During a research experiment, a biologist placed a shark into a large tank and then ______ several small fish into the tank. As you would ______, the shark quickly swam around the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish.
The biologist then ______ a strong piece of clear glass into the tank, creating two ______ tanks. She then put the shark on one side of the glass and a new set of fish on the other.______, the shark quickly attacked. This time, however, the shark ______ because it knocked hard against the glass.______, the shark kept repeating this behavior every few minutes, but ______. Meanwhile, the fish swam around ______ in the other part. Eventually, about an hour into the experiment, the shark ______. This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less ______ and made fewer attempts to attack the fish, until eventually the shark got ______ hitting the glass divider and simply stopped attacking. The biologist then ______ the fiberglass divider, but the shark didn’t attack. The shark was trained to believe a/an ______ existed between it and the smaller fish, even when the fish swam ______ they wished, free from harm.
Many of us, after ______ setbacks and failures, readily give up and stop trying. Like the shark in the story, we believe that ______ we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful.______, we continue to see a barrier in our heads, even when no 4 real, barrier exists ______ where we are and where we want to go, we ______ see obstacles in our heads.
1.A. recognized B. refreshed C. reflected D. released
2.A. demand B. expect C. believe D. require
3.A. identified B. provided C. inserted D. transported
4.A. separate B. opposite C. relevant D. connected
5.A. Meanwhile B. Yet C. Instead D. Again
6.A. fainted B. sank C. bounced D. rushed
7.A. Excited B. Frustrated C. Determined D. Satisfied
8.A. in order B. in vain C. in pain D. in secret
9.A. undefeated B. unchallenged C. unnoticed D. unharmed
10.A. gave up B. broke away C. knocked off D. let out
11.A. aggressive B. calm C. accurate D. curious
12.A. sure about B. involved in C. tired of D. familiar with
13.A. replayed B. replaced C. rebuilt D. removed
14.A. distance B. barrier C. gap D. edge
15.A. whatever B. wherever C. however D. whenever
16.A. overcoming B. observing C. experiencing D. forgetting
17.A. though B. unless C. while D. if
18.A. In addition B. In other words C. As a result D. Above all
19.A. between B. among C. with D. around
20.A. suddenly B. constantly C. finally D. carefully
高二英语完形填空中等难度题
During a research experiment, a biologist placed a shark into a large tank and then ______ several small fish into the tank. As you would ______, the shark quickly swam around the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish.
The biologist then ______ a strong piece of clear glass into the tank, creating two ______ tanks. She then put the shark on one side of the glass and a new set of fish on the other.______, the shark quickly attacked. This time, however, the shark ______ because it knocked hard against the glass.______, the shark kept repeating this behavior every few minutes, but ______. Meanwhile, the fish swam around ______ in the other part. Eventually, about an hour into the experiment, the shark ______. This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less ______ and made fewer attempts to attack the fish, until eventually the shark got ______ hitting the glass divider and simply stopped attacking. The biologist then ______ the fiberglass divider, but the shark didn’t attack. The shark was trained to believe a/an ______ existed between it and the smaller fish, even when the fish swam ______ they wished, free from harm.
Many of us, after ______ setbacks and failures, readily give up and stop trying. Like the shark in the story, we believe that ______ we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful.______, we continue to see a barrier in our heads, even when no 4 real, barrier exists ______ where we are and where we want to go, we ______ see obstacles in our heads.
1.A. recognized B. refreshed C. reflected D. released
2.A. demand B. expect C. believe D. require
3.A. identified B. provided C. inserted D. transported
4.A. separate B. opposite C. relevant D. connected
5.A. Meanwhile B. Yet C. Instead D. Again
6.A. fainted B. sank C. bounced D. rushed
7.A. Excited B. Frustrated C. Determined D. Satisfied
8.A. in order B. in vain C. in pain D. in secret
9.A. undefeated B. unchallenged C. unnoticed D. unharmed
10.A. gave up B. broke away C. knocked off D. let out
11.A. aggressive B. calm C. accurate D. curious
12.A. sure about B. involved in C. tired of D. familiar with
13.A. replayed B. replaced C. rebuilt D. removed
14.A. distance B. barrier C. gap D. edge
15.A. whatever B. wherever C. however D. whenever
16.A. overcoming B. observing C. experiencing D. forgetting
17.A. though B. unless C. while D. if
18.A. In addition B. In other words C. As a result D. Above all
19.A. between B. among C. with D. around
20.A. suddenly B. constantly C. finally D. carefully
高二英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state they don’t age.
