Asking for feedback (反馈)is an essential step ...

Asking for feedback (反馈)is an essential step in your design process regardless of whether your work is finished or not. 1. You may do this in team meetings. You may do this after a person stares at your works for two hours, or after you post what you’ve just created. But in your effort to improve, it’s vital to understand the characteristics that separate three types of feedback.

Reaction-based feedback tends to be casual and emotional. For example, “That’s wonderful!” Feedback of this type is driven by what a person thinks he is expected to say or what the designer wants to hear. 2. This kind of reaction has little to do with what is being presented.

3. For example, “You should include a wider range of colors and make them match.” That’s also where such feedback ends. In this form of feedback, the individual providing it is often looking for ways to bring the creation more in line with his own expectations for designs.

When you are designing something, you need to have a specific purpose. When looking for feedback, you are working to understand whether your creation appropriately meets the purpose.

4. And that’s exactly what is offered by a critique （批判性反馈）,the third kind of feedback. For example, “If the purpose is to attract kids, it is fantastic to have a colorful castle-like building. Don’t use dark cloth, and avoid large furniture.” Comment of this type helps you tell if your work has achieved the desired outcome. 5.

A.But feedback differs greatly in its usefulness.

B.Direction-based feedback begins with a suggestion.

C.Sometime you need to turn to others for their comments.

D.It’s this form of feedback that is most helpful to your design.

E.You are looking for critical analysis for strengths or weaknesses.

F.Like emotional feedback, this next kind of feedback offers no explanation.

G.It is a response to the social demands of the situation rather than the needs of the designer.

高三英语七选五简单题查看答案及解析

Feedback is regarded as an essential component of a successful business culture. Used correctly, it can improve performance and teamwork. In a recent study, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and the IESE Business School in Barcelona examined which type of feedback tended to lead to cooperative behaviors and which to competitive behaviors. To this end, 112 students of different subjects and 28 managers, all of whom had at least seven years of professional experience, were invited to participate in a laboratory experiment.

Groups of four participants played variants （变体）of a classic public goods game. Each player was given a fixed number of points to invest per round. During the time of the ten rounds, they were required to decide how many points they wanted to invest in a group project and how many in their own individual project. The rewards for cooperative behavior differed across the two experimental scenarios （方案），impacting participants, scores and finally how much money they were paid. In the first scenario, cooperative behavior on average led to a better score for the group, but to a worse score on the personal level. In the second scenario, cooperation paid off for both the group and the individual. Uncooperative behavior not only reduced the overall score, but also harmed the other players more than it did the participants themselves. After each round, the participants received feedback—either just on their own performance (individualistic feedback) or additional feedback on the performance of the group as a whole (joint outcome feedback) or on how they ranked relative to the other players (ranking feedback).

The results showed that the type of feedback received had a significant impact on participants' views of the scenario and on whether they behaved cooperatively or competitively. Participants who were given individual feedback behaved cooperatively in the cooperative scenario and increasingly selfishly in the competitive scenario over the rounds played. Participants who were given feedback on the performance of the group as a whole were generally interested in maintaining cooperation, regardless of the scenario.

1.What does the study try to find out?

A.What can improve employees' performance and teamwork.

B.What professional feedback is needed to inspire employees.

C.How the professional experience inspire teamwork among employees.

D.How different types of feedback impact interactions among employees.

2.What were the participants asked to do in the game?

A.Find at least two partners.

B.Play it more than ten rounds.

C.Set up and invest their own projects.

D.Invest every round with given points.

3.What did the participants get when they worked individually in scenario two?

A.A better score for the group but a worse for individuals.

B.A worse score for the group and more harm to others.

C.A worse score for the group but a better for individuals.

D.A worse score for the group and more harm to themselves.

4.What is probably discussed in the following text?

A.How different scenarios reward participants.

B.How participants given ranking feedback behaved.

C.How participants given individual feedback behaved.

D.How participants given joint outcome feedback behaved.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Being active in your local community is important because it is an essential part of living a satisfying life.

Humans by nature are social beings. We need to be around other people to feel happy, secure and safe. Hanging out with friends helps, but that isn’t quite enough. We need to be active in our local community.

Everyone benefits from a strong community. Being active within our society helps individuals feel less lonely, have a more vital and interesting life, stay healthy and feel happier. Being active within our society brings us inspiration, helps us succeed in business and helps us find our way in life.

Communities thrive﹙兴旺﹚ when people are better connected. Local economies expand, businesses succeed, education grows, support systems become more efficient, and so on.

There may be some obstacles on the way to being active in the local community. People may become disconnected from their community. It is a modern day reality that people turn to their computers for connection with others. This can be a great thing, but it can also go too far and we can become separated from our local, physical world society. Computers are usually at their best when used as a tool to accomplish tasks and not as a portal (传送门) into an online existence that controls our life. Online communities have become very real and they help millions feel more connected, but they must not take the place of our physical life community.

