Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients( 受领者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel Prize in physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called ground-breaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.
---“How surprising do you think it is that you’re the third woman to win this prize? ”
---“Well, that is surprising, isn’t it? I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about --- that why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized? ”
Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win a physics Nobel was German-born Maria Goeppert-Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year’s winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus will mean the focus in future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
1.Which of the following best explains “ground-breaking” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. active B. talented
C. creative D. awesome
2.What do we know about Professor Strickland’s achievement?
A. She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.
B. She advocated equality between man and women.
C. She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.
D. She invented a way of using lasers as accurate cutting tools .
3.When was the second Nobel Prize in physics awarded to woman?
A. in 1963 B. in 1985
C. in 1903 D. in 1958
4.What can be inferred from the statements in paragraph 4 ?
A. Woman’s achievements in physics are as great as man’s.
B. Woman’s achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.
C. Maria’s discoveries resulted from her long time research.
D. Gender discrimination still exists in the field of science research.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients( 受领者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel Prize in physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called ground-breaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.
---“How surprising do you think it is that you’re the third woman to win this prize? ”
---“Well, that is surprising, isn’t it? I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about --- that why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized? ”
Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win a physics Nobel was German-born Maria Goeppert-Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year’s winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus will mean the focus in future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
1.Which of the following best explains “ground-breaking” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. active B. talented
C. creative D. awesome
2.What do we know about Professor Strickland’s achievement?
A. She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.
B. She advocated equality between man and women.
C. She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.
D. She invented a way of using lasers as accurate cutting tools .
3.When was the second Nobel Prize in physics awarded to woman?
A. in 1963 B. in 1985
C. in 1903 D. in 1958
4.What can be inferred from the statements in paragraph 4 ?
A. Woman’s achievements in physics are as great as man’s.
B. Woman’s achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.
C. Maria’s discoveries resulted from her long time research.
D. Gender discrimination still exists in the field of science research.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Last week, Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel prize for physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists — past and present — who actually deserve the prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub(冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a £2.3m Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to the Guardian: “I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a Nobel prize.”
Lene Hau
Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Hau’s year?
Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel prize for chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
1.When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognized by the Nobel?
A. In 1944. B. In 1967. C. In 1974. D. In 1980.
2.Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel prize later according to the text?
A. Donna Strickland. B. Jocelyn Bell Burnell. C. Lene Hau. D. Vera Rubin.
3.What do we know about the five females?
A. The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.
B. Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.
C. Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Noble prize for her work.
D. All their findings haven’t been recognized by the Nobel.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It was about five in the morning in Ontario, Canada, when Donna Strickland's phone rang. The Nobel Prize committee was on the line in Stockholm, calling to tell her she had won the prize in physics.
"I wondered if it was a joke," Strickland said in an interview with a Nobel official after the call. She had been asleep when the call arrived. "Something was wrong because it came so early in the morning. But then I knew it was the right day, and it would have been a cruel joke."
Strickland, an associate professor at the University of Waterloo, shares the honor with two other scientists for their work in the 1980s in transforming lasers(激光)into tiny tools that today have countless application. The prize money $1.4 million will he shared among the three. Half the prize went to Strickland and her cooperator Gerard Mourou, a professor at the Ecole Poly technique in France. The other half was awarded to Arthur Ashkin, a retired physicist who worked at the famous Bell Labs in the United States.
Strickland's win is historic in more than one way. It's been over 55 years since a woman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1903, Marie Curie became the first-ever woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics. For the next 60 years, no women physicists were awarded. Maria Goeppert Mayer became the second woman physicist to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963.
Strickland herself was surprised to learn she was the third woman to receive the honor in physics. "Is that all, really? I thought there might have been more." she said at a press conference Tuesday. "We need to celebrate women physicists, because we're out there. Hopefully, in time, it will start to move forward at a faster rate."
1.What was Donna's first reaction after she received the call?
A.She felt all efforts paid off. B.She was too excited to say a word
C.She was doubtful about it. D.She was annoyed at being waken up.
2.How much was Donna rewarded for winning the Nobel Prize?
A.About $350,000. B.About $2.8million.
C.About $700,000. D.About $1.4 million.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.Strickland's achievements in physics.
B.The history of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
C.Strickland's struggle to win the Nobel Prize.
D.Three women winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics in history.
4.What does the underlined "it" in the last paragraph refer to?
A.The Nobel Prize in Physics.
B.The achievement of men physicists.
C.The celebration of the Nobel Prize winners.
D.Awarding women physicists the Nobel Prize in Physics.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dr. Bake is a professor of physics. ________，he is a famous writer.
| A．In all | B．In brief | C．In fact | D．In addition |
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
—Who is the man ______ by a group of students there?
