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As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more subtle, we can expect them to be used more often in the world of human medicine and healthcare. AI is designed to imitate the human brain in decision making and learning, so with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours, it is possible to create medical AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks.
Most of the AI systems working in medicine employ smart algorithms ( 算 法 ), with the machine and deep learning techniques, and are supported by speech recognition and computer or machine vision to make their decisions. It will be some time before researchers can develop artificial general intelligence systems capable of abstracting knowledge and developing their own experiences to share with other AIs. But firms like Microsoft, Google, Apple,
IBM and Facebook are preparing themselves up to deliver the most advanced AI personalized healthcare possible for patients around the world.
Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine. AI systems are trained on large data sets gathered from real-life cases. Providing amounts of detailed patient information is a decisive factor for their success.
One of the most important areas for influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology ( 流行病学).
Predicting disease outbreaks can save millions of lives by having resources ready should the worst happen. Another field where medical AIs are making rapid advances is in diagnostics. Doctors base a lot of decisions on information from X-ray, CT and MRI images. Speeding up diagnoses from patient scans can rapidly improve patient care and outcomes.
Cardiologist (心脏病医生) Rima Arnaout developed an AI that beat human experts at correctly interpreting echocardiograms by 92 percent to 79 percent. She said that despite the result there is no hope of AI replacing human doctors any time soon. "As cardiologists, we read the images and then go see the patient," she said. "So we’re both reading images and practicing medicine. I don't think that the second piece will be taken over so quickly."
1.The purpose of this text is to introduce ________.
A.the speech recognition of AI systems
B.the computer vision of AI systems
C.the rise of AI systems in medicine
D.the development of AI in tech firms
2.What is the key to making medical AI systems successful?
A.Arriving at decisions.
B.Providing patient data.
C.Predicting disease outbreaks.
D.Speeding up diagnoses.
3.What can we infer from Rima's words?
A.She prefers practicing medicine to reading images.
B.AIs do better than cardiologists in seeing patients.
C.She is confident in the irreplaceable role of human doctors.
D.AIs are unable to read images with current technology.
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
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For all the technological wonders of modem medicine, health care-with its fax machines and clipboards(写字板)—is out of date. This outdated era is slowly drawing to a close as the industry catches up with the artificial-intelligence ( AI) revolution.
Eric Topol, an expert in heart disease and enthusiast for digital medicine, thinks AI will be particularly useful for such tasks as examining images, observing heart traces for abnormalities or turning doctors' words into patient records. It will be able to use masses of data to work out the best treatments, and improve workflows in hospitals. In short, AI is set to save time, lives and money.
The fear some people have is that AI will be used to deepen the assembly-line culture of modem medicine. If it gives a “ gift of time” to doctors, they argue that this bonus should be used to extend consultations, rather than simply speeding through them more efficiently.
That is a fine idea, but as health swallows an ever-bigger share of national wealth, greater efficiency is exactly what is needed, at least so far as governments and insurers are concerned. Otherwise, rich societies may fail to cope with the needs of ageing and growing populations. An extra five minutes spent chatting with a patient is costly as well as valuable. The AI revolution will also enable managerial accountants to adjust and evaluate every aspect of treatment. The autonomy of the doctor will surely be weakened, especially, perhaps, in public-health systems which are duty-bound to cut unnecessary costs.
The Hippocratic Oath(誓言) holds that there is an art to medicine as well as a science, and that “warmth, sympathy and understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug”. There's lots of sense in it: the patients of sympathetic physicians have been shown to recover better. Yet as the supply of human carers fails to satisfy the demand for health care, the future may involve consultations on smartphones and measurements monitored by chatbots. The considerately warmed stethoscope ( 听诊器) ,placed gently on a patient's back, may become a relic of the past.
1.What's Dr Topol's attitude toward AI's coming into medicine?
A.Concerned. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Cautious.
2.What does the author of the text attach more importance to?
A.Medical costs. B.National wealth.
C.Longer consultation. D.Greater efficiency.
3.Why is the Hippocratic Oath mentioned?
A.To prove the bright future of AI.
B.To show the advantage of a human doctor.
C.To explain medical equipment is more important.
D.To argue a human doctor performs as well as a robot.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A.Health care and AI B.AI and its applications
C.Doctors and Patients D.Dr Topol and digital medicine
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Artificial intelligence products are not new. However, researchers have been working to improve the technology. Now virtual assistants, like Siri and Alexa, can have short conversations with us. AlphaGo taught itself to play Go and became better than the top human players.
Now an AI system has been tasked with passing a multiple-choice exam. The goal is to improve machines’ language understanding and logic with so-called computer vision.
