Los Angeles Times reported that researchers m...

Los Angeles Times reported that researchers may have found a way to ______ human life by changing certain genes, so that humans might expect to live twice as long.

A. extend　　　　　　　　 B. preserve

C. multiply 　 　　　　 　 D. transform

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Los Angeles Times reported that researchers may have found a way to ______ human life by changing certain genes, so that humans might expect to live twice as long.

A. extend　　　　　　 B. preserve

C. multiply　　　　　　 D. transform

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress­related disorders.

　　　 Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight­or­flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight­or­flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)．

　　　 Scientists have long known that in the fight­or­flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend­or­befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

　　　 In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

　　　 The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress­related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend­and­befriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

1.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ________.

A. turn to friends for help

B. solve a conflict calmly

C. find an escape from reality

D. seek comfort from children

2.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

3.What can be learned from the passage?

A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. How men and women get over stress

B. How men and women suffer from stress

C. How researchers overcome stress problems

D. How researchers handle stress­related disorders

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress related disorders.

Until now，psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress.In other words，individuals either react with aggressive behavior，such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”)，or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)．However，the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress.While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response，women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is，they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”)，and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)．

Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress，an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone.This hormone，called oxytocin，has been studied in the context of childbirth，but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress.The principal investigator，Dr.Shelley E．Taylor，explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer，more relaxed，more social，and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin，its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior，the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed.They may phone relatives or friends，or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.For a typical mother，coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior.The tendandbefriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress，and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

1.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress，men are more likely than women to ______.

A．turn to friends for help

B．solve a conflict calmly

C．find an escape from reality

D．seek comfort from children

2.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

3.What can be learned from the passage?

A．Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．How men and women get over stress

B．How men and women suffer from stress

C．How researchers overcome stress problems

D．How researchers handle stress related disorders

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").

Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more　 social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

1.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .

A. turn to friends for help            B. solve a conflict calmly

C. find an escape from reality            D. seek comfort from children

2.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

3.What can be learned from the passage?

A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. How men and women get over stress

B. How men and women suffer from stress

C. How researchers overcome stress problems

D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Sign up for the Los Angeles Times Book Club

Welcome to the L. A. Times Book Club, an opportunity to see, hear and interact with world-class authors, celebrities and newsmakers as they discuss their books and tell their stories. What stories do you want to share with the city? What authors would you most like to meet? Here’s your chance to help us build something amazing.

The latest

On Saturday, Feb. 15，author and former Los Angeles poet laureate (获奖者) Luis J. Rodriguez will discuss From Our Land to Our Land, a new collection of stories and essays about race, culture, identity, and belonging. Rodriguez will be in conversation with Times reporter Daniel Hernandez at the Colony Theatre in Burbank. Call 213-804- 2722 to get tickets.

On March 11, the book club authors Jeanine Cummins (American Dirt) and Reyna Grande (A Dream Called Home) in conversation with Times Column One editor Steve Padilla. Ticket information is coming soon.

Earlier, we read The Library Book by bestselling author Susan Orlean and hosted a community forum where Orlean and readers shared library stories. We also took a deep dive to explore what L. A. is reading right now and showed book lovers how to read for free with library apps.

Get in touch

Want to know more? Sign up for our newsletter (简讯) in the subscription box, and we’ll keep you informed of book club news and upcoming events.

Want to share an idea? On Twitter, you can reach us @Latimesbooks. Or send an email to bookclub© latimes. com.

1.What is special about the L. A. Times Book Club?

A.It has all kinds of library apps.

B.It gives readers access to different cultures.

C.It provides information about some celebrities.

D.It invites you to communicate with great authors.

2.Which author will you meet if you book a ticket now?

A.Susan Orlean. B.Jeanine Cummins.

C.Luis J. Rodriguez. D.Reyna Grande.

3.How can you get more information from the Club?

A.Subscribe to the club news.

B.Contact the club @latimeshooks.

C.Call the organizer.

D.Send an email to bookclub©Latimes. com.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers have found that being grateful isn’t just a nice personal quality that leads to good manners. I also leads to a great payoff. By being truly thankful for all that life provides, a child has more chance of being emotionally, and socially Successful.

“Gratitude opens your mind and lets you recognize the goodness in your life,” says Froh, a psychology professor who has conducted eight studios on gratitude over the past three years. According to Froh, a grateful child feels more connected and loved. After all, if he’s able to understand that many others care enough to make an effort for him, his life is improved. When older children aged 14 to 19 are able to acknowledge their good fortune, they’re more likely to be happy and experience lower levels of depression, envy and selfness.

For the past decade, experts like Froh have been conducting “gratitude interventions(干预)”, in which kids are encouraged to do a series of exercises, from writing a thank-you note to reciting it to make a gratitude journal, Overall, the results have been encouraging: Just in comparison with adults, it seems that children become more grateful.

Yet there remains much to be learned about children and gratitude. There’s some evidence suggesting that girls are more grateful than boys, Also, Froh says that while there’s not yet any hard data, there’s possibility that a child’s ability to be grateful depends on his or her age. One study looked at gratitude and life satisfaction in kids aged 3 to 9 and found that only 7 to 9-year-olds followed the example set by their parents in their ability to feel true gratitude. Most 3 to 6-year-olds don’t have the emotional development to see outside themselves enough to be truly grateful.

