-
E
Teenagers who drink alcohol are at higher risk of becoming victims of violence, a Cardiff University study has found.
A team from the School of Dentistry' s Violence Research Group studied drinking habits in
children aged | 1-16 in England. They found not only a link between drink and violence but also
that children who drank were more likely to be hit, even if they weren' t violent themselves.
The researchers are now calling for measures to prevent alcohol misuse to reduce injury
risk. Current policy focuses on reducing aggression but this research shows that there should be
equal effort to reduce victimization(受害).
More than 4,000 children were surveyed at 13 schools at four local authorities in the North, the Midlands, London, and the South. The study found that 25% of 1 l-year-olds were drinking
monthly and 3.6% daily, with 12.8% admitting to getting drunk 3 to 5 times a year. By the age
of 16, 40% were drinking weekly and 6.2% were drinking every day. The research also showed
22.6% of 16-year-olds were getting drunk more than 21 times a year.
The study, which has just been published in the Journal of Adolescence, found a strong
link between frequency of drinking and frequency of hitting other people.
However, children who reported drinking monthly were also three times more likely to be
hit. Adolescents(青少年) who drank but didn't get into fights were more likely to be hit than
those who did fight.
Professor Jonathan Shepherd, who led the research, said a lot of previous alcohol-related
violence work had focused on the offenders rather than the victims. His team is calling for more pre-vention work from parents and teachers in the first two years of secondary school by taking advantage of the "teachable moment", that is, immediately after a student has missed school because of drunkenness.
Previous work by Professor Jonathan Shepherd has shown drinkers may be more at risk of vio-lence because of reduced physical co-ordinatlon ( 配合), poor decision-making in threatening situa-tions and isolation while out late at night.
He said,"This new study seems to be the first to show a direct link between alcohol misuses and victimization. There now needs to be much more effort put into reducing alcohol misuse in order to reduce injury. "
58. The underlined word "aggression" in the third paragraph probably means_____
A. violence B. sad feelings C. bad manners D. drunkenness
59. Drinkers may be more at risk of violence because of all the following EXCEPT __
A. reduced the physical co-ordination
B. isolation while out late at night
C. a higher frequency of hitting other people
D. poor decision-making in threatening situations
60. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Professor Shepherd' s research?
A. The frequency of children getting drunk increases with age.
B. His previous alcohol-related violence work had focused on the offendersl
C. Some children missed school because of drunkenness.
D. This new study shows a direct link between alcohol misuse and victimization.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
-
Some kids start to drink alcohol （酒精） at a young age． They think it is part of becoming an adult．They also think drinking is not that bad because so many people do it．They feel it is not as bad as taking drugs （毒品）． It is easy for kids to get liquor（酒精饮料）by using fake identification （伪造证件）．
Parents may start to notice a change in their child’s behavior if the child starts drinking． Kids who drink sometimes stop doing things they normally liked to do．They may keep telephone calls and meetings a secret and not want anybody to touch their things．They act moody（喜怒无常） and do not have the same eating and sleeping habits．
Parents need to stay involved （牵涉） in their kids’ lives． They should talk to their children about their problems to be aware of any changes．
Parents can be the best protection． Children who get a lot of love can feel good about themselves． It helps them resist（抵抗） doing bad things even when other kids are doing them． Parents can also help set a good example by not drinking and driving． They can have firm rules in the home that everyone follows．
Give the children good ideas on how to say “no” to drinking, even when they are at a party． Try not to overreact or panic （惊慌） if the child tries alcohol． How you handle it can affect their attitude． It may be helpful to talk to other parents about setting up curfews （宵禁令） and rules about parties or other events．
1.Which of the following is NOT the reason why some kids have an early start of drinking?
A．They want to show their maturity （成熟） by drinking alcohol．
B．Drinking alcohol is much cooler than taking drugs．
C．They are affected by many other people around them．
D．They can get liquor easily．
2.According to the passage, what changes may happen to the kids who start drinking?
A．Nothing serious will happen to them．
B．They keep the same eating and sleeping habits．
C．They can control their moods quite well．
D．Sometimes they act secretly．
3.According to the writer, if parents find their children try alcohol, they had better ________．
A．punish them at once
B．ask the police for help
C．ask their children’s friends for help
D．set up curfews and rules about parties or other events with other parents
4.Which is the main subject discussed in the passage?
