碑,赞曰:“颜公书如忠臣烈士、道德君子,其端严尊重,人初见而畏之,然愈久而愈可爱也……虽其残缺不忍弃之。”
——据《旧唐书》等
(1)根据材料,概括颜真卿的个人品德。(7分)
(2)根据材料并结合所学 知识,简析颜真卿书法为后世推崇的原因。(8分)
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
[选修3:20世纪的战争与和平](15分)
材料 1919年1月,战胜国在巴黎凡尔赛宫召开和会,处理一站的遗留问题,德国等战败国未被允许参会。5月,《凡尔赛和约》草案传到德国后,全国上下群情激奋,柏林等地举行了抗议示威;艾伯特总统、谢德曼总理等人,都以激烈的词句抨击和约。
但是,鉴于战败国的处境,德国还是同意接受大部分条款,同时提出加入国际联盟、公正调查战争责任及修改和约等要求。战胜国出于私利,拒绝德国的所有要求,还限其在5天内必须作出答复,否则将诉诸武力。6月,德国政府最终被迫签署和约。签约后,德国许多报纸都在第一版加上了表示哀悼的黑色镶边,并号召准备复仇。
——摘编自郑寅达《德国史》
(1)根据材料并结合所学知识,概括德国针对巴黎和会与《凡尔赛和约》的诉求。(8分)
(2)根据材料并结合所学 知识,简析《凡尔赛和约》对德国的影响。(7分)
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
[选修1:历史上重大改革回眸](15分)
材料 1978年底,安徽省凤阳县小岗村18户农民为摆脱贫困,暗中自发将集体耕地包干到户。1979年2月,中共安徽省委召开会议,决定在肥西县山南公社进行包产到户试点,指出:许多干部一讲到包产到户,就心有余悸,可以说谈“包”色变,但农民普遍希望包产到户,这是矛盾,必须要在实践中加以检验。会议强调试点不宣传、不报道、不推广。1979年9月,中共中央下发文件,认为因某些副业生产的特殊需要和边远山区、交通不便的单家独户可以实行包产到户,一般不加以提倡。1980年9月,中央下发《关于进一步加强和完善农业生产责任制的几个问题》,指出:“在生产队领导下实行的包产到户是依存于社会主义经济,而不会脱离社会主义轨道的,没有什么复辟资本主义的危险。”1982年9月,中共“十二大”对以包产到户为主要形式的农业生产责任制改革予以肯定,包产到户在农村迅速推广。1980年11月,全国农村实行包产到户的生产队为15%;到1983年初,这一比例达到93%。
——摘编自胡绳主编《中国共产党的七十年》等
(1)根据材料并结合所学知识,概括人们“谈‘包’色变”的主要原因。(6分)
(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,说明农业生产责任制改革推进的特点及改革的意义。(9分)
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
根据材料并结合所学知识回答问题 。(15分)
材料一 在美国宪法的制定过程中,一些政治家认为,“人民”和“人民的代表”(国会)是不同的;“人民”高于“人民的代表”;“由人民制定、政府不能更改的”宪法高于“由政府制定、政府能够更改的”普通法律;国会的立法如果违宪,“自然不能使之生效”。根据这些理论,最高法院有权审查国会立法和总统行政命令是否符合宪法。但是,1787年美国宪法没有相关规定,即未建立起司法审查制度。在初期美国政府中,既无财权、军权又无民意基础的最高法院的地位明显低于总统和国会。
——摘编自(美)汉密尔顿等《联邦党人文集》
材料二 1803年,最高法院对“马伯里诉麦迪逊案”做出判决:法院不能行使宪法没有授予的权力,国会通过的立法如果违背宪法则无效。该判例确立了最高法院有权审查国会立法或总统行政命令是否违宪的司法审查制度,从而使最高法院足以与国会或总统相制衡。
——摘编自(美)伯纳德 施瓦茨《美国法律史》
(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括美国创立司法审查制度的理论基础。(7分)
(2)根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,说明“马伯里诉麦迪逊案”对于美国民主制度的影响。(8分)
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
根据材料并结合所学知识回答问题。(15分)
材料 全面抗战爆发后,毛泽东代表中国共产党提出依据新三民主义的建国主张。他指出:共产党决不抛弃其社会主义与共产主义理想,他们将经过资产阶级民主革命阶段达到社会主义与共产主义阶段。共产党有自己的党纲与政纲,其党纲是社会主义与共产主义,这是与三民主义有区别的。但是,“共产主义是在革命发展的将来阶段实行的,共产主义者在现在阶段并不梦想实行共产主义,而是要实行历史规定的民族革命主义和民主革命主义”。因此,在现阶段共产主义与三民主义“是基本上没有冲突的”,“现在的任务,是在全国范围内恢复孙中山先生的三民主义的革命精神,据以定出一定的政纲和政策,并真正而不二心地、切实而不敷衍地、迅速而不推延地实行起来”。他呼吁国民党“放弃个人和小集团的私见,改变过去的老一套,立即实行符合于三民主义的革命纲领,彻底地与民更始”。
——据《毛泽东选集》
(1)根据材料并结合所学知识,简要说明毛泽东提出依据新三民主义建国主张的历史背景。(7分)
(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,评析毛泽东依据新三民主义提出的建国主张。(8分)
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
根据材料并 结合所学知 识回答问题。(15分)
材料 宋太祖赵匡胤本为后周殿前都点检,960年,奉命御辽。到达陈桥驿时,发生兵变,赵匡胤黄袍加身,取代后周建立宋王朝,史称“陈桥兵变”。
对“陈桥兵变”,宋初众说纷纭,《太祖实录》亦语焉不详。宋太宗赵匡义命重修《太祖实录》,说:“史官之职,固在善恶必书,无所隐晦”,“太祖之事周朝也,尽力王室,中外所知。至于大宝(皇位),非有意也”。太宗特地指出,时值契丹入侵,太祖率兵出击,一日醉卧帐中,众将士云集,强拥太祖为皇帝,此乃时势所趋,并非人力所为。
今人研究认为,赵匡胤制造辽(契丹)与北汉联兵南下的假情报,宰相范质等人不明真相,匆忙派遣赵匡胤率诸军北上抵御。大军行至陈桥驿,赵匡胤弟赵匡义等受意发动兵变,将士们把黄袍加在赵匡胤身上,拥立他为天子。
——摘编自张岂之主编《中国历史》等
(1)根据材料,概括说明宋太宗对“陈桥兵变”的解释与今人研究的结果有何不同。(6分)
(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,简析宋太宗重修《太祖实录》关于“陈桥兵变”记载的原因。(9分)
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文,根据小题的具体要求,尽可能简要回答问题,并将答案转写到答题卡上。
Do you have a goal for life? What's it? Do you want to become a writer, singer or just become a rich person?
A recent survey shows that in modern society, most people pick up practical goals, such as “earning money to buy a house and a car”, “to improve one's life quality”, “finding a good job”.
Wang You worked in a small firm (商行) in Nanjing. The job was good and he didn't have to work for extra hours. However, he felt the work was not exciting at all and the life was boring. So he gave up his job and went to Beijing in February, 2007. When he arrived in Beijing, he set his new goal as finding a good job.
Nowadays more and more people want to live a better life. This fact shows that the society is making progress and people's life goals have become more practical. One researcher says, “Everybody has his/her own life goal, which will be surely different from people to people. If one is poor, one's life goal will be to earn more money; if one doesn't have a diploma, studying hard to get a diploma will become his life goal; and if one doesn't have love, his life goal will be to look for it. But if one has no life goal, he will idle away (虚度) his lifetime. {007}”