So how do people apply these newfound scientific findings? Froh encourages parents not to command children to express their thanks, but to let them show gratitude in whatever way is most comfortable. As Froh points out, children learn best when grown-ups model the very behavior they’d like to see in their kids.

1.What can we know about children who are grateful?

A.They are less likely to feel depressed.

B.They seem to be more thoughtful.

C.They feel proud of others’ good fortune.

D.They attach importance to selfness.

2.How do the experts conduct gratitude interventions?

A.By asking kids to do hard work.

B.By comparing kids with adults.

C.By guiding kids to follow good examples.

D.By encouraging kids to express their thanks.

3.What does Froh advise parents to do?

A.Show kids true gratitude.

B.Set a good example to kids.

C.Provide a comfortable life for kids.

D.Tell kids how to express gratitude.

4.What may be the best title for the text?

A.A New Scientific Finding

B.The Power of Gratitude

C.Children and Gratitude

D.How to Express Gratitude

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers have found that being grateful isn’t just a nice personal quality that leads to good manners. I also leads to a great payoff. By being truly thankful for all that life provides, a child has more chance of being emotionally, and socially Successful.

“Gratitude opens your mind and lets you recognize the goodness in your life,” says Froh, a psychology professor who has conducted eight studios on gratitude over the past three years. According to Froh, a grateful child feels more connected and loved. After all, if he’s able to understand that many others care enough to make an effort for him, his life is improved. When older children aged 14 to 19 are able to acknowledge their good fortune, they’re more likely to be happy and experience lower levels of depression, envy and selfness.

For the past decade, experts like Froh have been conducting “gratitude interventions(干预)”, in which kids are encouraged to do a series of exercises, from writing a thank-you note to reciting it to make a gratitude journal, Overall, the results have been encouraging: Just in comparison with adults, it seems that children become more grateful.

Yet there remains much to be learned about children and gratitude. There’s some evidence suggesting that girls are more grateful than boys, Also, Froh says that while there’s not yet any hard data, there’s possibility that a child’s ability to be grateful depends on his or her age. One study looked at gratitude and life satisfaction in kids aged 3 to 9 and found that only 7 to 9-year-olds followed the example set by their parents in their ability to feel true gratitude. Most 3 to 6-year-olds don’t have the emotional development to see outside themselves enough to be truly grateful.

So how do people apply these newfound scientific findings? Froh encourages parents not to command children to express their thanks, but to let them show gratitude in whatever way is most comfortable. As Froh points out, children learn best when grown-ups model the very behavior they’d like to see in their kids.

1.What can we know about children who are grateful?

A. They are less likely to feel depressed.

B. They seem to be more thoughtful.

C. They feel proud of others’ good fortune.

D. They attach importance to selfness.

2.How do the experts conduct gratitude interventions?

A. By asking kids to do hard work.

B. By comparing kids with adults.

C. By guiding kids to follow good examples.

D. By encouraging kids to express their thanks.

3.What does Froh advise parents to do?

A. Show kids true gratitude.

B. Set a good example to kids.

C. Provide a comfortable life for kids.

D. Tell kids how to express gratitude.

4.What may be the best title for the text?

A. A New Scientific Finding

B. The Power of Gratitude

C. Children and Gratitude

D. How to Express Gratitude

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Researchers from the University of Michigan have found that astronauts’ brains change shape during spaceflight. It is the first study1.(look) into how the brain changes in space. Researchers looked at high-tech MRI(磁共振成像)pictures of the brains of 26 astronauts who spent time in space. Twelve of the2.(astronaut) spent two weeks on the Space Shuttle, and 14 spent six months on the International Space Station. All of them3.(experience) increases and decreases in the size of 4.(differ) parts of the brain. The longer an astronaut spent in space ,the 5.(big) the size differences were.

The research produced some6.(interest) findings. One was that on gravity means fluids do not drop in the body, 7.there is a shift in the brain’s position inside the skull. The brain becomes either smaller or bigger. The findings could help doctors to treat problems that affect the brain’s function. They could treat people with problems　 8.(cause)by long-term bed rest. They could also help those who have a build-up of fluid in the brain, which can lead9.brain damage. We will understand more about 10.neurons(神经元)in the brain connect. The findings will also help future trips to Mars.

高三英语短文填空困难题查看答案及解析

Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).

Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.

RMIT’s Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.”

The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected.

“If math doesn’t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer.

Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.

Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.

1.What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered?

A. The relationship between brain size and brain power.

B. Long-term rules and short term working memory.

C. Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.

D. Bees can do basic mathematics.

2.According to Adrian Dyer, bees’ numerical cognition ________.

A. requires addition and subtraction two complex processing

B. has a possible effect on the future development of AI

C. only involves their short-term working memory

D. calls for a lot of maths knowledge

3.What does the finding of the new research suggest?

A. Bees can recogize the exact number.

B. Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.

C. Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.

D. Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of Bees

B. New Findings About Bees Having Numerical Cogintion

C. Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of Processing

D. The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析