A system named Aristo was developed by the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a lab in the United States city of Seattle. It recently passed an eighth-grade science exam taken by many US students, The New York Times reported. It correctly answered more than 90 percent of the questions. Then it was given a twelfth-grade exam. It scored more than 80 percent.
It’s an example of the progress in AI development. Four years ago, 700 computer scientists tried to develop AI systems that could pass these kinds of exams. None scored higher than 60 percent.
Aristo was able to pass the exams because it can not only understand language but also use logical thinking to solve difficult problems. For example, it can understand what a forest fire is and how it could endanger animals like squirrels or decrease the food supply they need.
The system used BERT, a kind of neural （神经的）network technology developed by Google, to answer the questions. BERT has “read” thousands of English articles If it looks at a sentence with a missing word, it can correctly guess what the word is With BERT’s help, Aristo “read” many multiple-choice questions and answers. Over time, it was able to find logical patterns on its own.
It may still be in the earliest stages, said Jingjing Liu, a Microsoft researcher who has been working on similar technologies “We can’t compare this technology to real human students and their ability to reason.”
However, Aristo’s success means that AI systems are getting better at understanding users, and we might see improved search engines and hospital databases （数据库）in the near future.
1.Why did scientists develop Aristo?
A.To make better multiple-choice exams.
B.To improve AI’s ability to teach itself.
C.To shorten the time AI needs to “read” information.
D.To improve the language understanding and logic of AI.
2.What can we know about Aristo from its exam results?
A.It was smarter than most US students.
B.It could only deal with science questions.
C.It was best at understanding English.
D.It did better than other AI systems in similar tasks.
3.What does the sixth paragraph talk about?
A.How Aristo teaches itself. B.How Aristo reads English articles.
C.How Google developed BERT. D.How Google designed Aristo.
4.What can we learn from Jingjing Liu’s words?
A.AI will soon replace humans in many tasks.
B.Aristo still cannot compare to human reasoning skills.
C.Humans can’t live without AI in the future.
D.Aristo performs better with a larger database.
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Instant Expert: Artificial Intelligence
Like it or not, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is starting to influence your life. Machines that have learned how to perform a task-or a huge range of tasks-better than humans are proving to be an invaluable resource. Join our speakers on a journey through the fascinating world of AI and give your own intelligence and instant upgrade.
Speakers:
Michael Veale, Lecturer in digital rights and regulation at University College London
Nello Cristianini, Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the University of Bristol
Lydia Nicholls, Researcher and writer
Helmut Hauser, Senior Lecturer in Robotics at the University of Bristol
Aleksandra Berditchevskaia, Nesta Senior Researcher at the Center for Collective Intelligence
Benefits of attending:
Become an expert one day
Open your mind, be inspired
What's included in your ticket:
In depth talks from leading AI researchers
Ask-an-expert Question Time session
Sandwich lunch, plus morning and afternoon refreshments
Exclusive Instant Expert certificate
Exclusive New Scientist subscription deal
Book information:
The event will be held in the Knowledge Center Auditorium, the British Library
Doors will be open at 9:15 am, with talks starting at 10 am as sharp. The event will finish at 5pm.
The schedule/exact running order for the day will be confirmed closed to the event, and will
be emailed to all ticket holders.
Should you require details about disabled access, please contact us at: live@newscientist.com.
Tickets:
Early bird: Save ￡ 20
Standard ticket:￡ 149
Student ticket:￡ 99-Limited Availability
1.The attraction of the event lies in the fact that it_
A.Provides three hot meals
B.gifts one copy of Lydia Nicholls' book
C.gives magazine subscribers free services
D.arranges particular interaction with experts
2.How much should a farther pay if he buys tickets for himself and his 15-year-old daughter?
A.￡ 119 B.￡ 169
C.￡ 288 D.￡ 248
3.The purpose of the passage is to
A.try to persuade us to enjoy AI
B.tell us about the influence of Al
C.attract us to join in an event of AI
D.inform us of the information about AI
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Many leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on Earth.
The reason why many reject this as science fiction is that we’ve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific.
From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information-processing performed by elementary particles(基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one can’t build machines more intelligent than us in all ways. This suggests that we’ve only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity.
If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying(扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow’s toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable(可持续的) energy?
I’m optimistic that we can develop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning from mistakes. That helped us win the race with less powerful technology: We messed up with fire and then invented fire extinguishers, and we messed up with cars and then invented seat belts. However, it’s an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI—where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time.
1.How do many people feel about leading AI researchers’ predictions?
A. Acceptable B. Curious
C. Doubtful D. Disappointed
2.What does the author think of intelligence?
A. We know little about it. B. It belongs to human beings.
C. It is too difficult to understand. D. We have a good command of it.
3.What does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Cost. B. Potential.
