One in four children and young people could have problematic smart-phone use, according to research that also suggests such behaviour is associated with poorer mental health.
The amount of time children and teens spend using their devices has become an issue of growing concern, but experts say there is still little evidence as to whether spending time on screens is harmful in itself.
The experts behind the latest study said they wanted to look beyond the time young people were spending on smart-phones and instead explore the type of relationship they had with smart-phones.
The results suggest more than 23% of young people have an abnormal relationship with their smart-phones, and that this appears to be associated with poorer mental health-although the research cannot say whether phone use is driving such problems.
“It seems like only a minority of teenagers and young people from various different countries are self-reporting a pattern of behaviour that we recognise from other addictions,” said Dr Nicola Kalk of King’s College London, co-author of the study. “The quality of the evidence is poor, but it is enough to warrant (保证) further investigation.”
Writing in the journal BMC Psychiatry, the team reported how they looked at data from 41 studies involving a total of almost 42,000 participants across Europe, Asia and America, mainly in their teens or early 20s.
These studies used questionnaires to probe the prevalence (普遍) of problematic smart-phone use-behaviours such as being anxious when the device is not available or neglecting other activities to spend time on the smart-phone.
Taken together, the team said on average these studies suggested as many as one in four children and young people had problematic smart-phone use.
Among the studies that probed mental health, the results suggested people with problematic smart-phone use were also more likely to have depression-for which the odds (可能性) were more than three times worse-anxiety, feelings of stress and poor sleep as well as poorer educational attainment.
While the team said it was too soon to call problematic smart-phone usage an addiction, they noted that it appeared to be linked to similar patterns of behaviour and emotion.
Kalk said further studies were needed to explore if these behaviours were hard to break, or cause harm-other key features of an addiction.
The authors argued that the availability and pervasiveness of smart-phones in everyday life meant problematic use of the devices posed a different and much bigger public health problem than substances of abuse or internet gaming.
Kalk said the team were now looking at whether smart-phones were just delivering addictive content, or whether there was something inherently addictive about using such devices.
Dr Amy Orben, an expert in screen time at the University of Cambridge, raised concerns, noting that the definition of problematic internet use varied considerably across studies, and the measures used were questioned.
She said studies finding little signs of problematic internet use might have been overlooked, while the research could not say whether problematic smart-phone use caused poorer mental health.
Prof Russell Viner, President of Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that parents were navigating unchartered water when it came to technology.
“One of the most critical things for parents to consider is whether screen time is having a harmful impact on other activities like school, relationships or other interests. This study suggests that this is the case for a significant minority of children and young people,” he said.
Viner said in these cases parents should calmly install age-appropriate boundaries on smart-phone use, and ask questions about whether their children were experiencing other problems.
“While screen time is a new problem, part of the solution is tried and tested-open and regular conversations based on respect and trust,” he said.
1.Experts conducted the research to ______.
A.address the concern about adolescent behavior
B.prove spending time on screens is harmful in itself
C.calculate the time young people spent on smart-phones
D.explore young people’s relationship type with smart-phones
2.We can learn from the research that ______.
A.it involved a vast majority of participants across the globe
B.the participants were asked to report their online activities
C.researchers compared different behaviors of the participants
D.problematic smart-phone use is linked to poorer mental health
3.Which of the following might Kalk probably agree?
A.It is hard to break problematic smart-phone use.
B.Internet gaming is problematic smart-phone use.
C.Problematic smart-phone use is an addiction.
D.The research still has some limitations.
4.What’s Dr Amy Orben’s attitude towards the research findings?
A.Supportive. B.Negative.
C.Sceptical. D.Unconcerned.
5.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 16 mean?
A.Screen time is a new challenge to parents.
B.Technology is posing a threat to parents.
C.Parents are lost in the sea of technology.
D.Parents use technology to chart water.
6.According to Viner, what should parents do to solve the problem?
A.Keep track of the screen time of children.
B.Strictly prohibit children from using devices.
C.Have a sincere communication with children.
D.Evaluate the impact of screen time on children.
高三英语阅读理解困难题
One in four children and young people could have problematic smart-phone use, according to research that also suggests such behaviour is associated with poorer mental health.
The amount of time children and teens spend using their devices has become an issue of growing concern, but experts say there is still little evidence as to whether spending time on screens is harmful in itself.
The experts behind the latest study said they wanted to look beyond the time young people were spending on smart-phones and instead explore the type of relationship they had with smart-phones.
The results suggest more than 23% of young people have an abnormal relationship with their smart-phones, and that this appears to be associated with poorer mental health-although the research cannot say whether phone use is driving such problems.