It is also common for people to find jobs online and to migrate to different locations around the world. This uproots﹙使人迁移他处居住﹚ us and takes us away from the local society we grew up in, forces us to make new friends and establish ourselves in a new community.

Becoming active in our community does require effort, but it’s well worth it. Understanding the importance of community and becoming more active within yours will greatly increase your quality of life.

高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析

The saying “a penny for your thoughts” is an English idiom simply asking people to volunteer their opinions on an issue being discussed. In modern usage, it is often stated as an indirect way of asking what someone is thinking about.

This phrase is basically a proposal (提议), and the speaker is offering to pay to hear the listener’s thoughts. It is an idiom, of course, and not meant literally (字面上的) so no real payment generally takes place.

When the saying originated, a penny was worth a lot more than it is in the 21st century. Therefore, “a penny for your thoughts” likely indicated the thoughts were more valuable to those asking the listener for them than they are by today’s standards. This loss of value can be used ironically(讽刺地), however, through tone(语气) of voice; it can be used to indicate that someone’s idea is bad or worth a penny in modern value.

The phrase is generally credited to a man by the name of John Heywood, who was born sometime just before the 16th century. During his life, he was a writer who penned many plays and a book in 1546, later known as The Proverbs of John Heywood. It is likely Heywood did not actually come up with the phrase “a penny for your thoughts”. Rather, he was simply the first person to have set the phrase down in written form. The actual origins of the term are unknown, and since his book was simply a collection of common idioms and expressions, it was probably familiar to people in the mid 1500s.

Another phrase similar to “a penny for your thoughts” is offering “your two cents” after making a statement. Someone might give his or her opinion and then say, “that’s my two cents,” to indicate the value of his or her idea. While, much like a penny, “two cents” is relatively low in value now, it would have been more valuable at one time and the expression is used in much the same way.

1.When someone says “a penny for your thoughts”, he or she ___________.

A. wants to ask you for advice

B. considers your thoughts unique

C. is curious about what’s on your mind

D. will pay for what you’re thinking about

2. The modern meaning of “a penny for your thoughts”　 ____________.

A. is more closely connected to the value of the penny

B. can differ greatly according to a speaker’s manner

C. can confuse the listener easily

D. is more popularly accepted

3. In what way is Heywood related to the phrase “a penny for your thoughts”?

A. He came up with it while he was writing.

B. He helps to explain the origins of it.

C. He contributed to the wide use of it.

D. He was the first person to use it.

4.What do we know about the phrase “your two cents”?

A. It is usually used at the end of a statement.

B. It comes from “a penny for your thoughts”.

C. It has witnessed some changes since the 16th century.

D. It is more familiar to people than “a penny for your thoughts”.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读理解。

The saying “a penny for your thoughts” is an English idiom simply asking people to volunteer their opinions on an issue being discussed. In modern usage, it is often stated as an indirect way of asking what someone is thinking about.

This phrase is basically a proposal (提议), and the speaker is offering to pay to hear the listener's thoughts. It is an idiom, of course, and not meant literally (字面上地) so no real payment generally takes place.

When the saying originated, a penny was worth a lot more than it is in the 21st century.Therefore, “a penny for your thoughts” likely indicated the thoughts were more valuable to those asking the listener for them than they are by today's standards. This loss of value can be used ironically (讽刺地), however, through tone (语气) of voice; it can be used to indicate that someone's idea is bad or worth a penny in modern value.

The phrase is generally credited to a man by the name of John Heywood, who was born sometime just before the 16th century. During his life, he was a writer who penned many plays and a book in 1546, later known as The Proverbs of John Heywood. It is likely that Heywood did not actually come up with the phrase “a penny for your thoughts”. Rather, he was simply the first person to have set the phrase down in written form. The actual origins of the term are unknown, and since his book was simply a collection of common idioms and expressions, it was probably familiar to people in the mid 1500s.

Another phrase similar to “a penny for your thoughts”is offering “your two cents” after making a statement. Someone might give his or her opinion and then say, “that's my two cents，” to indicate the value of his or her idea. While, much like a penny, “two cents” is relatively low in value now, it would have been more valuable at one time and the expression is used in much the same way.

1.When someone says “a penny for your thoughts”， he or she________.

A．wants to ask you for advice

B．considers your thoughts unique

C．is curious about what's on your mind

D．will pay for what you're thinking about

2.The modern meaning of　 “a penny for your thoughts” ________.

A．is more closely connected to the value of the penny

B．can differ greatly according to a speaker's tone of voice

C．can confuse the listener easily

D．is more popularly accepted

3.In what way is Heywood related to the phrase “a penny for your thoughts”？

A．He came up with it while he was writing.