A．Teen health． B． Teen education．
C．Teen drinking D． Parents’ worries．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-
Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted, new research suggests.
In the study, researchers looked at about 1,900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover, among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study, the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors.
The researchers selected six schools and required the children, whose average age was 7 at the start of the study, to attend one additional 60-minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school, especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children, from another six schools, continued their usual activity patterns. After three years, 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention(干预) group had become nearsighted, compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group.
It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit children’s eyesight, the researchers said. However, some research has suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine(多巴胺) of the eye. In turn, dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness.
Based on the new results, the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However, it’s important to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light, which can be damaging.
1.What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day?
A. Continue to do their usual activities.
B. Spend one hour in doing eye exercises.
C. Attend an extra class of outdoor activities.
D. Participate in outdoor activities with parents.
2.What can we learn about the chemical dopamine?
A. It can control people’s growth. B. It can lead to poor sight.
C. It means low levels of light intensity. D. It is good to eyesight.
3.What does the underlined word “restrain” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. recover. B. increase.
C. limit. D. convey.
4.What may be discussed in the following paragraph?
A. How to prevent kids becoming nearsighted.
B. How to protect kids’ skin and eyes from UV light.
C. How to encourage kids to join in outdoor activities.
D. How to design outdoor activities for kids to cure their nearsightedness.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
-
Dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories lurking in a glass of wine or a favorite cocktail. But new research suggests that women who regularly consume moderate(适度的) amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers and are at lower risk for obesity (fatness).
The findings, reported this week in the Archives of Internal Medicine, are based on a study of 19,220 United States women aged 30 to 40 who fall into the “normal weight” based on their body mass index. Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston tracked the women’s drinking habits over 13 years. About 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol.
Over the course of the study, 41 percent of the women became overweight. Although alcohol is packed with calories, the nondrinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time: nine pounds, on average, compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular moderate drinkers. The risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with nondrinkers.
The findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol. Although moderate drinking is associated with better heart health, regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk.
The trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn’t appear to hold true for men. A 2003 study of British men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than nondrinkers. Studies suggest that drinking alcohol has different effects on eating habits among men and women. Men typically add alcohol to their daily caloric intake, whereas women are more likely to substitute（替代）alcohol for food. In addition, there may be differences in how men and women metabolize（代谢）alcohol. Metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol, they experience little if any metabolic change. But alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman’s metabolism.
The findings don’t mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weight. Other research shows that once a person is already overweight, her alcohol metabolism is more efficient, and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean(瘦的) woman. The data do, however, suggest that for many women facing weight problems, the extra calories are probably not coming from alcoholic drinks.
1. According to the study, which of the following regular drinker is less likely to gain weight than nondrinkers?
A B C D
2.That men regular drinkers gained more weight than women regular drinkers is due to the following except ______.
A. women are more likely to substitute alcohol for food.
B. men drink alcohol much faster than women.
C. men and women metabolize alcohol differently.
D. men have different effects on eating habits with women.
3. The underlined word “whereas” may probably mean _______.
A. so B. in order that C. but D. and then
4.What can a dieter probably do before reading this passage?
A. Rush to drink alcohol to lose weight
B. Add alcohol to his or her daily caloric intake.
C. Face the weight problems alone.
D. Try to stop drinking any alcohol or wine.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
-
Teenagers who check social media for several hours a day are at the risk ofdeveloping ADHD (多动症), a study has concluded.
The research team, from the University of Southern California, tracked 2,600teenagers aged 15 and 16. They asked them how many times they checked theirphones and other digital devices for various reasons, and then monitored them for symptoms of ADHD. After two years, those who had checked their phones the mostoften were twice as likely as those who checked the least often to show signs ofADHD.
Writing in the JAMA medical journal, the scientists said, “Modern mediadevices immediately inform users when new text messages, social media postings, or videogame play invitations arrive. Exposure to such information may drawattention away from important tasks. Frequent distraction could interrupt thedevelopment of constant attention and organization skills.”