A. for which B. that
C. where D. which
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and medical researchers have to use living things like rats. But there are three Nobel prize-winning scientists who actually chose to experiment on themselves – all in the name of science, reported The Telegraph.
● Werner Forssmann (Nobel prize winner in 1956)
Forssmann was a German scientist. He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery (手术).
Experiments had been done on horses before, so he wanted to try with human patients. But it was not permitted because the experiment was considered too dangerous.
Not giving up, Forssmann decided to experiment on himself. He anaesthetized (麻醉) his own arm and made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein (血管). He then climbed two floors to the X-ray room before pushing the pipe all the way into his heart.
● Barry Marshall (Nobel prize winner in 2005)
Most doctors in the mid-20th century believed that gastritis was down to stress, spicy food or an unusually large amount of stomach acid (胃酸). But in 1979 an Australian scientist named Robin Warren found that the disease might be related to a bacteria (细菌) called Helicobacter pylori. So he teamed up with his colleague, Barry Marshall, to continue the study. When their request to experiment on patients was denied, Marshall bravely drank some of the bacteria. Five days later, he lost his appetite and soon was vomiting (呕吐) each morning – he indeed had gastritis.
● Ralph Steinman (Nobel prize winner in 2011)
This Canadian scientist discovered a new type of immune system cell (免疫细胞) called the dendritic cell. He believed that it had the ability to fight against cancer.
Steinman knew he couldn’t yet use his method to treat patients. So in 2007, when doctors told him that he had cancer and that it was unlikely for him to live longer than a year, he saw an opportunity.
With the help of his colleagues, he gave himself three different vaccines (疫苗) based on his research and a total of eight experimental therapies (疗法). Even though Steinman eventually died from his cancer, he lived four and a half years, much longer than doctors had said he would.
1. The main purpose of the article is to ______.
A. list some famous Nobel prize winners.
B. introduce a few Nobel prize winners who did experiments on themselves.
C. describe some dangerous experiments that Nobel prize-winners did on themselves.
D. list some difficulties that scientists go through to make important discoveries in biology .
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?
A. Forssmann’s experiment ended in failure.
B. Forssmann had the pipe pushed all the way into his heart.
C. Barry Marshall succeeded by drinking some Helicobacter pylori.
D. Barry Marshall was given full responsibility for the study on gastritis at first.
3. The underlined word “gastritis” in Paragraph 5 probably means ______.
A. a kind of stomach disease
B. a kind of immune cell
C. a new type of therapy
D. a type of leg cancer
4.From the text, we can conclude that Ralph Steinman ______.
A. had his request to experiment on patients denied
B. believed that cancer comes from stress and spicy food
C. discovered a new type of cancer cell called the dendritic cell
D. tried different therapies containing the dendritic cell on himself
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Why do men live a shorter life than women? The latest research indicates that men’s hearts going into a rapid decline when they reach middle age could be the cause.
The research of ageing on the heart has shown that women’s longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose much pumping power with age.
“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 20 and 70 years of age,” said the head of the study, Samantha of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.
“Within the heart there are millions of cells which make it beat.Between the ages of 20 and 70, one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men ,” said Samantha.“This is part of the ageing process.”
What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these cells.A healthy 70-year-old woman’s heart could work almost as perfectly as a 20-year-old one’s.
“This gender （性别）difference might give the reason why men live shorter than women,”said Samantha.They studied over 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 17 and 80, who are mainly healthy persons so as to reduce the influence of disease.“The team has yet to think about why ageing suffers a greater loss on the male heart,” said Samantha.
But there is also good news -- men can enjoy the health of their hearts with regular exercise.Samantha stressed that women should also take regular exercise to stop their leg muscles getting weaker as they age.
