Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world. When it comes to cancer, the sooner you know you have it, the better your chances of surviving. A new blood test could change the way doctors and researchers find cancer in patients. Researchers say the test could provide evidence to the early forms of the disease.
Scientists at Swansea University in Wales came up with the idea. Gareth Jenkins is a professor at the university. “ In this blood test we don’t measure the presence of cancer; we measure the presence of mutant red blood cells which are collateral(附属的) damage that occurs---a by-product of the cancer developing.”
The researchers used normal laboratory equipment to perform the test. This equipment looks for changes in the structure of millions of red blood cells. Those mutant cells lack a surface protein that healthy cells normally have. “The main purpose of the test is to look for very rare cells which have picked up a mutation. The number of mutant red blood cells in a healthy person is around 5 or so per million. You have to look at millions of red blood cells to detect those rare events. These numbers increase in cancer patients---they go up to 40 or 50 mutants on average.”
The researchers tested blood from about 300 people, all of whom have cancer of the esophagus(食道). Patients with esophageal cancer have high levels of mutant red blood cells. Jenkins says that at this point he is not sure if other cancers will produce similar results.
The hope is that the new test and other non-invasive methods could one day become part of commonly used medical methods. He says that using a battery, or series, of tests will be the best way to find out if a person has cancer. These new technologies could save millions of lives.
1.According to the test, how do scientists find out if a person has cancer?
A.By calculating the speed of changes in the structure.
B.By observing the surface protein.
C.By looking for changes in the number of mutant red blood cells.
D.By measuring the presence of cancer.
2.What does the underlined word “mutant” in the 3rd paragraph mean?
A.Decreased. B.Changed. C.Increased. D.Multiplied.
3.The author adopts a/an tone in the passage.
A.humorous B.favorable C.critical D.objective
4.In which section of a website can you most probably find the passage?
A.Health. B.Fashion. C.Education. D.Culture.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题
According to the recent survey, cancer is the leading cause of death among the old persons in this area ____________ women.
A, extremely B, exactly C, specially D, especially
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world. When it comes to cancer, the sooner you know you have it, the better your chances of surviving. A new blood test could change the way doctors and researchers find cancer in patients. Researchers say the test could provide evidence to the early forms of the disease.
Scientists at Swansea University in Wales came up with the idea. Gareth Jenkins is a professor at the university. “ In this blood test we don’t measure the presence of cancer; we measure the presence of mutant red blood cells which are collateral(附属的) damage that occurs---a by-product of the cancer developing.”
The researchers used normal laboratory equipment to perform the test. This equipment looks for changes in the structure of millions of red blood cells. Those mutant cells lack a surface protein that healthy cells normally have. “The main purpose of the test is to look for very rare cells which have picked up a mutation. The number of mutant red blood cells in a healthy person is around 5 or so per million. You have to look at millions of red blood cells to detect those rare events. These numbers increase in cancer patients---they go up to 40 or 50 mutants on average.”
The researchers tested blood from about 300 people, all of whom have cancer of the esophagus(食道). Patients with esophageal cancer have high levels of mutant red blood cells. Jenkins says that at this point he is not sure if other cancers will produce similar results.
The hope is that the new test and other non-invasive methods could one day become part of commonly used medical methods. He says that using a battery, or series, of tests will be the best way to find out if a person has cancer. These new technologies could save millions of lives.
1.According to the test, how do scientists find out if a person has cancer?
A.By calculating the speed of changes in the structure.
B.By observing the surface protein.
C.By looking for changes in the number of mutant red blood cells.
D.By measuring the presence of cancer.
2.What does the underlined word “mutant” in the 3rd paragraph mean?
A.Decreased. B.Changed. C.Increased. D.Multiplied.
3.The author adopts a/an tone in the passage.
A.humorous B.favorable C.critical D.objective
4.In which section of a website can you most probably find the passage?
A.Health. B.Fashion. C.Education. D.Culture.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Breathing dirty air can cost someone's life span(寿命) months—even years, a new study finds.Worldwide, air pollution lowers average life spans by a year. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters.
Air pollution has been linked to many health problems.Most earlier studies has looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. But now an environmental scientist, Joshua Apte, is going even further. He works at the University of Texas, Austin. He together with his team is looking at life expectancy, hoping to make the threat easier to understand.
PM 2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM 2. 5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average life span. This analysis show show pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.
The World Health Organization(WHO) recommends limiting PM 2.5 to 10 micrograms(微克) per cubic (立方)meter of air. Apte's group used data to try to find how this low level would help people. But meeting the WHO standard won't get rid of health damage from dirty air.That's because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter pollution still causes huge risks.