They believe constant access to instant entertainment also has an impact. Researcher Professor Adam Leventhal said all previous research had focused on the link between ADHD and televisions. “What’s new is that previous studies on thistopic were done many years ago, when social media, mobile phones, tablets andmobile apps didn’t exist. We can say with confidence that teens who are exposedto higher levels of digital media are significantly more likely to develop ADHDsymptoms in the future,” he said.
Leventhal believes the findings help fill a gap in understanding how newmobile media devices and seemingly limitless content pose a mental health risk forchildren. And the findings serve as a warning.
British scientists welcomed the findings. But Professor Andy Przybylski of theOxford Internet Institute said, “The study relies on survey responses provided bythe students in question. It is not clear if teachers or parents would rate the childrensimilarly or if the self-reported measure of digital screen use is related with eitheractual behavior or higher quality survey items.”
1.How did the researchers conduct the study?
A. By monitoring 2,600 teenagers with ADHD.
B. By tracking the participants for two years.
C. By analyzing data from previous researches online.
D. By controlling different teens’ time spent on social media.
2.What does Leventhal think of the exposure to higher levels of digital media?
A. It will cause diverse ADHD symptoms.
B. It will create higher ADHD risks.
C. It will weaken teenagers’ confidence.
D. It will have a major influence on organization skills.
3.What does Professor Andy Przybylski think of the study?
A. It provides a better understanding of the media.
B. It should have focused on parents’ responses.
C. Its findings are not reliable enough.
D. It’s a breakthrough in this field.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The use of digital media is on the rise
B. Teens are increasingly exposed to ADHD
C. Heavy use of social media may increase ADHD risks
D. Teens’ exposure to modern media calls more attention
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-
People who are slightly overweight or mildly obese(肥胖的) have a lower risk of early death than normal weight individuals(个人;个体), according to a new analysis of nearly 100 international studies.
The studies, most conducted within the past decade, included about three million adults from around the world. The result of these studies by researchers at the National Center for Health Statistics in Maryland, part of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shows that slightly overweight or obese people were six percent less likely to die from all causes compared to people of normal weight. But the researchers found that seriously obese individuals were still at a 30 percent greater risk of death compared to healthy-weight individuals.
Study lead author Katherine Flegal says she was not surprised that overweight people would not have a higher death risk. “Because we'd actually already read a lot of this literature and realized that death rates for overweight would be at least not higher than normal[weight," she said. “I guess l was a little bit surprised that it was definitely lower. And l was also surprised that the lower rates of obesity didn't seem to differ from normal weight."
But Flegal stresses the difference in death rates appear to be small between normal-weight people and overweight and mildly obese individuals.
The finding by Flegal and colleagues have raised new questions about the reliability(可靠性)of the so-called "body mass index" or BMI, a measurement of body fat as a ratio(比例，比率)of height to weight, that has become popular in recent years among public healthexperts to measure potential health risks.
But Heymsfield warns that individuals should not conclude that it's okay to put on extra kilograms, since being at a healthy weight lowers the risk for heart disease and diabetes.
1.Katherine Flegal feels surprised at the fact that____.
A. obese people have higher death rates
B. slightly obese people have lower death rates
C. obese people tend to die early
D. death rates have nothing to do with body weight
2.What do we learn from the fifth paragraph?
A. BMI may not be so reliable.
B. The study provides further evidence for BMI.
C. BMI tells nothing about potential health risks.
D. BMI has been much questioned recently.
3.What can we conclude from the passage'?
A. It's OK to put on extra weight.
B. It doesn't matter if you are slightly obese.
C. Obese people are much healthier.
D. Body weight has nothing to do with death rates.
4.What topic does the passage mainly deal with?
A. Technology. B. Dieting. C. Health. D. Death.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-
WASHINGTON(Reuters)‑People who drink two or more sweetened soft drinks a week have a much higher risk of pancreatic cancer (胰腺癌), an unusual but deadly cancer, researchers reported on Monday.
People who drank mostly fruit juice instead of sodas did not have the same risk, the study of 60,000 people in Singapore found.