B．He helped to explain the origins of it.

C．He contributed to the wide use of it.

D．He was the first person to use it.

4.What do we know about the phrase “your two cents”？

A．It is usually used at the end of a statement.

B．It comes from “a penny for your thoughts”．

C．It has witnessed some changes since the 16th century.

D．It is more familiar to people than “a penny for your thoughts”．

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Determining where we are _________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.

A.in contrast to 　　　　　　　　　　 B.in defense of

C.in face of　 　　　　　　　　　　 D.in relation to

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Active listening is an essential skill in learning．It is when you listen carefully to make sure you understand and learn the information that is being conveyed．61Here are some things which can help you to listen actively．

◆Listen for the main point and major subpoints．62 Listen carefully and make sure you understand what the purpose of this lecture is． As you take down notes,

keep the main point in mind and make sure you understand how these notes are related．

◆Listen for an organizational structure． Listen carefully to figure out how the ideas are organized and they will make more sense．

◆Pay attention to organizational cues．63 Pay close attention to the introduction, as it will probably indicate how you should organize your notes． If the lecture begins with, “Today I’m going to talk about three ethnic conflicts in the Middle East,” then you have a good idea of what’s going to follow． Listen for “signpost” words to indicate a transition for one point to the next, such as “next” and “finally” and numerical signposts like “first” or “third”．

◆Listen with your eyes．64 Watch the teacher and be aware of how he or she uses hand gestures, eye contact and other body language to convey points．

◆Remove distractions．

Put away the campus newspaper, your cell phone and anything else that might be more interesting than the lecturer．

Learning to concentrate and listen actively is an endurance skill．65

E． Listen carefully for words and phrases that reflect the organizational structure of the lecture．

F． Your teachers’ notes are probably organized into some kind of outline．

G． Don’t just write everything down．

高三英语信息匹配中等难度题查看答案及解析

Sugar is not an important element in bread , but flour is       .

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Empathy is the ability to imagine what it must be like in someone else’s situation. It is an essential part of what it means to be human, to the extent that we are suspicious of anyone who does not show empathy in their behavior.

1. We read novels, watch television and go to the theatre, and part of our enjoyment comes from understanding the dilemma faced by the characters because we know how we would feel if we were in the same situation.

2. One study has shown animals displaying empathy towards other animals and towards humans. Creatures from across the animal kingdom such as bees and whales, as well as domestic pets, display behavior that suggests they cooperate with and protect each other.

In another study, psychiatrist Jules Masserman and his team conducted an experiment with monkeys in which the monkeys pulled one of two chains that released food. One chain simply released the food, while another gave an electric shock to a second monkey. The first monkey stopped pulling the chain that delivered the shock. 3. This empathetic behavior was observed in a number of monkeys.

The origin of empathy is probably the need for the young of all animal species to be cared for. They communicate this requirement by crying for attention and to show pain. Both human and non-human young were more likely to survive if their parents reacted positively to their needs. People and animals alike are social beings and are more likely to work together. 4. If we help others, we are also helping ourselves and so empathy is sensible and realistic.

We don’t always display empathy, however. Just as animals react aggressively to unknown creatures from their own or other species, humans tend to regard people they don’t know with suspicion. 5. Our unwillingness to trust anyone unfamiliar is as natural to us as our empathy towards those we know and love.

A. To feel empathy is not restricted to real life.

B. You can empathize with someone without feeling sympathy for them.

C. This fear of strangers will, we believe, protect us from personal danger.

D. It seemed to be willing to go hungry rather than see a fellow animal suffer.

E. However, it seems that in fact empathy may not be a quality unique to humans.

F. Empathy plays a role in that as it allows us to understand our fellow humans better.

G. It’s certainly difficult to understand an animal’s intention behind an emphatic response.

高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

Oil is essential for modern life. About 64 percent of the world’s oil is located in the Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in getting the oil from the countries that produce it to the countries that consume it. This is mainly done using oil tankers. Usually the oil is shipped safely and with no problems, but occasionally there is a disaster.

Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore.

One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker got stuck off the coast of Alaska, spilling 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn’t the largest oil spill, the disaster was terrible because it occurred in such a sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker’s captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Many birds and otters died as a result of the oil covering their skin, and many other sea creatures and the animals that fed on them were also severely affected.

1.Which country is NOT among the largest consumers of oil?

A. Japan　　 B. Iraq

C. America　　 D. Germany

2.What does the underlined “them” refer to?

A. The birds.　　 B. The otters.

C. The sea creatures.　　 D. The birds and the otters.

3.Which of the following statement is true?

A. The oil leak of Alaska is because the captain was unfamiliar with the route.

B. Many birds and otters died from eating the spilled oil.

C. Alaska spill was the most serious spill of all time.

D. Although some oil leak is not serious, it will affect ocean life.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析