Reducing air pollution could increase life expectancy. The scientists also compared how other threats shorten life spans across the globe. These risk factors included smoking and cancer.
These results show that in poor countries, cleaning up dirty air could greatly increase life spans. It could have as big an effect as cleaning up drinking water, or curing lung cancer. However, in wealthier countries air pollution shortens life expectancy by less than half a year. All forms of cancer, in fact, shorten the average life expectancy by more than 3.5 years.“Knowing this can really help people, or policymakers, decide where to spend their money,” says Kirk Smith.
1.What is Joshua Apte's team trying to do?
A.Let people understand air pollution better. B.Know how small air pollutants are.
C.Study the life expectancy of different people. D.Study many different healthy problems.
2.What will happen if one country limits PM 2.5 to 10 micrograms per cube meters?
A.Its people will live a healthy life. B.Its air is very clean.
C.It will get a prize from WHO. D.It still has pollution risks.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Cancer is the leading killer in all kinds of diseases.
B.It's very hard to clean up dirty air in a short time.
C.The study will help different countries take different policies.
D.Reducing air pollution can increase all people's lifespans much.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.The Effect of Cancer Is Worse than Dirty Air
B.Air Pollution Is Shortening Lives Worldwide
C.Many Factors Are Affecting People's Health
D.Governments Are Trying to Make Life Span Long
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, _____ a research report.
A.according to B.because of
C.thanks to D.instead of
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
English playwright Arthur Wing Pinero said, “Where there's tea, there's hope.” Similarly, a Chinese saying goes that “Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day. ”
1.According to statistics, global tea production reached approximately 5.8 million tons in 2018. It has become the most consumed beverage(饮料) in the world-after water, of course.
In order to celebrate the popular drink, the United Nations General Assembly has named “May 21”as International Tea Day. 2. You probably know that people in China use top-grade tea to show respect when receiving important guests. 3.. Making Malaysia's pulled tea has become a sort of art form, where drinkers take pride in its entertainment aspects. As an expression of Moroccan hospitality(好客)and tradition, mint tea-a mix of green tea, spearmint leaves and sugar-is served during gatherings.
“Apart from its cultural significance, tea is also a medicine.” Tea is cold and lowers the fire, Chinese Ming Dynasty herbalist Li Shizhen once said. 4.Preventing heart disease, obesity and cancer has all been linked to drinking green tea, according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information in the US. The love for healthy tea products continues into a new decade as it's used in moisturizers, lip balms and other beauty products.
5. It's a social custom and also a magic medicine, a link to the past and a way of life.
A.Avoid drinking too much though it is beneficial.
B.Tea is, without doubt, welcomed all over the world.
C.The health benefits of tea are still being discovered today.
D.Hot or cold, bagged or loose-leaf, tea is more than a drink.
E.It has become a big part of many cultures around the world.
F.China, the homeland of tea, is a leading producer and consumer.
G.Meanwhile, afternoon tea is an important part of the British culture.
高一英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
We already know that a lack of sleep will actually prevent your brain from being able to make new memories. You end up feeling as though you’re amnesiac.
A lack of sleep will lead to an increased development of a protein in the brain connected with Alzheimer’s disease because it is during deep sleep at night that a system within the brain starts to wash away this protein. So if you’re not getting enough sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up. The more protein that builds up, the greater your risk of developing Alzheimer will be in later life.
What are the effects of the lack of sleep on the body? We know that a lack of sleep impacts your immune system(免疫系统).After just one night of four to five hours of sleep, there is a 70%reduction in immune cells called natural killer cells. And that’s the reason that short sleep predicts your risk for developing many forms of cancer.
In fact, the link between a lack of sleep and cancer is now so strong that recently the World Health Organization decided to classify any form of nighttime shift work as a probable cause of cancer. It is during deep sleep at night that your heart rate drops, your blood pressure goes down. If you’re not getting enough sleep, your blood pressure rises. If you’re getting six hours of sleep or less, you’ll have a 200%increased risk of having a deadly heart attack or stroke in your lifetime.
There is a global experiment that is performed on 1.6 billion people twice a year and it’s called daylight savings time. And we know that in the spring, when we lose one hour of sleep, we see a 24%increase in heart attacks the following day.