“Sugar may be to blame but people who drink sweetened sodas regularly often have other poor health habits,” said Mark Pereira of the University of Minnesota, who led the study.
“The high levels of sugar in soft drinks may be increasing the level of insulin(胰岛素) in the body, which we think contributes to pancreatic cancer cell growth,” President said in a statement.
Writing in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Pereira and his colleagues said they followed 60,524 men and women in the Singapore—Chinese Health Study for 14 years.
Over that time, 140 of the volunteers developed pancreatic cancer. Those who drank two or more sweetened soft drinks a week had an 87 percent higher risk of being among those who got pancreatic cancer.
Pereira said he believed the findings would apply elsewhere.
“Singapore is a wealthy country with excellent healthcare. Favorite pastimes(消遣) are eating and shopping, so the findings should apply to other western countries.” he said.
But Susan Mayne of the Yale Cancer Center at Yale University in Connecticut was cautious.
“Although this study found a risk, the finding was based on a relatively small number of cases and it remains unclear whether it was a causal(因果的) connection or not.” Said Mayne, who serves on thee board of the journal, which is published by the American Association for Cancer Research.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest form of cancer, with 230,000 cases globally. In the United States, 37,680 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in a year and 34, 290 die of it.
1.We can infer from Pereira’s word that_________
A. the healthcare in Singapore should be greatly improved
B. 2 soft drinks a day are considered harmful to health
C. 87 out of 140 volunteers developed pancreatic cancer
D. sugar might not be the only cause of pancreatic cancer.
2.How does Susan seem to feel about the findings of the study?
A. Satisfied B. Doubtful C. Worried D. Hopeful
3.The best title of the text might be_______
A. The Deadliest Forms of Cancer
B. Drink Fruit Juice Instead of Sodas
C. A Study in University of Minnesota
D. Sugary Soft Drinks Lead to Cancer
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-
The health of millions could be at risk because medicinal plants are being used up.These plants are used to make traditional medicine，including drugs to fight cancer.“The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster，”says Sara Oldfield，secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
Most people worldwide (including 80 percent of all Africans)rely on herbal medicines(草药)which are got mostly from wild plants.But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out，according to a report from the international conversation group Plantlife.Shortages have been reported in China，India，Kenya，Nepal，Tanzania and Uganda.
Overharvesting does the most harm，though pollution and competition from invasive(侵略性的)species are both responsible.“Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants，not caring about sustain ability，”the Plantlife report says.“Damage is serious partly because they have no idea of it，but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized.” Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew and the African cherry，which are used to treat some cancers.
The solution，says the report's author，Alan Hamilton，is to encourage local people to protect these plants.Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India，Pakistan，China，Nepal，Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed.In Uganda the project has kept a sustainable supply of lowcost cancer treatments，and in China a public run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time.
“Improving health，earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants，”says Hamilton.“You have to pay attention to what people are interested in.” Ghillean Prance，the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London，agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection.
“Not nearly enough is being done，”he told New Scientist.“We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us.”
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A．The function of medicinal plants.
B．The importance of traditional medicine.
C．More and more people rely on herbal medicines.
D．The dangerous situation of medicinal plants and ways of protecting them.
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．About 30% of medicinal species are at risk of dying out.
B．Medicinal plants are mainly used to treat cancers.
C．80% of African countries are reported to be short of medicinal plants.
D．The problem of the loss of medicinal plants appeared suddenly.
3.What contributes most to the loss of medicinal plants?
A．A lack of knowledge of sustainability.
B．Invasion by other species.
C．Environmental pollution.
D．Improper harvesting.
4.What is a useful method of protecting medicinal plants?
A．Improving people's health.
B．Letting people earn more.
C．Working together with the government.
D．Persuading the locals to protect them.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-
The health of millions could be at risk because supplies of medicinal plants are being used up. These plants are used to make traditional medicine, including drugs to fight cancer. “The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster,” says Sara Oldfield, secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
Most people worldwide rely on herbal (药草制的) medicines which are got mostly from wild plants. But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out, according to report from the international conservation group Plantlife. Shortages have been reported in China, India, Kenya, Nepal, Tanzania and Uganda.