—A professor _____ research on physics.
A. followed; did B. following; did
C. followed; doing D. following; doing
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
A professor said the rise of the BRICS countries（金砖国家） is a/an _______ of the end of the world in the control of the USA.
A. barrier B. process C. aspect D. symptom
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about, and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics.”
Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected ), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million-dollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting? “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense,” Greene said. Although there are several interesting theories about time travel, he
added, the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox（悖论） is open for future physicists to solve.
When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, “make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren’t yet ready, perhaps, to learn math.”
When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important, ”Greene said. “But I think it’s really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details．”
Greene has followed Albert Einstein’s lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is “not just a matter of solving problems in an exam.” It’s about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena（现象）-- and having fun!
1.A million-dollar question is probably very .
A. direct B. difficult
C. personal D. long
2.The books by Weinberg and Susskind .
A. are boring to read B. are mainly about math
C. are popular science books D. are only popular among kids
3.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following does Greene agree with?
A. Modern physics is a boring subject.
B. Interest plays an important role in studying.
C. It is not necessary to learn all about physics.
D. It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.
4.In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that .
A. kids can love science and physics B. kids can do well in physics exams
C. kids can have fun with experiments D. kids can find more strange things in life
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict(“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation(“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young(“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”).
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
1.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
2.What can be learned from the passage?
A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistances to stress.
B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
3.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. How men and women suffer from stress
B. How men and women get over stress
C. How researchers overcome stress problems
D. How researchers handle stress-related disorder
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The U.S. Department of Labor statistics (统计) show that there is an oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there have been more than enough teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts, and other specialists. Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained people to compete for jobs that aren't there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree.
On the other hand, there is a great need for skilled workers of all sorts: carpenters, electricians, mechanics, plumbers, TV repairmen.
These people have more work than they can deal with, and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates. The old gap that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen.
The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that college degree is a passport to a prosperous future. A large part of American society matches success in life equally with a college degree. Parents begin indoctrinating (灌输) their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. Under this pressure the kids fall in line. Whether they want to go to college or not doesn't matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go. And every year college enrollments (入学) go up and up, and more and more graduates are overeducated for the kinds of jobs available to them.
One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who do not belong there. Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.
1.It's implied but not stated in the passage that ________ .
A. many other countries are facing the same problem
B. white-collar workers in the US used to make more money than blue-collar workers
C. fewer students will prefer to go to college in the future
D. the law of supply and demand has a strong effect on American higher education
2.Which of the following is NOT a reason why college enrollments go up every year?
A. Many people believe that the only way to success is a college education.
B. Many parents want their children to go to college.
C. High school teachers urge their students to go to college.
D. Every young man and woman wants to go to college.
3.By saying that“many people go to college who do not belong there”, the author means that ________ .
A. many people who are not fit for college education go to college
B. many people who do not have enough money go to college
C. many people who go to college drop out within the first year
D. many people who go to college have their hopes destroyed
4.We can infer from the passage that the author believes that _______ .
A. every young man and woman should go to college
B. college education is a bad thing
C. people with a college education should receive higher pay
D. fewer people should go to college while more should be trained for skilled jobs
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The science of physics today is as current as the morning newspaper. Indeed, as a result of new advances in physics and their rapid application to inventions designed to satisfy man's wants,the world itself has been changing rapidly. Space technology, industrial technology, and the technology of the home, the farm, the office, the bank, and the department store have all been revolutionized.
Clearly, every grown-up today would understand the world he lives in much better if he knew something about physics. Whether it be Congress(美国国会)voting huge sums of money for warships, space exploration, or atomic energy; the office staff learning to use a new computers; Son Bobby wanting to know about going to the moon; or the housewife learning to operate a electric stove, physics seems to be everywhere.
Teachers in thousands of schoolrooms in America are trying to communicate some of the excitement and importance of these new developments to their students. They know that some of their eager student will someday be scientists and will themselves then contribute to the development of new knowledge or its application to new things.
But in any case, they can be sure that if they bring a knowledge of science (any science) to their students in meaningful and stimulating ways, they have contributed much to helping each one live a more meaningful life.
1.The application of new advances in physics to inventions .
A.may solve all the problems in teaching
B.is intended to meet people's needs
C.can help people understand the meaning of life
D.makes people understand the voting rules of the Congress
2.What does the word “themselves” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.the teachers giving lessons B.the students in the classroom
C.some of the eager students D.all the scientists in physics
3.What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us?
A.New advances in physics. B.The science of physics.
C.The use of physics in our life. D.Modern developments in science.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析