Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1.What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Signals of air pollution
B. Safety limits of air pollution
C. Air pollution, cancer risk
D. Air pollution, smog risk
2.What’s the main task of IARC?
A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B. To evaluate the air quality.
C. To study the developing risk of cancer.
D. To send signals to the international community.
3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1.What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Signals of air pollution
B. Safety limits of air pollution
C. Air pollution, cancer risk
D. Air pollution, smog risk
2.What’s the main task of IARC?
A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B. To evaluate the air quality.
C. To study the developing risk of cancer.
D. To send signals to the international community.
3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物质), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
1.What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Signals of air pollution
B. Safety limits of air pollution
C. Air pollution, cancer risk
D. Air pollution, smog risk
2.What’s the main task of IARC?
A. To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B. To evaluate the air quality.
C. To study the developing risk of cancer.
D. To send signals to the international community.
3.Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A. The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B. More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C. Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D. A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A senior lawmaker on Thursday warned of increasing mortality of lung cancer caused by air pollution.
Of all cancers, lung cancer mortality rate has increased the fastest in recent years, said lawmaker Yang Wei, director of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and member of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee.
Yang told a group discussion that recent studies show lung cancer is the top killer for males and the second largest killer for females, partially caused by accumulation of air pollutants.
“We always talked about smoking less to keep healthy, but one of the primary reason is the polluted air,”he told lawmakers discussing a report on the enforcement(实施) of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution.
China has vowed to strengthen air pollution control. Beijing will adopt a special air pollution control plan for the upcoming APEC meetings, featuring temporary closure of factories in the event of a pollution warning.
【写作内容】
1.以约30词概括上文的主要内容。
2.以约120词就“十面霾伏”发表看法,内容包括:
(1)你身边有雾霾现象吗?
(2)请阐述雾霾的成因;
(3)你认为如何才能有效地控制雾霾现象?
【写作要求】
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不能直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯。
.
.
.
.
.
.
高三英语书面表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
A senior lawmaker on Thursday warned of increasing mortality of lung cancer caused by air pollution.
Of all cancers, lung cancer mortality rate has increased the fastest in recent years, said lawmaker Yang Wei, director of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and member of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee.
Yang told a group discussion that recent studies show lung cancer is the top killer for males and the second largest killer for females, partially caused by accumulation of air pollutants.
"We always talked about smoking less to keep healthy, but one of the primary reason is the polluted air," he told lawmakers discussing a report on the enforcement(实施) of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution.
China has vowed to strengthen air pollution control. Beijing will adopt a special air pollution control plan for the upcoming APEC meetings, featuring temporary closure of factories in the event of a pollution warning.
【写作内容】
1. 以约30词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120词就“十面霾伏”发表看法,内容包括:
(1) 你身边有雾霾现象吗?
(2) 请阐述雾霾的成因;
(3) 你认为如何才能有效地控制雾霾现象?
【写作要求】
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不能直接引用原文中的句子。
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
高三英语书面表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.
A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world.
When it comes to cancer, the sooner you know you have it, the better your chances of surviving are.
A new blood test could change the way doctors and researchers find cancer in patients. Researchers say the test could provide some hints of the early forms of the disease.
Gareth Jenkins is a professor at the University of Swansea. He says he and his team did not look for cancer. They instead looked for a by-product of cancer, mutated (突变的) red blood cells. They looked for, what Jenkins calls, the collateral (附带的) damage of cancer—the damage left by the disease.
“In this blood test we don’t measure the presence of cancer,we measure the presence of mutated red blood cells which are the collateral damage that occurs—a by-product of the cancer developing.’’
The researchers used normal laboratory equipment to perform the tests. This equipment looks for changes in the structure of millions of red blood cells. Those mutated cells lack a surface protein (蛋白质) that healthy cells normally have.
“The goal of the test is looking for very rare cells which have picked up a mutation. The number of mutated red blood cells in a healthy person is around 5 or so mutated cells per million; so, you have to look at millions of red blood cells to discover those rare events. The number increases in cancer patients—it goes up to 40 or 50 on average.”
The researchers tested blood from about 300 people, all of whom have cancer of the esophagus (食管). Patients with esophageal cancer have high levels of mutated red blood cells. Jenkins says that at this point he is not sure if other cancers would produce similar results.
The hope is that the new test could one day become part of commonly used medical methods to find out if a person has cancer. These new technologies could save millions of lives.
1.What does the underlined word “hints” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Deaths. B. Experiences.
C. Signs. D. Kinds.
2.Healthy people and patients with esophageal cancer are different in of mutated red blood cells.
A. the size
B. the color
C. the shape
D. the number
3.What’s the author’s attitude to the new test?
A. Negative. B. Indifferent.
C. Positive. D. Doubtful.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A. Cancer Can Be Prevented
B. New Test Could Find Cancer Earlier
C. Scientists Have Discovered How Cancer Spreads
D. New Cancer Treatment Is Showing Extraordinary Results
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Air pollution is caused by the following _________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.
高三英语完成句子中等难度题查看答案及解析
Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year, and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India, according to new research. The authors estimate that without government intervention, the total number of deaths could double by 2050.
The study, published in the journal Nature, identifies particulate matter(悬浮微粒) as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality. Particulate matter, a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air, is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality.
The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place. In India and China, the study says, emissions from residential heating and cooking drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke. Overall, residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.
In highly regulated areas, like the United States, Europe and Japan, emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution. Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into the atmosphere, a process that creates harmful particulate matter. Globally, air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually, the study finds.
The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.
The study’s conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people’s homes, according to study author Jos Lelieveld. People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods, he said.
“It’s important to reduce emissions from residential energy use,” Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists. “You can’t ask people to stop eating and cooking, but you can provide better technologies.”
Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer, stroke and heart failure, according to the study. Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating (毁灭性的) effects of pollution on individual health. Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%. That risk is especially high for heart disease; the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter.
Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies. Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia, according to the report.
1.Which of the following contributes to the air pollution?
A. Particulate matter. B. Ozone.
C. Smoke D. Both A and B.
2.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Residential heating emissions cause two thirds of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.
B. 7 million deaths occur annually due to air pollution.
C. Air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually.
D. The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place.
3.What might air pollution lead to?
A. Lung cancer. B. Stroke.
C. Heart failure. D. All above.
4.What can be inferred from the article?
A. Residential energy use should be stopped.
B. Chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%.
C. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 due to air pollution.
D. It is urgent for the government to take action.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan(寿命) around the world.
It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.
The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物).
Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.
“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown,” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival — on average about a year globally.”
In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined,” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”
1.What do we know about PM 2.5?
A.It has a bad effect on human health. B.It will be controlled in the future.
C.It only comes from industrial emissions. D.It spreads to the world from Asian countries.
2.What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?
A.They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.
B.They employed the research data to calculate the effect.
C.They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.
D.They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.
3.What can be inferred from the text?
A.The key to people living longer is good air quality.
B.People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.
C.Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.
D.Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan
B.The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution
C.Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution
D.Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析