Another question, perhaps, is what is the recycle rate of a human being? How long can we actually last without sleep before we start to see worsening in your brain function? And the answer seems to be about 16 hours of wakefulness. Once you get past 16 hours of being awake, that’s when we start to see mental and physical damages in the body. We know that after you’ve been awake for 19 or 20 hours, your mental capacity(心智能力)is so damaged that you would be as slow as someone who was drunk. So if you were to ask me what is the recycle rate of a human being, it does seem to be about 16 hours and we need about eight hours of sleep to repair the damage of wakefulness.
1.The underlined word “amnesiac” in Paragraph 1 probably means
A.sleepy B.tolerant C.relieved D.forgetful
2.According to the article, we can infer that_
A.the more you sleep, the more protein there will be
B.you’re more likely to suffer heart attacks in the spring
C.deep sleep at night protects you from a harmful protein
D.you’ll develop many forms of cancer due to short sleep
3.When you’re awake over 16 hours, .
A.your brain won’t function in a proper way B.your brain needs at least 8 hours to recover
C.you must have drunk large amounts of wine D.you walk as slowly as the physically disabled
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Sleeping sickness kills B.Enough sleep counts
C.Less sleep causes cancer D.Sleep is necessary for man
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Glaucoma(青光眼)is a major cause of blindness around the world, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization says glaucoma is a greater public health challenge than cataracts(白内障), because the blindness caused by the latter can be cured after operations.
Glaucoma is a disease that makes people around the world lose their sight, and they usually don’t even know they have the disease until it has permanently destroyed at least 40 percent of their sight. The process is usually so painless and subtle(不明显的), so people don't notice it. Actually, the simplest medical test can discover it.
“It is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. In Hispanics and in African-Americans, it’s the second leading cause of blindness and so is the case in the Chinese and Indians.” said Dr. Alan Robin, a specialist in treating glaucoma. “The glaucoma we see in sub-Saharan Africa is a much more aggressive blinding disease than the glaucoma we see in Americans or even African- Americans in-the United States.” he said. .
Dr. Eric Fleischer also sees these differences at Medstar Washington Hospital Center. “Pretty much anybody who has ancestors in Africa has an increased chance of developing glaucoma.” Age is another thing that may lead to glaucoma, although people of all ages can get it.
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that commonly produce pressure in the eye. An eye is sort of like a watch. And behind the face of the watch, liquid is made. It goes through your pupil(瞳孔)and into the front of the watch between the face and the crystal.There's an area around the edge of the watch that drains(使排出)the liquid. When that drain is blocked, the liquid can't leave the eye as fast as it is produced. The rising pressure within the eye damages and eventually kills the optic(视觉的) nerve. The result is blindness.
Fortunately, if caught early, glaucoma can be controlled. Glaucoma is not curable. But as researchers worldwide lean more about it, they grow more hopeful that glaucoma can one day be cured or even prevented.
1.In which country is glaucoma the biggest danger to people’s sight?
A.In China B.In India C.In the USA D.In Japan
2.What do the underlined words “these differences”(in Para 4 )refer to?
A.The differences in regions(地区) B.The cultural differences
C.The differences in age D.The physical differences
3.From the passage, we can learn that, ________.
A.It is hard for medical tests to discover glaucoma
B.People in developed countries hardly develop glaucoma
C.Glaucoma only causes blindness among old people
D.The research on glaucoma is still going on worldwide
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
You'll need to take a deep breath before hearing this news. An astonishing 93% of kids around the world live in environments with air pollution levels that are damaging their health, according to a new report by WHO.
Air pollution is to blame for the deaths of 543,000 kids under 5 in 2016, with more than one in four deaths of children under five years old being related to environmental issues. Exposure (暴露)to air pollution can damage the health of kids in a variety of ways, either causing or being associated with everything from low birth weight to childhood obesity and so on.
"The large toll of disease and death revealed (揭示)by these new data should result in an urgent call to action for the global community especially for those in the health department WHO stated. “ Strong action to reduce exposure to air pollution offers an opportunity to protect the health of children. " The report stressed that health experts should communicate with families , communities and policy-makers about the serious risks of air pollution exposure. " Although more researches into how air pollution affects children's health will continue to be valuable, there is already evidence to justify strong, swift action to prevent the damage it clearly produces," WHO added.
Disease caused by dirty air is more common in low-and-middle in come countries, especially those in Africa, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. Poor countries in these areas have the highest levels of exposure to household air pollution due to the use of polluting fuels and technologies for basic needs like cooking, heating and lighting.
Advised solutions include cleaner transport , cleaner cooking and heating fuels and technologies energy-efficient housing and urban planning, safer industrial technologies and better waste management.