1.The underlined word “longevity” in the second paragraph means “________”.
A．health B．long life C．ageing D．effect
2.The text mainly talks about ________.
A．men’s heart cells B．women’s ageing process
C．the gender difference D．hearts and long life
3.According to the text, the UK scientists have known that ________.
A．men have fewer cells than women when they are born
B．women can produce the cells that make the heart beat
C．the female heart suffers less loss of the cells with age
D．women will never suffer the loss of pumping power with age
4.If you want to live a long life, you should ________.
A．enable your heart to beat much faster
B．think about the reason for ageing
C．take regular exercise to keep your heart healthy
D．stop your cells from being lost
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
After years of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today’s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.
The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which are used to power a car’s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.
A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that’s not how it works. The 144 volt battery pack is actually recharged( 充电 ) through the energy that is produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to as “regenerative braking”, because it generates electricity.
Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically ( 自动地；机械地 )shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.
Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probably wouldn’t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a warning on its computer screen that says, “I am low on gas”. When it completely runs out, the warning reads, “YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS!” Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.
1.According to the passage, the word “hybrid” refers to ________.
A. a high tech discovery B. energy saving
C. a new invention D. a combination of two things
2.“Regenerative braking” is an important process of the hybrid car because ________.
A. it allows the car to come to a quick stop
B. it gives the driver a smoother ride
C. it produces energy to charge the battery
D. it can control the speed of the car
3.Which of the following is right about the EPA?
A. They designed hybrid cars.
B. They outlawed (宣布……为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels.
C. They set important guidelines that help control pollution.
D. Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals.
4.Which of the following is the reason for developing hybrid cars?
A. They use less gas than regular cars.
B. They’re safer to drive than most cars.
C. They’re more modern than other cars.
D. They cost less than regular cars
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Shark nets in place across Australia, specifically in New South Wales(NSW) and Queensland,to protect beachgoers should be dropped as they have caused more harm than good, a study has found.
The measures was carried out by some governments, including nets and traditional drum lines , and provided beachgoers with a false sense of safety. The study found the effectiveness if nets was difficult ti evaluate, while the significant damage they cause to other marine(海生的）wildlife was clear. Researches desire for non-deadly shark control measures such as eco barriers, sonar(声呐）technology , and various shark-spotting techniques.
Researchers said while the risk coming across a shark was rare, any shark-related deaths and injuries caught huge public and media attention.
One of the arguments in support of using shark nets is that just one shark-related death has been reported in Queensland since the 1960s. Similarly, since the 1930s, NSW has had only one shark-related death. But there have been at least 13 people killed by sharks at beaches without nets in the NSW north coast over the past two years.
The Human Society International’ head of campaigns, Nicola Beynon, said the government needed to move away from outdated methods.Deadly shark nets and drum lines are more than 50 years behind scientific and animal welfare standards for dealing with marine wildlife,” said Beynon.
The NSW Greens’ marine spokesman, Justin Field,said, People are 100 times more likely to drown at the beach than to be killed by a shark in Australia. Therefore, millions of dollars going into the shark net program should be directed to observation towers for our lifeguards and improving the beach devices.”
1.Which of the following do researchers focus on?
A. Beachgoers’ safety. B. The shark-related death rate.
C. Friendly shark control ways. D. Advanced shark-spotting techniques
2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. Shark-related deaths. B. Measures to protect sharks.
C. Reasons of using shark nets. D. Dangers for beachgoers
3.What do Nicola Beynon and Justin Field have in common?
A. Science os developing too fast B. Observation towers need rebuilding
C. Many people are drown every year. D. No shark nets are to be used.
4.What can be the best title for the next?
A. Are shark nets necessary? B. A new study on sea animals
C. Shark net programs D. Effective ways if avoiding sharks
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The best way to deal with these bad habits is not to _______ the habit in the first place.
A. get into B. come into C. knock into D. run into
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.
The findings came from a survey of more than 340,000 adults in the United States. The Gallup(民意调查) Organization questioned them by telephone in 2008. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five.
The researchers asked questions about emotions like happiness, sadness and worry. They also asked about mental or emotional stress.