Over-harvesting does the most harm, though pollution and competition from invasive species (入侵物种) and habitat destruction all contribute. “Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants, not caring about sustainability (可持续性),” the Plantlife report says, “damage is serious partly because they have no idea about it, but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized.” Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew (紫衫) and the African cherry, which are used to treat some cancers.
The solution, says the report’s author, Alan Hamilton, is to encourage local people to protect these plants. Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed. In Uganda, the project has kept a sustainable supply of low-cost cancer treatments, and in China a public-run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time.”
“Improving health, earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants,” says Hamilton, “You have to pay attention to what people are interested in.”
Ghillean Prance, the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London, agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection. “Not nearly enough is being done,” he told New Scientist. “We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us.”
1.From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that ________.
A. millions of people are threatened with-cancer
B. most countries see a shortage of herbal medicines
C. about two thirds of medicinal species will disappear
D. a number of medicinal species are in danger of extinction
2.The major factor that causes the decreasing of supplies of medicinal plants is ________.
A. pollution B. habitat destruction
C. over-harvesting D. invasive species
3.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A. over-harvesting B. sustainability
C. other species’ invasion D. pollution
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Protecting medicinal plants has a long way to go.
B. Ghillean Prance is optimistic about medicinal plants’ future.
C. Local people don’t know how to protect medicinal plants.
D. China has made great progress in protecting medicinal plants.
5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Low-cost Cancer Treatment
B. The Importance of Sustainability
C. Medicinal Plants on Verge of Extinction
D. Sustainable Development of the Environment
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
-
Millions of teenagers are in danger of putting their health at risk by getting hooked on e-cigarettes, experts warn. Leading health researchers say they are “very concerned” by the growing number of youngsters trying the devices.
Ecigarettes have been marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. But previous research shows ecigarettes generate poisonous chemicals similar to those found in tobacco and may harm the lungs and immune system.
Worryingly, researchers at Liverpool University discovered 16% of teenagers who have used ecigarettes had never previously smoked. The experts also found ecigarettes were “strongly related” to drinking among teenagers. Study author Prof. Mark Bellis said, “Our research suggests that we should be very concerned about teenagers accessing ecigarettes. While debate on ecigarettes has focused largely on whether or not they act as a gateway to tobacco cigarette use, ecigarettes themselves contain a highly addictive drug that may have more serious and longer lasting impacts on children because their brains are still developing.”
Researchers surveyed 16,000 students aged 14 to 17 in the North West of England and asked them about their alcohol and tobacco use. They found that one in five answered yes to the question: “Have you ever bought or tried electronic cigarettes?” More males than females said they had.
Of the teenagers that had accessed ecigarettes, 16% had never smoked, 23% had tried smoking, 12% only smoked when drinking, and 14% were exsmokers. The research also found teenagers who drank alcohol were significantly more likely to have accessed ecigarettes than nondrinkers.
Among those who had never smoked, it was found that those who regularly have excessive(过多的)drinking were four times more likely to access ecigarettes than those who never drink. In all of those that drink, regardless of smoking status, ecigarette access was associated with excessive drinking and involvement with violence after drinking. The researchers said their findings suggest that teenagers who use ecigarettes are most susceptible to other forms of substance use and risktaking behaviors.
1.How have ecigarettes been promoted in the market?
A. As a healthier substitute for traditional cigarettes.
B. As a device meeting the mental needs of smokers.
C. As a product preventing smokers from using tobacco products.
D. As a new device promoted among youngsters.
2.What do we learn from the survey made in the North West of England?
A. E-cigarettes are now widely available and heavily promoted.
B. Ecigarette access is linked to excessive drinking and violence after it.
C. Teenagers are very knowledgeable about alcohol and tobacco use.
D. The number of adult cigarette smokers is dropping at present.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined words “susceptible to” in the last paragraph?
A. greatly interested in
B. commonly accustomed to
C. deeply disappointed at
D. easily influenced by
4.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Experts are concerned about excessive drinking in teenagers.
B. The harm of the ecigarettes is greater than that of alcohol.
C. Teenagers are in danger of risking their health on ecigarettes.
D. Researchers are aware of smokerelated health harm.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