“It seems like only a minority of teenagers and young people from various different countries are self-reporting a pattern of behaviour that we recognise from other addictions,” said Dr Nicola Kalk of King’s College London, co-author of the study. “The quality of the evidence is poor, but it is enough to warrant (保证) further investigation.”
Writing in the journal BMC Psychiatry, the team reported how they looked at data from 41 studies involving a total of almost 42,000 participants across Europe, Asia and America, mainly in their teens or early 20s.
These studies used questionnaires to probe the prevalence (普遍) of problematic smart-phone use-behaviours such as being anxious when the device is not available or neglecting other activities to spend time on the smart-phone.
Taken together, the team said on average these studies suggested as many as one in four children and young people had problematic smart-phone use.
Among the studies that probed mental health, the results suggested people with problematic smart-phone use were also more likely to have depression-for which the odds (可能性) were more than three times worse-anxiety, feelings of stress and poor sleep as well as poorer educational attainment.
While the team said it was too soon to call problematic smart-phone usage an addiction, they noted that it appeared to be linked to similar patterns of behaviour and emotion.
Kalk said further studies were needed to explore if these behaviours were hard to break, or cause harm-other key features of an addiction.
The authors argued that the availability and pervasiveness of smart-phones in everyday life meant problematic use of the devices posed a different and much bigger public health problem than substances of abuse or internet gaming.
Kalk said the team were now looking at whether smart-phones were just delivering addictive content, or whether there was something inherently addictive about using such devices.
Dr Amy Orben, an expert in screen time at the University of Cambridge, raised concerns, noting that the definition of problematic internet use varied considerably across studies, and the measures used were questioned.
She said studies finding little signs of problematic internet use might have been overlooked, while the research could not say whether problematic smart-phone use caused poorer mental health.
Prof Russell Viner, President of Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that parents were navigating unchartered water when it came to technology.
“One of the most critical things for parents to consider is whether screen time is having a harmful impact on other activities like school, relationships or other interests. This study suggests that this is the case for a significant minority of children and young people,” he said.
Viner said in these cases parents should calmly install age-appropriate boundaries on smart-phone use, and ask questions about whether their children were experiencing other problems.
“While screen time is a new problem, part of the solution is tried and tested-open and regular conversations based on respect and trust,” he said.
1.Experts conducted the research to ______.
A.address the concern about adolescent behavior
B.prove spending time on screens is harmful in itself
C.calculate the time young people spent on smart-phones
D.explore young people’s relationship type with smart-phones
2.We can learn from the research that ______.
A.it involved a vast majority of participants across the globe
B.the participants were asked to report their online activities
C.researchers compared different behaviors of the participants
D.problematic smart-phone use is linked to poorer mental health
3.Which of the following might Kalk probably agree?
A.It is hard to break problematic smart-phone use.
B.Internet gaming is problematic smart-phone use.
C.Problematic smart-phone use is an addiction.
D.The research still has some limitations.
4.What’s Dr Amy Orben’s attitude towards the research findings?
A.Supportive. B.Negative.
C.Sceptical. D.Unconcerned.
5.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 16 mean?
A.Screen time is a new challenge to parents.
B.Technology is posing a threat to parents.
C.Parents are lost in the sea of technology.
D.Parents use technology to chart water.
6.According to Viner, what should parents do to solve the problem?
A.Keep track of the screen time of children.
B.Strictly prohibit children from using devices.
C.Have a sincere communication with children.
D.Evaluate the impact of screen time on children.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat．
A．being weighed B．to weigh C．weighed D．weighing
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A．being weighed B．to weigh C．weighed D．weighing
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
How often one hears children wishing they were grown-ups and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.
Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. What’s more, life is always presenting new things to the child — things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his parents. He is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things or being punished for what he has done wrong.
When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.
1.According to the second paragraph, the writer thinks that __.
A. life for a child is comparatively easy
B. a child is always loved whatever he does
C. if much is given to a child, he must do something in return
D. only children are interested in life
2.After a child grows up, he __.
A. will have little time playing
B. has to be successful in finding a job
C. can still ask for help in time of trouble
D. should be able to take care of himself
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. People are always satisfied with each part of their life.
B. Life is less interesting for old people.
C. Children are free to do what they want to do.
D. Adults should no longer rely on others.
4.The underlined word "responsibilities" in the second paragraph means__________.
A. duties B. jobs C. suggestions D. desires
5.The main idea of the passage is _________ .
A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains
B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard
C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one's life
D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Young children whose mothers talk with them more frequently and in more detail about people’s thoughts and feelings tend to be better at taking another person’s perspective（观点）than other children of the same age.
That’s what researchers from the University of Western Australia found in a new study published in the journal Child Development.