Arthur Stone at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.
Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
Professor Stone says the emotional patterns could be linked to changes in how people see the world, or maybe even changes in brain chemistry.
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
1. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Happiness Varies with Ages
B. Experience More, Worry Less
C. The Older, the Wiser
D. Being Young, Being Happy
2.We can learn from the research that _________.
A. only when people get older will they feel happier
B. stress levels among the youngest are the highest
C. older people tend to be grateful
D. older people usually have no worries
3.According to the research, when people get older, _________.
A. they miss the old days
B. they are physically weak
C. they have better self-control
D. they are more emotional
4.What would the author probably talk about next?
A. What influences happiness.
B. How to live better.
C. How to keep happier.
D. Why women are less happier.
5.The author is intended to _________.
A. advise how to reduce stress
B. introduce a scientific finding
C. describe how to do research
D. talk about human emotions
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers found that people become happier and experience less worry after they reach the age of fifty. In fact, they say by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were when they were eighteen years old.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. The findings showed that stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. The people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.
The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Researchers say they do not know why happiness increases as people get older. One theory is that, as people grow older, they grow more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
The researchers considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
The study also showed that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men.
1.What is the best title of the passage?
A. The older a person is, the more stressed he feels.
B. The more lighthearted a person is, the happier he is.
C. The older a person is, the more clever he grows.
D. The older a person is, the happier he grows.
2.According to the researchers, what is probably the reason why people grow happier when they get older?
A. When people get older, they can’t remember bad experiences.
B. When people get older, they have no young children to care about.
C. When people get older, they learn to adjust their feelings.
D. When people get older, they don’t care about their feelings.
3.What do you think the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is?
A. A Gallup organization. B. A popular science magazine.
C. A university in New York. D. A research institution
4.What would the writer probably deal with in next paragraph?
A. Advice to the young people on how to keep happy.
B. Advice to the old people on how to live longer.
C. Why women at all ages are more sad, stressed and worried.
D. Why people will grow happier with their ages.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
How much weight a baby gains during its first month could determine its IQ, new research found. The study found that children who gain more weight, and whose heads grow quickly during the first month of life, tend to have a higher IQ when they start school.
Researchers at the University of Adelaide, in Australia studied 13, 800 children who were born at full-term. They found that those who put on 40% of their birth weight in the first four weeks had an IQ 1.5 points higher than those who only put on 15% of their birth weight. Those who experienced the biggest growth in head circumference(头围) also had the highest IQs by the age of six.
"Head circumference is an indicator of brain volume, so a greater increase in head circumference in a newly-born baby suggests more rapid brain growth, "says the author of the study, Dr. Lisa Smithers. She added, "Overall, newly-born children who grew faster in the first four weeks had higher IQ scores later in life. Those children who gained the most weight scored especially high on the verbal IQ at age 6. This may be because neural (神经的) structures for the verbal IQ develop earlier in life, which means the rapid weight gain during the first month could be having a direct cognitive benefit for the children."
Previous studies have shown the association between early postnatal (产后的) diet and the IQ, but this is the first study of its kind to focus on the IQ benefits of rapid weight gain in the first month of life. Dr. Lisa Smithers says the study further highlights the need for successful feeding of newly-born babies." We know that many mothers have difficulty establishing breastfeeding in the first week of their babies' life,” Dr. Lisa Smithers said.
"The findings of our study suggest that if babies are having feeding problems, there needs to be early intervention(干预) in the management of that feeding."
1.How did the researchers get their conclusion from the study?
A. By asking questions B. By making comparison
C. By having a discussion D. By referring to documents
2.According to Dr. Lisa Smithers, we can learn that___.
A. a kid's verbal IQ scores reach its highest at age six
B. this study helps parents find feeding problems
C. quick weight gain benefits newly-born babies on the verbal IQ
D. this study reminds parents of the need for breastfeeding
3.The study differs from previous ones that ___.
A. it associates early postnatal diet with the IQ
B. it pays attention to the IQ of newly-born babies
C. it emphasizes the significance of successful feeding
D. it first focuses on the relation between the IQ and weight gain in the first month of life
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析