Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world.
When it comes to cancer, the sooner you know you have it, the better your chances of surviving are.
A new blood test could change the way doctors and researchers find cancer in patients. Researchers say the test could provide some hints of the early forms of the disease.
Gareth Jenkins is a professor at the University of Swansea. He says he and his team did not look for cancer. They instead looked for a by-product of cancer, mutated (突变的) red blood cells. They looked for, what Jenkins calls, the collateral (附带的) damage of cancer—the damage left by the disease.
“In this blood test we don’t measure the presence of cancer，we measure the presence of mutated red blood cells which are the collateral damage that occurs—a by-product of the cancer developing.’’
The researchers used normal laboratory equipment to perform the tests. This equipment looks for changes in the structure of millions of red blood cells. Those mutated cells lack a surface protein (蛋白质) that healthy cells normally have.
“The goal of the test is looking for very rare cells which have picked up a mutation. The number of mutated red blood cells in a healthy person is around 5 or so mutated cells per million; so, you have to look at millions of red blood cells to discover those rare events. The number increases in cancer patients—it goes up to 40 or 50 on average.”
The researchers tested blood from about 300 people, all of whom have cancer of the esophagus (食管). Patients with esophageal cancer have high levels of mutated red blood cells. Jenkins says that at this point he is not sure if other cancers would produce similar results.
The hope is that the new test could one day become part of commonly used medical methods to find out if a person has cancer. These new technologies could save millions of lives.
1.What does the underlined word “hints” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Deaths. B. Experiences.
C. Signs. D. Kinds.
2.Healthy people and patients with esophageal cancer are different in of mutated red blood cells.
A. the size
B. the color
C. the shape
D. the number
3.What’s the author’s attitude to the new test?
A. Negative. B. Indifferent.
C. Positive. D. Doubtful.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A. Cancer Can Be Prevented
B. New Test Could Find Cancer Earlier
C. Scientists Have Discovered How Cancer Spreads
D. New Cancer Treatment Is Showing Extraordinary Results
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world.
When it comes to cancer, the sooner you know you have it, the better your chances of surviving are.
A new blood test could change the way doctors and researchers find cancer in patients. Researchers say the test could provide some hints of the early forms of the disease.
Gareth Jenkins is a professor at the University of Swansea. He says he and his team did not look for cancer. They instead looked for a by-product of cancer, mutated (突变的) red blood cells. They looked for, what Jenkins calls, the collateral (附带的) damage of cancer—the damage left by the disease.
“In this blood test we don’t measure the presence of cancer，we measure the presence of mutated red blood cells which are the collateral damage that occurs—a by-product of the cancer developing.’’
The researchers used normal laboratory equipment to perform the tests. This equipment looks for changes in the structure of millions of red blood cells. Those mutated cells lack a surface protein (蛋白质) that healthy cells normally have.
“The goal of the test is looking for very rare cells which have picked up a mutation. The number of mutated red blood cells in a healthy person is around 5 or so mutated cells per million; so, you have to look at millions of red blood cells to discover those rare events. The number increases in cancer patients—it goes up to 40 or 50 on average.”
The researchers tested blood from about 300 people, all of whom have cancer of the esophagus (食管). Patients with esophageal cancer have high levels of mutated red blood cells. Jenkins says that at this point he is not sure if other cancers would produce similar results.
The hope is that the new test could one day become part of commonly used medical methods to find out if a person has cancer. These new technologies could save millions of lives.
1.What does the underlined word “hints” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Deaths. B. Experiences.
C. Signs. D. Kinds.
2.Healthy people and patients with esophageal cancer are different in of mutated red blood cells.
A. the size
B. the color
C. the shape
D. the number
3.What’s the author’s attitude to the new test?
A. Negative. B. Indifferent.
C. Positive. D. Doubtful.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A. Cancer Can Be Prevented
B. New Test Could Find Cancer Earlier
C. Scientists Have Discovered How Cancer Spreads
D. New Cancer Treatment Is Showing Extraordinary Results
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Depression is the leading cause of suicide, ____________ in turn is the third leading cause of death among 15 to 24 year olds in the United States．
A．who B．which C．that D．what
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Cancer is ________ second only to heart disease as ________ cause of death.
A. the; a B. /; a
C. a; a D. the; the
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1.What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Signals of air pollution
B. Safety limits of air pollution
C. Air pollution, cancer risk
D. Air pollution, smog risk
2.What’s the main task of IARC?
A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B. To evaluate the air quality.
C. To study the developing risk of cancer.
D. To send signals to the international community.
3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1.What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Signals of air pollution
B. Safety limits of air pollution
C. Air pollution, cancer risk
D. Air pollution, smog risk
2.What’s the main task of IARC?
A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B. To evaluate the air quality.
C. To study the developing risk of cancer.
D. To send signals to the international community.
3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Cancer is proved to be second only ________ heart disease as a cause of death.
| A．of | B．to | C．with | D．from |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Medical errors and various infections, if _________, will be the third leading cause of death in the world.