C. Quantity. D. Advantage.
4.What’s important for us in the race between people and technology?
A. Learning from failure. B. Increasing our intelligence.
C. Avoiding making mistakes. D. Making accurate predictions.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Many leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on Earth.
The reason why many regard this as science fiction is that we've traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific.
From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information-processing performed by elementary particles (基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one can't build machines more intelligent than us in all ways. This suggests that we've only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity.
If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow's toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation (自动化) and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable (可持续的) energy?
I'm optimistic that we can develop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning form mistakes. That helped us win the race with less powerful technology: We messed up with fire and then invented fire extinguishers (灭火器), and we messed up with cars and then invented seat belts. However, it's an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI—where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time.
1.How do many people feel about leading AI researchers' predictions?
A.Worried. B.Curious. C.Doubtful. D.Disappointed.
2.What does the author think of intelligence?
A.We know little about it. B.It belongs to human beings.
C.It is too difficult to understand. D.We have nothing more to discover.
3.What does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Cost. B.Risk. C.Quantity. D.Advantage.
4.What's important for us in the race between people and technology?
A.Learning from failure. B.Increasing our intelligence.
C.Avoiding making mistakes. D.Being more optimistic.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Rapid progress in artificial intelligence, also called AI, and the wide use of robots across different industries are causing the worry about the growth in joblessness. People have different opinions on this development, and they mainly have focused on what to do to make sure that robots don't steal jobs.
Bill Cates, for example, have called for taxing(对…征税)robots that take away jobs. This has led to disagreement from other leading figures, such as Larry Summers, who thinks that robots are job creators and that it is totally wrong. Another idea is to use a basic income for all-the ides that everyone receives the lowest income-to pay for influence of technological unemployment. This idea also causes disagreement.
However, jobs are not created or lost because of a single technology, but because of the business system designed to make use of the power of the technology.
We have seen a similar example in history, with recorded music in the last century. It wasn't the 1930s recording technology itself that affected the jobs of the live musicians. It was its connection with radio broadcasting，jukeboxes(自动唱机)and the way businesses operated that led to the job losses. Hotels, restaurants and bars replaced live musicians with jukeboxes. A single recording could be placed over and over without requiring the appearance of the musicians.
The early recording of music destroyed the jobs of some live musicians and made them earn less money than before. The social dissatisfaction was largely about monopoly power(垄断势力)and less about the technology itself.
Job creation or loss has to be considered with everything considered. This is the best explained by looking at the difference between recorded music in the last century and robots now.
1.What's people's main attention according to the first paragraph?
A.Artificial intelligence. B.The growing opportunities.
C.Not letting robots take away jobs. D.Stopping the wide use of robots.
2.What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The idea of taxing robots. B.The belief that robots steal jobs.
C.Rapid progress in artificial intelligence. D.Disagreement between leading figures.
3.What can we know about Larry Summers?
A.He agrees with Bill Gates' opinion. B.He thinks robots can create jobs.
C.He supports the idea of taxing robots. D.He praises using a basic income for all
4.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A.There will be more social dissatisfaction in the future.
B.Monopoly power is a terrible social phenomenon.
C.We should tell job creation or loss with full consideration.
D.Recorded music is completely different from robots.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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Self-driving vehicles will rely on cameras, sensors(传感器) and artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize and respond to road and traffic conditions, but sensing is the most effective for objects and movement in the neighborhood of the vehicle. Not everything important in a car’s environment will be caught by the vehicle’s camera. Another vehicle approaching at high speed on a collision (碰撞) track might not be visible until it’s too late. This is why vehicle-to-vehicle communication is undergoing rapid development. Our research shows that cars will need to be able to chat and cooperate on the road, although the technical challenges are considerable.
Applications for vehicle-to-vehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row, to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles. Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passers-by and bicycles.
From as far as several hundred metres away, vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units（RSUs）about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through 4G network. A high level of AI seems required for such vehicles, not only to self-drive from A to B, but also to react intelligently to messages received. Vehicles will need to plan, reason, strategize(制定策略) and adapt in the light of information received in real time and to carry out cooperative behaviours. For example, a group of autonomous vehicles might avoid a route together because of potential risks, or a vehicle could decide to drop someone off earlier due to messages received, a foreseen crowding ahead.
Further applications of vehicle-to-vehicle communication are still being researched, including how to perform cooperative behaviour.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The reasons for the accidents by self-driving vehicles.
B. The importance of artificial intelligence of self-driving vehicles.
C. The reasons for developing communication between self-driving vehicles.
D. The research about applications for self-driving vehicles.
2.What does the underlined word “alert” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Alarm. B. Blame.