1.What will a poor man’s life goal be according to this passage? ( 回答词数不超过4个)
____________________________________________________________________
2.Why does the writer mention Wang You? ( 回答词数不超过12个)
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3.Give a short title for this article. (回答词数不超过6个)
____________________________________________________________________
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
把下列中文翻译成英文
1.我希望尽快收到你的照片。(hope)
2.多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good)
3.今天下午我没空,我和牙医有约。(appointment)
4.你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式,不然就要迟到了。(or)
5.这款手机式样新颖,携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular)
6.他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务,同事们对他刮目相看。(so)
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)。
[1] Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we think to use as adults. That’s unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying hello—it is recognition of another’s worth. How might the world change—how might we change—if we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Here’s what I’ve learned.
[2] It can boost (促进) productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids’ productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.
[3] Environments influence friendliness, One study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And researchers say, pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similarly. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown.
[4] It’s a form of universal health insurance. It’s impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient (接受者)。
[5] So maybe we can make the world a better place by____________. After a month of doing it. I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being.
1.What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1? (within 8 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
2.Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests.
____________________________________________________________________________
3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 5 words)
4.List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. (within 8 words)
①________②________③
5.Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 Chinese.
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文,根据小题的具体要求,简要回答问题。
The north magnetic pole(磁极)is no longer a resident of Canada.It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.
Not to be confused with the geographic North Pole—the northern extremity of the Earth’s axis(地轴),the north magnetic pole(where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward)is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field,a process that originates about 3000 kilometers below our feet,in the outer core(核心)of the planet.But scientists are now noticing that the magnetic pole has picked up its pace.
Over the past century,the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year,says Larry Newitt,head of Geomagnetic Laboratory at Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa.Since the 1970s,this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year.
Scientists are wondering why the speed is increasing,says Newitt.One hypothesis(假说)relates it to “magnetic jerks”,sudden shifts(变化)in the rate of change of the magnetic field.There have been three jerks in the past four decades,each one correlating to an increases in speed.
If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate,it could reach Siberia by 2056.
“For most of recorded history,the pole has been a part of Canada,and now it’s not,”says Newitt.“It may be a blow to our collective psyche,but other than that,it doesn’t have a major effect on most people’s existence.”
1.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “angling”.
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2.What could happen to the north magnetic pole by the middle of the 21st century?(回答词数不超过8个)
____________________________________________________________
3.What is the main idea of the passage?(回答词数不超过8个)
____________________________________________________________
高三英语简答题中等难度题查看答案及解析