“Parents who frequently put themselves in someone else’s shoes in conversations with their children make it more likely their children will be able to do the same,” said lead author Brad Farrant.
Researchers of the UWA’s Telethon Institute for Child Health Research looked at the influence of how parents interact with their children to learn more about how people develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
The two-year study involved more than 120 Australian children aged between four and six, including children with typically developing language and others delayed in language acquisition（习得）.
The children completed tasks which were designed to assess their language skills, ability to infer others’ beliefs and use these to predict others’ behavior, and their ability to shift flexibly between different perspectives.
Among children with typically developing language, the researchers found that mothers who talked more often and in greater detail about people’s thoughts and feelings — commenting on how another person might react to a particular situation as well as their own feelings about the topic — had children with better language skills and better perspective-taking skills.
Children with delayed language acquisition were also delayed in their development of perspective-taking skills. This displays the role played by language as children develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
“Solving the many challenges that the world faces today requires us all to get better at taking the perspective of other people,” said Brad Farrant.
1.According to the text, to help children gain better perspective-taking skills, parents should __________.
| A．give their children more chances to express themselves |
| B．talk more with their children about people’s feelings |
| C．encourage their children to guess other people’s thoughts |
| D．spend more time playing with their children |
2.Which of the following is TRUE about the study?
| A．Over one hundred American children took part in it. |
| B．All the children had delayed in language acquisition. |
| C．The children in the study were around five years old. |
| D．Mothers helped their children to complete the tasks. |
3.Which have an effect on the development of children’s perspective-taking skills?
| A．The surrounding environments. |
| B．Mother’s perspectives. |
| C．Personal characters. |
| D．Language skills. |
4.In the last paragraph, Brad Farrant __________.
| A．stressed the importance of perspective-taking skills |
| B．expressed his concern about the world’s challenges |
| C．showed how to take the perspective of other people |
| D．explained why other people’s opinions are important |
5.According to the text, we can learn __________.
| A．parents should talk to their children frequently no matter how old their children are |
| B．it was Brad Farrant who wrote the study in Child Development herself |
| C．the only way to improve language skill is talking to children more often |
| D．parents who are always thinking about others will help their children do the same way |
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Young children whose mothers talk with them more frequently and in more detail about people’s thoughts and feelings tend to be better at taking another person’s perspective（观点）than other children of the same age.
That’s what researchers from the University of Western Australia found in a new study published in the journal Child Development.
“Parents who frequently put themselves in someone else’s shoes in conversations with their children make it more likely their children will be able to do the same,” said lead author Brad Farrant.
Researchers of the UWA’s Telethon Institute for Child Health Research looked at the influence of how parents interact with their children to learn more about how people develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
The two-year study involved more than 120 Australian children aged between four and six, including children with typically developing language and others delayed in language acquisition（习得）.
The children completed tasks which were designed to assess their language skills, ability to infer others’ beliefs and use these to predict others’ behavior, and their ability to shift flexibly between different perspectives.
Among children with typically developing language, the researchers found that mothers who talked more often and in greater detail about people’s thoughts and feelings — commenting on how another person might react to a particular situation as well as their own feelings about the topic — had children with better language skills and better perspective-taking skills.
Children with delayed language acquisition were also delayed in their development of perspective-taking skills. This displays the role played by language as children develop the ability to take another’s perspective.
“Solving the many challenges that the world faces today requires us all to get better at taking the perspective of other people,” said Brad Farrant.
1.According to the text, to help children gain better perspective-taking skills, parents should __________.
A．give their children more chances to express themselves
B．talk more with their children about people’s feelings
C．encourage their children to guess other people’s thoughts
D．spend more time playing with their children
2.Which of the following is TRUE about the study?
A．Over one hundred American children took part in it.
B．All the children had delayed in language acquisition.
C．The children in the study were around five years old.
D．Mothers helped their children to complete the tasks.
3.Which have an effect on the development of children’s perspective-taking skills?
A．The surrounding environments. B．Mother’s perspectives.
C．Personal characters. D．Language skills.
4.In the last paragraph, Brad Farrant __________.
A．stressed the importance of perspective-taking skills
B．expressed his concern about the world’s challenges
C．showed how to take the perspective of other people
D．explained why other people’s opinions are important
5.According to the text, we can learn __________.
A．parents should talk to their children frequently no matter how old their children are
B．it was Brad Farrant who wrote the study in Child Development herself
C．the only way to improve language skill is talking to children more often
D．parents who are always thinking about others will help their children do the same way
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The 2013 population investigation shows one in four people in Jiangsu will be over 65 and the number of over-85 people ________ by 2030．
A． have doubled B． will be doubled
C． will have doubled D． will double
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析