C. Ignore. D. Govern.
3.What can we learn about roadside units (RSUs)?
A. They recognize the vehicles on the road.
B. They can improve bad road conditions.
C. They take control of the passing vehicles.
D. They serve as efficient information stations.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A. Different kinds of vehicle communication.
B. Importance of high level AI.
C. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
D. Ways to improve our communication with vehicles.
高二英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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Robots are increasingly being developed to think and act like humans. But one common human quality that has been difficult for engineers to recreate in machines is humor.
Most robots are powered by artificial intelligence, or AI. Some have performed better than humans in tests designed to measure machine intelligence.
Computer scientists have also hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed.
Kiki Hempelmann is a computational language expert who studies humor at Texas A&M University. “Artificial intelligence will never get jokes like humans do,” he told the Associated Press. The main problem, Hempelmann says, is that robots completely miss the context of humor.
Tristan Miller is a computer scientist and linguist at Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany. In one research project, he studied more than 10,000 puns(双关语).
Puns are a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons do not like pop music.” The word “pop” can be a way of saying popular music; or, “pop” can be the sound a balloon makes when it explodes.
But a robot might not get the joke. Tristan Miller says that is because humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for computer intelligence to understand.
Despite the difficulties, Darmstadt University’s Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable, especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm(讽刺), he noted. Humans use sarcasm to say one thing but mean another.
But Texas A&M’s Kiki Hempelmann is not sure such attempts are a good idea. “Teaching AI systems humor is dangerous because they may find it where it isn’t, and they may use it where it’s inappropriate,” he said. “Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks it is funny,” he added.
1.Which is difficult for robots to gain according to the passage?
A.Thinking. B.Humor.
C.Intelligence. D.Action.
2.What does Kiki mean by saying robots’ missing the context of humor?
a. They lack creativity and skills.
b. They have no sense of humor at all.
c. They don’t understand the situation.
d. They have no related ideas that make a joke funny.
A.ab B.ac
C.bd D.cd
3.What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.The risk of teaching humor to AI.
B.The necessity of making AI smart.
C.The reason to keep robots humorous.
D.The possibility of robot understanding humor.
4.Which is the best title of the passage?
A.To Be Smarter, Be Humorous.
B.AI can Get Jokes Like Humans.
C.How to Help Robots Learn Humor?
D.Why Robot Humor Mostly Falls Flat.
高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Artificial intelligence, or AI, has been applied in a wide range of fields to perform specific tasks, including education, finance, heavy industry, transportation, and so on.
Education
There are a number of companies that create robots to teach subjects to children ranging from biology to computer science, though such tools have not become widespread yet. Advancements in natural language processing, combined with machine learning, have also enabled automatic grading of assignments. AI has also led to an explosion in popularity of MOOCs, or Massive Open Online Courses, which allows students from around the world to take classes online.
Finance
Use of AI in banking can be tracked back to 1987. Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations, maintain book-keeping, invest in stocks, and manage properties. Also, systems are being developed, like Atria, to translate complex data into simple and personable language. There are also wallets, like Wallet AI, which monitor an individual’s spending habits and provides ways to improve them.
Heavy industry
Robots have become common in many industries and are often given jobs that are considered dangerous to humans. Robots have proven effective in jobs that are very repetitive which may lead to mistakes or accidents due to failure in concentration and other jobs which humans may find degrading.
Transportation
Today’S cars can have AI-based driver assist features such as self-parking and advanced cruise controls. AI in transportation is expected to provide safe, efficient, and reliable transportation while minimizing the impact on the environment and communities.
Toys and games
Companies like Mattel have been creating AI-enabled toys for kids as young as age three. Using proprietary AI engines and speech recognition tools, they are able to understand conversations, give intelligent responses and learn quickly. AI has also been applied to video games, for example video game bots, which are designed to stand in as opponents where humans aren’t available or desired.
1.Which is true about AI and education?
A.Robots have been widely used to teach children.
B.AI has been used to grade students’ homework.
C.AI has enabled more students to receive education at school.
D.Education was the first field where A1 was used.
2.Which can be inferred from the passage?
A.Atria can help people understand complex data.
B.Wallet AI can help people make more money.
C.Robots’ jobs are considered dangerous to humans.
D.Robots can help people concentrate.
3.From the last two paragraphs we can know that_______________.
A.Today’s drivers needn’t learn to park their cars
B.AI ensures safe, efficient, and reliable transportation
C.AI-enabled toys is designed to improve kids’ intelligence
D.Video game bots can fight against you in video games
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The latest progress in AI. B.AI is of great use.
C.Some applications of AI. D.AI is used in all fields.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析