A. being combined B. to combine
C. having combined D. combined
高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
Scientists around the world are striving for effective detection of cancer in the early stages,which is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body,and a Chinese scientist may have found a quick way of knowing whether malignant tumors（恶性肿瘤）exist in a patient's body,with just one drop of blood.
Malignant tumors in early phases can be cured.However,it's extremely difficult to be aware of cancer in its early stages,as patients don't show obvious symptoms and thus it can only be found in its later stages,which is already too late,so to detect cancer early remains a global challenge for scientists.
Back in 1989,scientists have found a kind of heat shock proteins (HSP),named Hsp90α,which existed in human bodies and can be used as a cancer biomarker detection kit.Scientists around the globe have been working on it since then,and more than 10,000 journals have been published on accredited magazines,yet no one has actually turned their research results into medical products.
However,Luo Yongzhang and his team in Tsinghua University's School of Life Sciences in Beijing seemed to have cracked the code,after working on the problem since 2009.The team has produced an artificial Hsp90α protein for clinical use that gains structural stability by regrouping proteins.The test kit can diagnose multiple kinds of cancer by analyzing a drop of human blood.This means they are able to "create" the protein,in any quantity,and at any time they wish to.
The kit has since been used in clinical trials involving 2,347 patients at eight hospitals in China.It was the first clinical trial in the world to test if the protein could be a useful tumor biomarker for lung cancer,and it succeeded. Now,the kit has been approved to enter the Chinese and European markets,24 years after Hsp90α was discovered.
1.Why is cancer hard to cure?
A. Malignant tumors are found too late.
B. Malignant tumors spread too quickly.
C. Its symptoms are shown in early stages.
D. No proper treatment can be applied to it.
2.What do we learn about Hsp90α from Paragraph 3?
A. It was created by scientists in 1989.
B. All magazines have covered the topic.
C. There has been a medical product about it.
D. It can serve as a cancer detection approach.
3.How does the Chinese kit diagnose cancer?
A. By regrouping proteins.
B. By cracking cancer’s code.
C. By breaking down one drop of blood.
D. By producing an artificial Hsp90α protein.
4.It can be inferred that a European with lung cancer in early phases .
A. can’t be cured in the end
B. can be diagnosed with it in time
C. has to be examined in China
D. expects the kit to come into the market
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
—Have you heard of _______ death of Nelson Mandela?
—Yes. It is indeed _______ loss to the world.
A. the; a B. a; the C. the; / D. a; /
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Lead poisoning (铅中毒) occurs when lead is present in high levels in the blood of a person. It is one of the most common medical problems found in children. And it’s important to recognize the presence of lead in children’s bodies because lead is very harmful.
Children have the tendency to go around and put things in their mouths like paint peelings (油漆层剥皮). This is one of the main causes of lead poisoning. It has also been found that children born in poor families have higher chances of getting exposed to lead.
Some of the common symptoms of lead poisoning in children are headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness and weight loss, etc.
Lead poisoning can have severe effects and can lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological (神经系统的) problems. It can also cause mental dullness and a low IQ level. There have been cases where lead poisoning proved to be terminal for children.
It’s difficult to easily recognize whether a child is affected by lead poisoning, as the symptoms of this disease can occur due to some other medical problems. Therefore, children under the age of six should regularly be checked to know the level of lead in their blood through blood tests. It’s possible to completely cure a child with lead poisoning through treatment. Usually the oral medicine chelator (螯合剂) is given to the children. Sometimes, children are given an injection (注射) for reducing the lead level. Children who have very high level of lead in their blood would need treatment for a long period of time and would also be put on a special diet.
Parents have to take certain precautions to lower the chance of lead poisoning in children. Cleaning the house regularly and removing shoes at the door after coming in from outside will prevent the lead particles from entering the house. Children should be put on a healthy diet, containing high proportions (比例) of calcium and iron, such as eggs, milk, fruits, potatoes, etc, which helps to keep the lead levels in control in the children’s bodies.
In short, it’s a must to be cautious and careful and protect your children from the horrible consequences of lead poisoning.
Lead Poisoning in Children
Ⅰ. 1.
* Children’s going around and 2. in their mouths.
* High chances of blood lead.
Ⅱ. Symptoms
*Headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc.
Ⅲ. 3.
* Leading to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological problems.
* 4. in mental dullness and a low IQ level.
Ⅳ. Treatment
* Making children take the chelator or 5. an injection to reduce the lead level.
* Putting children with a very high lead level on 6. .
Ⅴ. Suggestions / Preventions
* Cleaning the house regularly
* 7. shoes at the door after coming in from the outside.
* Letting children eat healthy food rich in 8. .
Ⅵ. 9.
* Being cautious and careful to 10. from lead poisoning.
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析