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The way to fight air pollution.
B.The serious result of air pollution.
C.The illnesses children are suffering.
D.The deaths caused by air pollution.
2.What does the underlined word “toll” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Number. B.Threat. C.Fact. D.Report.
3.What are health experts asked to do?
A.Do more researches. B.Find ways to fight air pollution.
C.Make the serious risks known. D.Develop cleaner fuels and technologies.
4.What can we learn from the text?
A.Researches of this kind have stopped.
B.Air pollution caused 543,000 kids' death in 2016.
C.Nothing can be done to stop air pollution al present.
D.Air pollution is more serious in low-and-middle-income countries.
高一英语阅读选择困难题查看答案及解析
Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere, and so raising the temperature of the earth.
In Europe, eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperatures. On the other hand, the countries around the Mediterranean Sea are receiving even less rain than before. In Sub- Saharan Africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation. In 1999, the southern United States was struck by a serious of destructive(毁灭性的) hurricanes. Scientists expect such trends to continue, and to worsen, if global warming cannot be stopped.
In addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and extreme weather conditions, scientists are closely monitoring sea levels around the world. They are slowly rising, as the northern and southern polar ice caps start to melt. This will have serious consequences for low-lying countries near the sea. Already parts of these places are disappearing under the rising sea water.
According to a new research, one contradictory feature(特征) of global warming is that it will probably lead to a period of much colder weather. Scientists base their theory on what happened the last time the world warmed up, 8,300 years ago. They have discovered that when the ice melted from the northern polar ice cap it became trapped in a lake in northern Canada. As more ice melted, this lake suddenly burst open, pouring millions of tons of freezing fresh water into the North Atlantic. This flood of water prevented the normal flow of water in the Atlantic, which takes warm water from the tropics(热带地区) north to Europe. When this flow of warm water was cut off, temperatures in Europe dropped by between three and eight degrees over the next 200 years. ''That's the concern here,'' says Richard Alley, an American climate expert. ''The climate hasn't varied much in 8, 000 years. But big changes could come back!''
1.What is the overall effect of global warming on Europe?
A.A warmer climate. B.A decline in rainfall.
C.An increase of hurricanes. D.A decrease of crop production.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The rising sea level. B.The melting of icebergs.
C.The increase in disasters. D.The cause of global warming.
3.How does the author describe the climate change in Europe 8 ,300 years ago?
A.By offering statistics. B.By giving an example.
C.By making comparisons. D.By analyzing the process.
4.What can we infer from Richard Alley' s words?
A.Global climate change will bring more disasters.
B.Global warming will likely produce a colder climate.
C.Global warming will continue for the next two centuries.
D.Global climate will remain unchangeable in the next 8,000 years.
高一英语阅读选择困难题查看答案及解析
Smoking is harmful. But as soon as you quit the habit, everything will be OK, right? Wrong.
New research has found that even if you give up smoking, the damage it has done to your genes will stay there for a much longer time. In the research, a team of US scientists studied the blood of 16,000 people. Among them, some were smokers, some used to smoke, and the rest were non-smokers. Scientists compared their genes and found that more than 7,000 genes of smokers had changed-a number that is one-third of known human genes.
According to NBC News, both heart disease and cancer are caused by genetic changes. Some people may have had the changes when they were born, but most people get them in their day-to-day lives while doing things like smoking.
When you stop smoking, a lot of these genes will return to normal within five years.
This means your body is trying to heal (治愈) itself of the harmful effects of smoking. But the changes in some of the genes stay for longer. They can stay for as long as 30 years.It’s almost like leaving a footprint on wet cement (水泥)-it will always be there, even when you’ve walked away and when the cement becomes dry.
Although the study results may make people unhappy, there is a bright side: the findings could help scientists invent medicine to treat genetic damage caused by smoking or find ways to tell which people have heart disease or cancer risks.
1.The purpose of Paragraph 1 is to______ .
A.raise a question
B.give an example
C.make an argument
D.show the main idea of the passage
2.Most genetic changes happen because of______ .
A.people’s condition at birth B.environmental pollution
C.heart disease and cancer D.people’s bad living habit
3.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refers to______ .
A.the footprint B.the cement
C.the harmful effect D.the genetic change
4.Which of the following statements is true?
A.The findings are the fruit of more than three years’ research.
B.The findings have prevented more people from starting smoking
C.The findings help to find cures for genetic damage caused by smoking.
D.The findings offer evidence that a damaged gene can heal itself.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析